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蔬菜茎叶青绿多汁,适口性好,含有丰富的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维,是牲畜的优质饲料.然而,除了小部分作为青绿饲料直接饲喂动物外,大部分蔬菜茎叶下脚料被遗弃或抛弃,这不仅造成资源浪费,而且造成环境污染.通过青贮等方式将蔬菜茎叶加工成动物饲料,既可以提高其利用价值,又可以取得良好的社会效益.对蔬菜茎叶混合青贮技术、影响青贮效果的因素及其在养殖业中的应用进行了综述. 相似文献
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除草剂混合标准溶液中标准物质稳定性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取德国DR公司生产的28种除草剂标准物质,将其配制成混合标准溶液后转移至20 mL带聚四氟乙烯衬盖的棕色螺口样品瓶中,于-18℃避光贮存,采用液相色谱串联质谱法测试各组分量值随贮存时间的变化。结果表明:在90天内,标准物质各组分量值的标准偏差在12~73μg/L范围内,最大相对标准偏差为3.04%(n=5),测量结果的相对不确定度小于5.60%。在置信度为95%时,标准物质各组分量值在(1 000±113)μg/L范围内,测量的偏差不显著。在不超过标准物质的有效期内,稀释混合分装后的标准物质可保存90天。 相似文献
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Soil respiration is the largest terrestrial source of CO2 to the atmosphere. In forests, roughly half of the soil respiration is autotrophic (mainly root respiration) while the remainder is heterotrophic, originating from decomposition of soil organic matter. Decomposition is an important process for cycling of nutrients in forest ecosystems. Hence, tree species induced changes may have a great impact on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Since studies on the combined effects of beech-spruce mixtures are very rare, we firstly measured CO2 emission rates in three adjacent stands of pure spruce (Picea abies), mixed spruce-beech and pure beech (Fagus sylvatica) on three base-rich sites (Flysch) and three base-poor sites (Molasse; yielding a total of 18 stands) during two summer periods using the closed chamber method. CO2 emissions were higher on the well-aerated sandy soils on Molasse than on the clayey soils on Flysch, characterized by frequent water logging. Mean CO2 effluxes increased from spruce (41) over the mixed (55) to the beech (59) stands on Molasse, while tree species effects were lower on Flysch (30-35, mixed > beech = spruce; all data in mg CO2-C m−2 h−1). Secondly, we studied decomposition after fourfold litter manipulations at the 6 mixed species stands: the Oi - and Oe horizons were removed and replaced by additions of beech -, spruce - and mixed litter of the adjacent pure stands of known chemical quality and one zero addition (blank) in open rings (20 cm inner diameter), which were covered with meshes to exclude fresh litter fall. Mass loss within two years amounted to 61-68% on Flysch and 36-44% on Molasse, indicating non-additive mixed species effects (mixed litter showed highest mass loss). However, base cation release showed a linear response, increasing from the spruce - over the mixed - to the beech litter. The differences in N release (immobilization) resulted in a characteristic converging trend in C/N ratios for all litter compositions on both bedrocks during decomposition. In the summers 2006 and 2007 we measured CO2 efflux from these manipulated areas (a closed chamber fits exactly over such a ring) as field indicator of the microbial activity. Net fluxes (subtracting the so-called blank values) are considered an indicator of litter induced changes only and increased on both bedrocks from the spruce - over the mixed - to the beech litter. According to these measurements, decomposing litter contributed between 22-32% (Flysch) and 11-28% (Molasse) to total soil respiration, strengthening its role within the global carbon cycle. 相似文献
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山东省菏泽市及周边地区玉米种植广泛,全株玉米青贮用于养殖牛羊越来越多,为选择出高产优质全株青贮玉米品种,采取随机区组设计,从多个玉米品种中选择7个进行种植试验,对各品种收获期、株高、鲜重、干重、粗蛋白质含量等生产性能和营养指标进行测定。从筛选试验结果来看,渝青386号植株高大、双果穗多、果穗饱满,抗逆性好,可消化营养物质含量高,干物质产量达到18402.67 kg·hm^-2,收割时粗蛋白质含量为8.59%,适合菏泽市及周边地区青贮玉米种植。玉米品种奥玉5102号、先禾518号和大京九4059号也相对较好。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, energy and amino acid profile of dried salmon silage (DSS) for broilers. The DSS was obtained by acid digestion of salmon mortalities and subsequently co‐dried with wheat bran in a 70:30 ratio (70 parts silage and 30 parts wheat bran). Samples of DSS were evaluated for chemical composition, gross energy, nitrogen‐corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn), mineral content, total and digestible amino acids for broilers, and amino acid score. The chemical composition of DSS was (mean ± SD): moisture (12.3 ± 0.8%), crude protein (44.0 ± 1.1%), ether extract (5.0 ± 2.4%), crude fiber (3.3 ± 0.4%) and ash (9.4 ± 0.6%). The gross energy and TMEn for broilers were 4 069 kcal/kg and 2 613 kcal/kg, respectively. The DSS mineral composition showed a high content of calcium (1.01%) and phosphorus (1.08%). The DSS had high levels of digestible methionine (0.74%), lysine (2.27%), and threonine (1.16%), and did not present limiting amino acids for broilers. Nutritional composition of DSS showed high protein content with an amino acid profile considered to be suitable as a protein source for broiler feeding. 相似文献