中草药验方对乏情母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验选择由卵巢机能失调、子宫炎、阴道炎为主要原因引起的乏情母猪,通过中草药制剂和西药促性腺激素进行催情治疗的效果比较。证实了中草药验方对乏情母猪具有较好的提高繁殖性能的作用。     

绵羊BMPR-IB基因在分子标记育种中的应用效果

[目的]分析小尾寒羊、德国美利奴、德国美利奴(♂)和小尾寒羊(♀)杂交一代(简称DF1)共204 只个体的单核苷酸多态性及其与产羔数间的关系.[方法]以绵羊BMPR-IB 基因作为候选基因,采用PCR-sscp 检测方法.[结果]B等位基因在小尾寒羊、德国美利奴、德寒杂交一代中的频率分别为0.660、0.532和0.600,基因频率及基因型频率在3个群体间的分布差异不显著(P>0.05).BB、B+、++型的产羔数分别为2.86、2.27和2.08,BB 型显著高于B+ 和++ 型(P>0.05),B+ 型显著高于++ 型(P>0.05).[结论]在以小尾寒羊为母本的杂交育种过程中,B等位基因是有效的辅助标记基因.     

常量元素含量作为滩涂沉积物粒径参数替代指标的可行性分析

采用筛分-比重计法测定滩涂沉积物样品的粒度组成,同时利用X射线荧光分析测定其中Si、Al、Fe、Mg和K等常量元素的含量,通过建立二者之间的定量关系,探讨以滩涂沉积物常量元素组成作为粒径替代指标的可行性。结果表明:砂粒、粉粒、粘粒含量及粒径中值与常量元素含量之间有着十分显著的相关性,其中粘粒、粉粒含量及粒径中值与Al、Fe、Mg、K呈正相关,与Si含量呈负相关。砂粒含量则相反,与Al、Fe、Mg、K呈负相关,与Si含量呈正相关。利用常量元素含量预测滩涂沉积物粒径分布的关系建立的模型可行且结果可靠,对海洋科学和环境科学等领域具有良好的应用前景。     

种子大小和干旱胁迫对文冠果幼苗生长的影响

【目的】研究种子大小和干旱胁迫对文冠果种子发芽率和幼苗生长的影响,为文冠果育苗和人工林培育提供理论依据。【方法】以文冠果大种子(单粒种子质量1.0g)、中等种子(单粒种子质量0.6~1.0g)、小种子(单粒种子质量0.6g)为研究对象,采用室内完全随机试验方法,以聚乙二醇(PEG)-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫对各水势条件下(对照,-0.2,-0.6 MPa)不同大小文冠果种子的发芽率及幼苗生长状况、生物量积累与分配进行研究。【结果】种子大小和干旱胁迫对文冠果种子发芽率有显著影响,大种子相对于中等种子和小种子,具有更高的发芽率;在-0.2 MPa水分处理下,大种子发芽率为100%,中等种子和小种子发芽率分别为97.92%和94.79%;在-0.6MPa水分处理下,大种子发芽率为95.83%,而小种子发芽率为88.55%。种子大小和水分条件对文冠果幼苗生长量也有显著影响,大种子相对中等种子和小种子幼苗有较大的生长量;随着水势的降低,不同大小种子起源的文冠果幼苗生长量逐渐降低。种子大小和水分条件对文冠果幼苗生物量积累及分配均有显著影响,大种子相对中等种子和小种子幼苗有更大的生物量积累。在不同水分条件下,大种子幼苗将更多的生物量投入到了叶片,而小种子幼苗将更多的生物量投入到根系。【结论】在干旱地区文冠果播种造林中,尽可能选择种粒质量大于1.0g的种子以提高成活率。     

Optimising codend configuration in a multispecies demersal trawl fishery

Abstract The relative efficiencies and selectivities of conventional and modified codends were examined in a demersal trawl fishery targeting several species, including eastern king prawns, Penaeus plebejus (Hess), whiting, Sillago spp. and cephalopods. The modifications to codends included: (i) reducing the circumference; (ii) increasing the mesh size in conventional diamond‐mesh designs; and (iii) orientating meshes on the bar so that they were square shaped. The codends were tested against a fine‐meshed control in paired comparisons onboard three commercial trawlers. The conventional codend comprised 41‐mm diamond‐shaped mesh attached to an anterior extension section at a ratio of 150 to 100 meshes and was demonstrated to be non‐selective for the targeted species. Reducing codend circumference to 100 meshes and increasing the size of mesh to 45 mm both improved selection for eastern king prawns, but the lateral mesh openings were estimated to be insufficient to allow juveniles of the other key species to escape. By contrast, codends made from 35‐ and 41‐mm mesh hung on the bar improved the size selection for eastern king prawns and selected stout whiting, Sillago robusta (Stead) (the smallest commercial‐sized fish) across narrow selection ranges and at 50% sizes of retention (L₅₀s) that were closely correlated to the transverse morphology of fish and the maximum mesh opening. With the exception of a reduction in catches of octopus, Octopus spp., by the 41‐square codend, there were no other impacts on commercial catches by the square‐mesh designs. It was concluded that diamond‐mesh codends are inappropriate for use throughout this multispecies fishery and that a modified design comprising at least 35‐mm mesh hung on the bar is required to minimise the fishing mortality of unwanted sizes of the key target species. The results are discussed in terms of the utility of these types of modifications for closely regulating selection in penaeid‐shrimp trawls.     

