芸薹属蔬菜霜霉病研究概况及进展

霜霉病是世界范围内芸薹属蔬菜生产中常见的重要病害,病原菌为卵菌门无色霜霉属寄生无色霜霉(Hyaloperonos poraparasitica),叶片是病菌最主要的为害部位,植株发病后叶片出现枯黄症状,导致芸薹属蔬菜品质和产量下降,严重时可减产20%~60%,造成大量的经济损失,制约我国芸薹属蔬菜产业的发展。虽然霜霉病为害严重,但目前对于芸薹属霜霉病的发生规律和防治方法的认知还存在不足。本文从芸薹属蔬菜霜霉病的发生为害、防治措施、抗性遗传规律、分子标记等方面对其研究现状进行总结概括,并对未来芸薹属霜霉病的研究方向进行展望,旨在为相关研究提供参考。     

广州桑树植原体分子检测及多样性初探

采用植原体16S-23S rDNA区段的通用引物对P1/P7和巢式引物对Rm16F2/Rm16R1,建立了快速准确的桑树植原体巢式PCR检测技术。对广州的两个桑树品种资源圃中的部分桑树品种进行了植原体分子检测,结果在两个资源圃中均发现有植原体存在。对巢式PCR的扩增产物(16S rDNA片段)进行了限制性片断长度多态性(RFLP)分析,显示出3种RFLP带型,暗示桑树植原体存在多样性。对所得植原体16S rDNA片段进行序列测定,并与其它植物植原体作亲缘关系分析,结果表明该植原体的16S rDNA序列与其它植物病原植原体之间的同源性为83.3%~99.9%,并初步判断所检测到的桑树植原体属于16S rI组。     

南阳牛分子标记研究进展

分子标记技术的开发利用在家畜育种中起着越来越重要的作用.南阳黄牛是中国地方良种黄牛之一.近些年来,已在DNA水平上对南阳牛进行了大量的研究,涉及到南阳牛的分子群体遗传特征及起源进化、经济性状分子遗传标记及相关功能基因多态性研究等.本文对南阳牛分子标记研究方面的成就作了综述,以便促进南阳牛的保护、利用和发展.使传统育种和分子标记辅助选择相结合,推动了南阳牛的育种进程.     

西藏拉萨地区5000a来古气候古环境变迁

根据西藏拉萨桑达第四系剖面的研究,采用植硅体、分子化石等气候待用指标,并配以TL测年,探讨了拉萨地区5000a来气候及环境变迁.结果表明:1)在5.889Ka.BP-2.3 Ka.BP,植硅体形态类型为齿形-平滑棒型、石屑型、网脊块状,反映的植被景观为森林-草原景观,气候温凉;C27+C29/C31+C33值>1,木本...     

Genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis by geographic location within Mexico

The spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) method was used to differentiate 62 Mycobacterium bovis isolates obtained from tissues with macroscopic lesions typical of tuberculosis in dairy cattle from different regions of Mexico. Our purpose was to see if a strain from one region was genetically different from those of other regions (with the long-term aim of doing molecular trace back of isolates obtained in the laboratory). Results from the genetic analysis indicate that M. bovis isolates cannot be grouped by geographic location due to a wide range of genetic types involved in dairy cattle infections. Isolates even from the same herd showed different spoligotypes but some isolates from different region had similar genetic patterns. Genetic typing without epidemiologic information does not seem to be a plausible method to trace back animals to source of origin to detect and eliminate sources of infection.     

Bioinformatically mined simple sequence repeats in UniGene of Citrus sinensis

Characterization of microsatellites is extremely important for the development of molecular markers. Here, we present the detection and abundance of microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in UniGene sequences of Citrus sinensis. A total of 427 SSRs were mined in 8786 UniGene sequences downloaded from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Depending on the repeat units, the length of SSRs ranged from 14 to 21 for mono-, 14 to 48 for di-, 18 to 48 for tri-, 24 to 40 for tetra- and 42 bp for hexa-nucleotide repeats. Average density of SSRs (1SSR/12.92 kb of 5518.71 kb sequences mined) suggests that only 4.43% of sequences contained SSRs. Di-nucleotide repeats were most frequent repeat type (49.41%) followed by tri-nucleotide repeats (41.45%). An attempt was made to design primer pairs for 427 identified SSRs but these were found only for 216 sequences. The positions of SSRs with respect to open reading frame (ORF) detected and annotation of sequences containing SSRs were also carried out to assign function to each of the sequences.     

动物性别决定的分子机理及性别鉴定与控制新技术

哺乳动物中位于Ｙ染色体短臂临界区域的ＳＲＹ基因启动雄性性状的发育。该基因在生殖腺脊中的表达可激发下游基因ＭＬＳ的转录,引起缪氏体抑制物和睾酮分泌,促使睾丸组织器官的发育。针对该基因制备特异探针或产该区域片段得到引物对就可用ＦＩＳＨ或ＰＣＲ准确,快速鉴定出植入母体前的胚胎性别,以及对精子筛选分离的结果作出准确评价。与ＰＣＲ相比,ＦＩＳＨ技术更具检测优势。     

高等植物小孢子胚胎发生的细胞和分子生化机制研究进展

小孢子胚胎发生的细胞学研究已取得了显著进展,并分离鉴定出一些小孢子胚胎发生表达的胚胎专一基因,但小孢子胚胎发生的机理尚未完全明确。综述了高等植物小孢子胚胎发生的细胞学以及分子和生物化学方面的最新研究进展,旨为进一步揭示小孢子的胚胎发生机理提供十分有用的信息。     

论话题标记之“语序”

“语序”是标示句子话题的重要标志。受事成分前置是众所周知的话题化的手段；另外一些时间词前置其本身就成了一个语域式话题，一些副词和前置关联词的位置变化通常看似并不影响旬义，其实这种语序的变化都有标示话题的作用。