茶毛虫核型多角体病毒对茶毛虫的致病性研究

研究了茶毛虫核型多角体病毒（Euproctis pseudoconspersa nuclear polyhedrosis virus,简称EpNPV）的室内外增殖、分离粗提,以及对茶毛虫（Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand）室内毒力测定、田间防治效果和病毒电镜检测。采用室内离体茶树嫩枝水培,106βPIB/ml EpNPV喷雾接种2~3龄茶毛虫,或大田直接喷雾处理2~3龄茶毛虫,在罹病幼虫液化前及时收集虫尸,完成病毒增殖。106βPIB/ml、107βPIB/ml、108βPIB/ml EpNPV室内处理第12天致病率分别为43.60％、76.13％和64.68％;第14天致病率分别为59.17％、95.71％和95.70％。大田试验107βPIB/ml喷雾处理第15天防治效果达78.11%。经透射电镜观察田间防治大量感病茶毛虫虫尸,证实为EpNPV致病死亡。     

南京紫金山夏季蛾类群落结构及其动态分析

紫金山不同植被类型夏季蛾类分别隶属于10总科24科253属338种.应用多样性、均匀度、优势度等指标对不同植被类型蛾类的群落结构以及时间动态进行了分析.结果表明:夏季是紫金山蛾类的主要发生时期,紫金山蛾类昆虫较为丰富,蛾类的种类、数量与生境的复杂程度呈正相关;植物群落及生态环境的差异是导致蛾类群落结构差别的主要因素,蛾类可作为环境变化的指示物种;各植被类型的优势种差异较大,相似性系数处于中等不相似水平;多样性指数不受均匀度影响,说明紫金山针阔混交林、针叶林、竹林等植物群落正处于演替的某个中间阶段;不同时期蛾类的结构组成和多样性存在明显差异.优势种群季节性变化显著.     

蝴蝶兰分子标记技术应用研究进展

综述了分子标记技术的主要类型和特点,以及分子标记在蝴蝶兰遗传多样性、分类与亲缘关系、种质资源鉴定等方面的应用概况。     

Structure-activity relationships of pheromonostasis induced by ACCase-inhibitor herbicides in the moth Helicoverpa armigera

Many moth sex pheromone blends are derived from fatty acids and their production is regulated by a Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide (PBAN). In prior work we showed that the herbicide Diclofop-acid, an acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor, inhibits PBAN-induced sex pheromone production in vitro. In this work we extend our study showing that several other herbicides, belonging to the 2-aryloxyphenoxypropionate (‘FOP’) and the cyclohexandione-oxime (‘DIM’) families significantly inhibit pheromone production by adult females whilst survival is unaffected by treatment. Enzyme activity in vitro and kinetic analysis revealed a K_m of 0.35 μM with K_i values of 0.1 and 0.28 μM due to Tralkoxydim and Diclofop inhibition, respectively. Inhibitory activity on PBAN-induced pheromone production by all herbicides tested revealed a potency order: Tralkoxydim > Clodinafop > Cycloxidim > Haloxyfop > Diclofop > Fenoxaprop > Fluazifop > Quizalofop, Quizalofop being inactive. Differences in inhibition efficiencies may be attributed to different binding sites on the enzyme or to the polarity and solubility of these compounds.     

Preparing the way for sterile insect release: Determination of false codling moth distribution across a landscape mosaic

Sterile insect release (SIR) for control of insect pests focuses on release of sterile individuals within the focal crop. Its success is related to the extent to which pest individuals are concentrated in the crop or spread out across the landscape mosaic. However, little is known of the success of SIR relative to spatial densities of target insect pest populations. This is especially so for the false codling moth (FCM) Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), an indigenous moth to Africa and one of considerable phytosanitary significance. The aim here was to establish densities of the moth across a citrus production landscape in South Africa where the pest is particularly significant. Pheromone-baited delta traps were laid out in transects across a commercially important citrus-producing valley to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of wild males, prior to implementation of a commercial SIR programme. Transects included the focal citrus orchards, while also including a range of natural habitat types and elevation gradients. Male FCM were mostly confined to the citrus orchards, while those outside were close to citrus orchards or in alien alternative host plant patches, with only a few male individuals being caught up to 1.5 km from the nearest orchard. This suggests that the indigenous vegetation is supporting only a low FCM population, while, in contrast, citrus orchards are the main reservoir for FCM populations. These findings emphasize the importance of focussing SIR for FCM within the crop and on other, adjacent alien host plants, and not to dissipate releases into the surrounding and extensive natural vegetation.     

小菜蛾室内继代饲养技术及冷藏条件优化

为了优化小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)的人工饲养方法,在温度(25±1)℃、相对湿度60%～75%、光周期14 L∶10 D条件下,将浸泡过油菜汁液的卡片插入产卵瓶中,让小菜蛾在卡片上产卵,将更换下的卵卡放到小油菜(Brassica chinensis)苗上孵化饲养,结果得到大量发育良好、虫龄一致的小菜蛾幼虫,并且连续饲养多代种群未出现退化现象。该方法操作简单,实用性强,适合于小菜蛾的批量繁殖。根据试验要求,可采用低温冷藏方式调控小菜蛾的发育进度,在低温4～5℃条件下,卵和蛹的冷藏时间分别控制在20,15 d内为宜。     

林分因子与舞毒蛾危害程度的风险评估

研究了 12个影响舞毒蛾危害程度的林分因子 ,对这些林分因子对舞毒蛾危害程度进行逐步回归分析 ,从中筛选出主林层郁闭度、土壤瘠薄程度和林地面积 3个关键因子。结果表明 :土壤瘠薄程度与舞毒蛾危害程度呈正相关 ,其余 2个关键因子与舞毒蛾危害程度呈显著的负相关。用这 3个因子与舞毒蛾危害程度建立多元线形回归模型 ,该模型可对舞毒蛾危害程度进行风险评估。     

我国茶毛虫无公害防治的研究现状与展望

通过整理目前国内防治茶毛虫的相关研究报道,总结了我国茶毛虫无公害防治的研究进展,介绍了主要采用的几种无公害防控技术的内容与效果,并对后续的防治研究进行了展望。     

几种生物源农药对小菜蛾的防治效果

本文试验了6种药剂对小菜蛾的田间防效,其中高效氯氰菊酯效果不理想,生物源农药印楝素、Bt、阿维菌素及其混剂对小菜蛾的防治效果较好,最高防效均达到90%以上,在蔬菜生产中值得应用和推广。     

Physiological Basis of Yield in Moth Bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] Under Rainfed Conditions

Physiological analysis of yielding ability in moth bean varieties under rainfed condition revealed that in spite of sufficient amount of dry matter production, the crop is a poor seed yielder. Late varieties produced higher amounts of dry matter and seed. The low yield in this crop is owing to low net assimilation rate (NAR) during the reproductive phase and poor migration coefficient of assimilates towards seeds. Leaf area expansion was maximum during reproductive phase. Stomatal components were not evident to limit the NAR under rainfed condition. Varietal differences were observed with respect to transpiration. Temporal variations in leaf water potential, osmotic potential and pressure potential were recorded. It is concluded that in moth bean the improvement in seed yield is possible by increasing current photosynthetic rate during the reproductive phase and can be achieved by changing the crop canopy structure for better utilization of light. Effort should also be made to improve harvest index in this crop.