南京市蛾类区系种类组成的变化及分析

通过1980~1982年和2004~2006年2次普查结果,编制出了"南京市区蛾类名录"。在对这2次采获的蛾类种类及若干主要种进行比较发现,南京市区在20 a间,其区系种类组成及若干重要经济虫种的发生、发展情况,都发生了显著变化。该文还就发生显著变化的原因进行了深入地分析。     

《飞蛾之死》的文体学解读

通过对弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙的散文《飞蛾之死》的文体学解读，说明文中的语言选择并非随机性的，而是为揭示其生死本质这一主题服务的。文中的语言手段起到了丰富文章内涵、深化文章主题的作用。因此，文体学解读有助于揭示散文的主题。     

用米蛾卵饲养捕虱管蓟马

捕虱管蓟马(Aleurodothrips fasciapennis)是多种蚧壳虫、桔云翅粉虱,黑刺粉虱和桔全爪螨的有效捕食性天敌。用米蛾卵作为饲料饲养捕虱管蓟马,可完成个体发育并产卵繁殖。与用白轮蚧壳虫的爬虫作饲料在室内试验比较,在发育历期。死亡率、雌性比、产卵量,成虫寿命及体形大小等方面,均较理想。在室内条件下,米蛾卵更适于用作繁殖捕虱管蓟马的饲料。这对于研究捕虱管蓟马的生物学、生态学以至田间散放应用是有利的。     

美国白蛾预测预报的研究

本文对美国白蛾发生期和发育进度进行了观察记载:越冬代成虫羽化期为4月下旬,羽化高峰在5月上、中旬。第一代卵期平均13.9天,5月上旬开始孵化,5月下旬为孵化盛期,也是一龄幼虫网幕出现盛期;幼虫期平均33.2天,蛹期平均为11.46天;7月初开始羽化,雌雄性比1:1.18。测定越冬蛹发育起点温度为13.34℃,有效积温为170.02日度。以此对第一代发生期进行了虫情预报。平均温度法在进行中、长期测报上具有参考价值。美国白蛾雄成虫趋光性明显,用灯光监测越冬代成虫出现期和诱杀其成虫是行之有效的方法。     

利用森得保粉剂防治褐顶毒蛾的林间药效试验

褐顶毒蛾近期在云南省红河州爆发成灾.为了寻求更有效的防治措施,在河口县开展了利用森得保粉剂防治褐顶毒蛾的林间药效试验.试验结果表明,褐顶毒蛾对森得保粉剂非常敏感,3种浓度的森得保粉剂林间防治药效达81.7%～95.9%,防治时建议使用2 500 g/hm2和5 000 g/hm2这2种用药量.     

Toxicity,persistence and efficacy of indoxacarb and two other insecticides on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) immatures in cabbage

Toxicities of indoxacarb on eggs and 5-day-old larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., on cabbage and those of field-aged leaf residues on 5-day-old larvae were determined in the laboratory. The persistence and efficacies of indoxacarb and two other newer insecticides (spinosad and emamectin benzoate) to P. xylostella were tested under field conditions. Results from laboratory bioassays indicate that indoxacarb was highly toxic to P. xylostella larvae through food ingestion, with LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of 24.1 and 90.1 mg AI l ^{- 1}, respectively. However, indoxacarb had no significant effects on eggs and larvae through direct contact compared with water control. The toxicity of field-aged leaf residues of indoxacarb (0-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 10-, 14-, 17- and 21-day-old residues) declined slowly and gradually under the field conditions in South Texas. Almost all larvae died on day 5 after feeding on the leaves with 0 - 14-day residue, and the mortalities were as high as 94 and 78% for the 14- and 17-day-old leaf residues. With one application, indoxacarb suppressed P. xylostella larvae below the economic threshold for 14 - 21 days. Two field trials showed that indoxacarb at 0.05 - 0.07 kg AI ha ^{- 1} was effective against P. xylostella, providing marketable cabbage with three applications per season. In addition, indoxacarb was as effective as spinosad, and significantly more effective than emamectin benzoate.     

凉水自然保护区原始阔叶红松林蛾类群落结构及季节动态1）

为研究小兴安岭阔叶红松林蛾类群落组成结构及季节动态,2013年和2014年6—9月份,通过灯诱法对阔叶红松林蛾类群落进行系统的调查。共采集蛾类样本8919头,分属26科394种,夜蛾科和尺蛾科为优势类群;不同时期蛾类群落相似性均为极不相似,优势种组成具有极大的差异,各时期群落特有种均较多;蛾类物种多样性指数和丰富度均在夏季达最大值,均匀度指数在秋季达最大值,多样性指数与丰富度指数时间变化趋势为显著的正相关;种－多度分析表明,除生长季末期外均表现为对数正态分布。凉水自然保护区阔叶红松林生态系统蛾类群落组成季节差异较大,群落结构均较为稳定,环境条件较为优越。     

The effect of grape vine cultivars on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lobesia botrana</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) population levels

The European vine moth Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a key pest in the vineyards of Israel and Europe. Traps baited with the female sex pheromone are commonly used to monitor the pest population. However, the role of the vine cultivars on monitoring the moth population using pheromone-baited traps was not yet studied. The present study aimed to identify the effect of grape cultivars on L. botrana adult distribution patterns in the field, in order to achieve a better understanding of the monitored data in respect to male and female’s host preference. The 3-year study in commercial vineyards used four cultivars: Carignan, Emerald Riesling, French Colombard, and Cabernet Sauvignon. The moth population of each generation was estimated from male counts in pheromone traps; three generations were observed in all experimental orchards, each year. Female host choice was studied by monitoring freshly deposited eggs and newly hatched larvae on vines. The study showed a significant effect of cultivar on numbers of trapped males in most years, and a cultivar effect on female host choice. For both males and females and for all phenological stages of the grapes, Carignan and French Colombard attracted the most and Cabernet Sauvignon the fewest specimens. The results show that cultivar blend within the vineyard can affect the distribution pattern of the pest. Knowledge of the expected choice of the female moth, and of the timing of its decision could lead to an improved monitoring system, with the preferred cultivar as an indicator.     

LED光源对蝴蝶兰花卉生长发育影响研究进展

通过文献调研与实际调查,综述了近年来国内外LED光源对蝴蝶兰光合特性、组织培养、幼苗生长、花芽分化、花期调控等方面影响的研究进展,并展望了LED光源在蝴蝶兰生产应用上今后的研究方向。     

广西玉林市东郊区蛾类多样性调查

2008年3月至2009年3月,对玉林市东郊区的蛾类进行了采集调查,共获得蛾类标本1 271只,鉴定出有蛾类184种,隶属于20科131属。其中,夜蛾科42属60种,灯蛾科14属26种,天蛾科10属15种,毒蛾科5属13种,斑蛾科4属5种,拟灯蛾科1属2种,螟蛾科16属17种,枯叶蛾科2属4种,尺蛾科17属18种,舟蛾科5属6种,大蚕蛾科3属5种,木蠹蛾科1属1种,蚕蛾科1属1种,卷蛾科1属1种,鹿蛾科2属2种,燕蛾科1属1种,虎蛾科1属2种,波纹蛾科1属1种,带蛾科2属2种,钩蛾科2属2种。根据调查结果,对该地区的蛾类分类和数量特征、蛾类各种指标、优势种类及其区系结构等进行了分析。