基于注意力机制的小样本啤酒花病虫害识别

为提高啤酒花产业的品质和产量,针对于传统人工识别鉴定难度大,效率低和客观性不够,以及啤酒花病虫害识别无大型公开数据集等问题.本文提出一种基于软注意力机制的小样本啤酒花病虫害识别方法,对传统深度残差网络ResNet模型进行改进,并使用图像增强技术-直方图均衡化处理图片得到新的数据集.实验结果表明,在小样本情况下,相比于传...     

Random point sampling to detect gain and loss in tree canopy cover in response to urban densification

Urban tree canopy cover (UTC) is a simple, and common, measure of urban forest resource. Urban infill development is likely to lead to losses in UTC under private tenure, at a time when local governments are setting ambitious targets to increase UTC overall. Simple, statistically rigorous methods are required to benchmark and track change in UTC, whilst identifying which land-use types or tenures experience change.We estimated UTC in six Melbourne suburbs in 2010 and 2015 by randomly sampling 2000 points across public land, public streetscapes and private land. We were able to detect a net change in UTC of <2% over five years to a 95% level of confidence. A significant net decrease in UTC (−2.4%) was only detected in one of the six suburbs. Two suburbs had a net increase in UTC by +2.7% over five years. On private land, there was often areas of UTC loss, but this was generally offset by canopy gain in other areas of the private realm as well as in streetscapes and public land. Losses in UTC on private land were mainly due to tree removal, with or without subsequent construction works.This study describes a simple, but statistically rigorous, method to quantify UTC change and the drivers of change in different land-use types and tenure. Despite studying two suburbs will high rates of infill development, only one suburb showed evidence of net UTC decrease. The ‘dynamic equilibrium’ in UTC, whereby canopy losses area approximately offset by concurrent canopy gain, means that ambitious targets being set by local governments to increase UTC may be difficult to achieve without changes in tree protection and infill development policy and planning.     

西江鱼类群落多样性及其演变

该研究于2014年在西江封开段进行了8个月的渔获物调查,采集了526尾赤眼鳟 (Squaliobarbus curriculus) 的体长、体质量等生物学信息,利用体长频率分布估算赤眼鳟生长、死亡参数,并分析渔业资源利用状况。结果显示,赤眼鳟体长-体质量的幂函数关系参数a=0.028 8,b=2.858 2。von Bertalanffy生长参数渐近体长L_inf=74 cm,生长系数K=0.1,自然死亡系数M=0.19,总死亡系数Z=1.51,捕捞死亡系数F=1.32,开发率E=0.88。渔业资源量分析显示,2014年西江封开段赤眼鳟资源量为2 234 652尾、428.558 t。单位补充量渔获量 (Yield per recruit, YPR) 模型分析显示,当前赤眼鳟首次开捕体长为12.3 cm,F为1.32,YPR为1.89 g;当首次开捕体长调整为27.8 cm、F调整为0.45时,可获得YPR 7.76 g。当前赤眼鳟资源处于过度开发状态,建议将开捕体长设为27.8 cm,将捕捞强度降至0.45。

     

网式过滤器拦截率计算及其影响因素分析

为了使网式过滤器在工程应用中既保持滤网良好渗透率又提高滤网拦截率,该研究通过试验,分析了5种不同入口压强(0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10 MPa)、7种滤网孔径(125、150、180、210、250、300和350μm)及其与砂粒中值粒径的关系对过滤器拦截率的影响.结果表明:当滤网孔径与砂粒中值粒径...     

Sex‐dependent responses of perch to changes in water clarity and temperature

Rising temperatures and decreasing water transparency of lakes have strong wide ranging effects on fish. Fish responses to various changes in the environment are usually species‐dependent, but responses may also vary within species. In general, large individuals are considered to be more sensitive to environmental variation due to higher energy demand, than smaller individuals. Similarly, large individuals require more food to maintain bodily functions and are thus more sensitive to resource and food scarcity. These size‐specific responses to environmental gradients are also sex‐dependent in species that exhibit sexual size dimorphism (SSD). We studied in enclosures with short‐term experiments how rising temperatures and decreasing water transparency regulate the feeding rates of female and male European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). To explore experimental results, we calculated perch SSD in nine lakes with varying environmental conditions using previously collected field data. The results of the experiments revealed that the combined effect of water transparency and temperature on the feeding rate of fish is gender‐dependent: feeding rate of females decreased more than that of males. The experimental results were also supported by field data that revealed a negative relation between water transparency and the magnitude of SSD in perch. Our results suggest that rising temperatures and decreasing water transparency may potentially decrease fish size in a sex‐dependent manner. As female size is one of the main demographic traits determining the reproductive success of a fish population, changing environments may have unexpected and far‐reaching consequences on fish population dynamics.