基于PCA/APCS的草原区煤矿土壤重金属环境质量评价与定量溯源研究

为研究鄂尔多斯市草原区煤矿周边土壤重金属的污染来源及分布特征,本研究利用单因子指数、地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数对矿区土壤环境质量进行了评价,并基于相关性分析、主成分/绝对主成分受体模型开展污染溯源研究.结果表明:研究区主要潜在生态风险因子为汞,5种土地利用类型综合潜在生态危害处中等风险以上的占比由高至低依次为道路>建...     

平禹一矿立井深厚表土层普通法施工技术研究

本文经过钻孔资料分析和周边矿井的调查研究、判断对比,认为虽然平禹一矿立井掘进时表土层深厚,含水层、含砂层既多又厚,涌水量大,但不会形成流砂。只要采取针对性措施如采用外壁套挂、短段掘砌、快挖快进混合作业,采用堵、降、导、排、桩等联合治水,加强支护等完全可以采用普通法施工。本文详细阐述了平禹一矿立井施工技术,为以后类似条件的井筒施工提供了先进的施工经验,有着较好的社会经济效益和推广价值。     

Grundkalkung stark schwefelsaurer Kippsande des Braunkohlebergbaus – ein praxisnaher Technikversuch: Basic amelioration of acid sulphurous sandy mine soils of lignite mining – a technology experiment

Reclamation of acid sulphurous substrates of lignite mining needs amelioration with limestone. Good agronomic results are achieved with an amelioration depth of 100?cm. However, in reclamation practice the result of amelioration is often insufficient. Therefore, on the basis of a field experiment technological aspects of amelioration, especially of limestone incorporation, are discussed. On sandy mine soils a working depth of 100?cm is achieved with conventional deep rotary tillers. In contrast, even under favourable conditions none of the tested tillers ensures an adequate incorporation depth of limestone. With respect to the acidification potential of the substrates sufficient amounts of limestone are incorporated to a depth of 60?cm, below there is no appreciable effect on pH at present.     

Effects of heavy metals from mining and industry on some rivers in Poland: An already exploded chemical time bomb?

Upper Silesia has rich deposits of hard coal and substantial deposits of zinc, lead and iron ores. the watersheds of two rivers cut right through the zinc and lead ore mining region and most of the tailing drainage water is contaminated with heavy metals. in total, about 807 tyr-1 of zinc, 67t yr-1 of lead and 17 tyr-1 of cadmium are discharged with the drainage and process waste water. in the Upper Silesia many industrial plants also discharge waste water contaminated with heavy metals. the Bukowno Complex is the most important regional source of heavy metals and the Biala Przemsza River is the main receiver of waste waters from this complex. Measured data at a cross-section of this river are given. It is shown by a simplified calculation that lead and zinc are transported downstream to the Vistula River and later to the Baltic Sea, or are deposited in the river bed. It is shown that there are many other possible sources of heavy metals. Atmospheric deposition of metals on the surface leads to surface runoff, accumulation in plants, and subsequently discharge with animal or human excreta. Contaminated sediments will continue to pollute the overflowing river water, perhaps for centuries. Mobilization of heavy metals and factors affecting that process are discussed in relation to providing safe drinking water now and in the future. It is emphasized that the drinking water quality is already threatened.     

Carbon sequestration by forests and soils on mined land in the Midwestern and Appalachian coalfields of the U.S.

Carbon (C) accreditation of forest development projects is one approach for sequestering atmospheric CO₂, under the provisions of the Kyoto protocol. The C sequestration potential of reforested mined land is not well known. The purpose of this work was to estimate and compare the ecosystem C content in forests established on surface, coal-mined and non-mined land. We used existing tree, litter, and soil C data for fourteen mined and eight adjacent, non-mined forests in the Midwestern and Appalachian coalfields to determine the C sequestration potential of mined land reclaimed prior to the passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (1977). We developed statistically significant and biologically reasonable models for ecosystem C across the spectrum of site quality and stand age. On average, the highest amount of ecosystem C on mined land was sequestered in pine stands (148 Mg ha⁻¹), followed by hardwood (130 Mg ha⁻¹) and mixed stands (118 Mg ha⁻¹). Non-mined hardwood stands sequestered 210 Mg C ha⁻¹, which was about 62% higher than the average of all mined stands. Our mined land response surface models of C sequestration as a function of site quality and age explained 59, 39, and 36% of the variation of ecosystem C in mixed, pine, and hardwood stands, respectively. In pine and mixed stands, ecosystem C increased exponentially with the increase of site quality, but decreased with age. In mined hardwood stands, ecosystem C increased asymptotically with age, but it was not affected by site quality. At rotation age (60 yr), ecosystem C in mined hardwood stands was less on high quality sites, but similar for low quality sites compared to non-mined hardwood stands. The overall results indicated that the higher the original forest site quality, the less likely C sequestration potential was restored, and the greater the disparity between pre- and post-mining C sequestration stocks.     

东川播卡金矿周边地区昆虫资源调查分析

对东川播卡金矿周边地区昆虫资源调查的结果表明,在鉴定类群中,以鞘翅目(COLEOPTER)种类最多,有19科84种;物种数量占所有昆虫种总数的39.1%;鳞翅目(LEPIDOPTERA)次之,有17科55种,物种数量占25.6%。昆虫种类及分布与其生境和植被类型有关,在海拔1 000~2 500m的中山地带昆虫种类最为丰富。东川播卡周边地区是我国特有种三尾褐凤蝶Sinonitis thaidina tongchuanensisLee的主要分布区。三尾褐凤蝶是国家II级保护物种,同时亦是珍稀蝶类,该地区开发建设时应注意保护。     

大红山铁矿林草植被水土保持效益的研究

以裸地为对照,分别对土壤物理性状及土壤的渗透性,土壤中含水量的动态变化,地表径流及土壤流失量等进行了定点定量观测。研究结果表明,林地与草地能有效改善土壤物理性状、增强土壤渗透性和降低土壤水分含量;能通过提高土壤抗蚀性、改善土壤养分含量来充分发挥水土保持效益。研究结果还表明,林地和草地减少侵蚀效益较好,裸地的土壤流失最严重。与裸地相比,林地和草地对地表径流的控制率达到63%～89%,对土壤流失的控制率达到69%～94%。     

金属尾矿砂的改良和植被重建研究进展

针对金属尾矿砂的理化性状以及所带来的环境影响进行了简要介绍和评述,着重从改良的角度论述了我国治理修复金属矿区尾矿砂的研究进展、存在的问题和将来的发展方向。     

重庆市矿山环境治理现状及保护对策

重庆市经历几十年的矿产资源开发,严重的矿山环境问题和诱发日益频繁的次生地质灾害,已经影响到区域社会和经济的发展。该文概述了重庆市矿山环境治理现状及存在的主要问题,探讨了矿山地质环境治理的对策和建议,并提出具体防治措施。     

茶树硼素营养研究现状与展望

硼是植物生长发育所必需的营养元素之一,在植物体内起着非常重要的作用,缺硼会严重影响植物的生长发育。本文就近年来国内外茶树硼素的研究进展进行了综述,并对今后茶树硼素营养的研究方向进行了展望。