Genetics of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Summary The genetics of resistance to bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) was studied in an 8×8 complete diallel cross of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. The 28F₁ hybrids, their reciprocals, and eight parents were artificially inoculated with BGMV under glasshouse conditions. Data were recorded and analyzed for foliar yellowing, plant dwarfing, flower abortion, and pod formation, using a randomized complete block design with two replications.General combining ability (GCA) mean squares were highly significant (P<0.01) and larger than values for specific combining ability for all traits. Reciprocal and maternal effects were nonsignificant. Cultivars Royal Red and Alubia Cerrillos possessed significant negative and positive GCA for all traits, respectively. Porrillo Sintetico also had negative GCA for all traits except plant dwarfing. None of the GCA effects were significant for Great Northern 31 and PVA 1111. Positive associations existed among all traits studied.     

The genetic variability,inheritance and inter-relationships of ascorbic acid, β-carotene,phenol and anthocyanin content in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is rich source of dietary antioxidants, minerals and nutrients. Dietary antioxidants have been known as beneficial for enhancing the fitness, preventing certain diseases and even mitigating the effects of ageing. The objectives of the present study were to determine variability and inheritance of antioxidants, to identify antioxidant rich and productive genotypes, and to suggest suitable breeding approaches. The genotypes, namely Ofra, Chandler, Festival and Camarosa showed higher concentrations of dietary antioxidants and therefore could be useful in future breeding. Results indicate that the effect of the genotypes on antioxidant contents is stronger than that of the environment. The high heritability (>80%) and low genetic advance as percentage of mean (<40%) for ascorbic acid and β-carotene contents could be improved by heterosis breeding. However, selection and hybridization would be effective tools to enhance the phenols and anthocyanin content, and yield potential as these traits showed high heritability (>80%) and high genetic advance as percentage of mean (>40%). Positive direct effect on fruit yield was highest for phenol content (0.609) which is also fairly close to its correlation coefficient (0.765) indicating that a direct selection based on phenol content would be most effective and that the phenol content could be used as a reliable biochemical marker to identify the productive genotypes having higher amounts of dietary antioxidants. The information could also be used for developing antioxidant rich cultivars, i.e. ‘Breeding Strawberry for High Antioxidants’.     

陕西线辣椒育种研究进展与展望

本文概述了陕西线辣椒的发展历史,及其种质资源、育种目标、育种方法的研究进展;同时提出了对未来育种研究的展望。     

罗氏沼虾育苗循环水处理技术与模式

将育苗用水经消毒及沉淀处理后作为试验基础用水,应用泡沫分离器、经预处理的生物滤器和紫外线消毒器等处理罗氏沼虾育苗循环水,使水质得到了有效控制。试验期间,对照池以大量换水及用药等传统方式维持水质,而试验池未曾用药和换水,较对照池节约水67.5%;试验池主要水质指标变化范围如下:NH3 Nm:0～0.010mg·L-1,NO2- N:0.01～0.63mg·L-1,pH:7.48～8.37,CODMn:5.42～12.25mg·L-1,细菌总数:(4.2～130)×103cell·mL-1,弧菌数:(0.2～20)×102cell·mL-1;试验组出苗率为40%,高出对照组33.3%。生产性育苗试验中,试验池与对照池均获得了30%的出苗率。据试验结果及罗氏沼虾育苗特点,提出了处理罗氏沼虾育苗循环水的技术与模式。     

化学杂交剂在植物育种中的应用现状

对化学杂交剂的主要研究工作进行了综述,重点讨论化学杂交剂作用机理、存在问题及在牧草杂交育种中应用的可能性。化学杂交剂的发展经历了对已知植物生长调节剂诱导作物雄性不育的研究、专门开发新化学杂交剂化合物和应用化学杂交剂育种3个阶段。化学杂交剂的作用机理目前还不是很清楚。资料表明,化学杂交剂EXP可以阻止油菜Brassica campestris体内支链氨基酸缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸的合成,致使雄性败育;SC2053、BAU-2、GENESIS使小麦Triticum aestivum花粉生活力下降、降低花药脯氨酸含量和酶活性等可致雄性不育。化学杂交剂在牧草育种上应用不多,主要集中在去雄效率的探讨上,在杂交育种获得杂交种子方面研究不多。     

种草养畜与草场建设综合配套技术

畜牧业快速发展,对于牧草资源需求量越来越大,为更好地满足畜牧业发展需求,我国提出“种草养畜”技术理念,加快草场建设,能在保障畜牧养殖业稳定发展的同时,达到良好的生态环保效益。该文分析种草养畜技术理念的意义,着重探讨种草养畜和草场建设综合配套技术。     

BMY牛的选育进展

总结了经历20多年选育的BMY牛所取得的进展,再通过3～5年的努力将完成BMY牛的培育,届时BMY牛将是一个适应我国南方炎热地区的热带肉牛新品种.     

Genetic analysis of racing performance in Irish greyhounds

The aim of this study was to analyse racing performance data in Irish greyhounds with regard to genetic and environmental variation. Estimation of heritabilities for racing time (RT) and ranking, and the prediction of breeding values for all greyhounds in the investigated data were carried out. Data from 42,785 races in Ireland in the years 2000-2003 were available. These results were obtained from 42,880 greyhounds on 20 race tracks over a distance of 480 m. Three traits were analysed, RT, ranking and a scaled logarithmic function for RT (ART), which was used to adjust racing time to be normally distributed. The data were analysed with a bivariate animal model. The estimated heritabilities were moderate for RT (0.31) and ART (0.38), but very low for ranking (0.10). The repeatabilities were 0.56 (RT), 0.51 (ART) and 0.13 (ranking). The genetic correlations were very high, 0.99 (RT-ranking) and 0.96 (ART-ranking), while the phenotypic correlation was lower, 0.60 (RT-ranking) and 0.62 (ART-ranking). The genetic trend for the traits as well as the phenotypic change of the average RT was positive.     

草莓产区种苗生产问题调研分析——以江苏省东海县草莓产区为例

近年草莓种苗质量问题越来越受到行业内的重视,在一些种植年限久、规模大的种植区内尤为明显。本文通过对江苏省东海县草莓产区考察调研,了解近年生产苗使用状况,并对育苗过程中存在的主要问题及原因进行了分析。结果显示,当地外购生产苗占相当比例且来源地广泛,受苗木质量等问题影响,近年首批生产苗定植成活率明显下降;夏季育苗成功率较低,种苗退化及病害问题较为突出,育苗田状况、苗期管理技术等需要进一步提升。文章从保障优质种苗供应、规范提升育苗方法及加强育苗组织化程度等方面提出了相关具体意见措施,以为改善草莓种苗生产供应状况提供参考。     

基于粪便分子生物学技术的中国马鹿分子生态学研究进展

中国马鹿分为东北亚种、天山亚种、塔里木亚种、甘肃亚种、川西亚种、阿拉善亚种、西藏亚种和阿尔泰亚种。根据文献资料系统性总结了以粪便为研究材料对中国马鹿各个亚种的分子生态学的研究现状,展望了中国马鹿分子生态学需要研究的问题;具体介绍了马鹿分子生态学中研究很少的亲权鉴定、近亲交配和家域利用方面的研究现状并提出了进一步的研究趋势。为中国马鹿的种群恢复、保护管理以及科学研究提供依据。