Linear stability analysis of thermocapillary convection oflow Prandtl number fluid in an annular pool

This study uses the linear stability analysis to understand the transition characteristics of thermocapillary convection in an annular pool with low Prandtl number (Pr=0.011) fluid. The annular pool is heated from the outer cylindrical wall and cooled at the inner wall. The bottom and top surfaces are adiabatic. The results show that with the increase of the aspect ratio, the critical Marangoni number and the critical wave number decrease. When the aspect ratio exceeds 0.12, the critical wave number keeps almost constant. With the increase of the radius ratio, the critical Marangoni number decreases slightly, while the critical wave number increases.     

水稻突变体W33高位分蘖特性利用价值研究

为探讨水稻突变体材料W33高位分蘖特性在水稻育种上的利用价值。以野生型水稻恢复系R818及其高节位分蘖突变体W33为试验材料,用盆栽试验研究R818和W33的植株、分蘖和穗部性状差异,用大田栽培控制性试验比较R818和W33分蘖、产量构成性状及子粒产量差异,测得参试材料各性状数据。结果表明,生长前期W33和R818株高、主茎叶均长无明显差异,中后期二者株高、主茎叶均长渐显显著或极显著差异;W33单株平均分蘖数是R818的7.5~8.8倍,平均有效穗数是R818的8.6倍,分蘖平均成穗率与R818相当,但单穗穗长、枝梗数和着粒数明显低于R818,而千粒重与R818无明显差异;W33和R818单株籽粒产量均随密度增大而降低,并以最低密度条件下最高,最高密度条件下最低;尽管W33单穗产量明显低于R818,但在相同栽插密度条件下,W33和R818群体产量差异不显著(F=3.7868<F_0.05,1,4);在一定密度范围内,W33能充分发挥其旺盛的分蘖力和较高的成穗率优势,以弥补单穗产量较低的缺陷,其群体产量最终达到与R818相当的水平。说明W33旺盛的分蘖力和较高的分蘖成穗率特性在水稻育种上具有一定的利用价值。     

Application of Multivector Algebra in Real Space-time to Set Pair Analysis

The contact number is an important mathematical tool of systems theory and methods in the monograph Set Pair Analysis and Its Preliminary Applications written by Zhao Keqin for unitizedly processing the uncertainties due to the fuzzy, stochastic, intermediate and information uncomplete about something. The article applies the multivector algebra which is isomorphism with the real Dirac algebra in the real space-time adopted by Venzo de Sabbata to the contact number of set pair analysis, and consequently, the contact number is generalized correspondingly.     

种植密度及留叶数对津引品种‘KRK26’主要经济性状的影响

为探索津引品种‘KRK26’在云南省昭通市的栽培技术,研究种植密度和留叶数对其主要经济性状的影响。结果表明：以株行距为120 cm×55 cm、留叶数为21片的处理的产量、产值和产指最高;以株行距为120 cm×55 cm、留叶数为23片的处理的均价、级指和上等烟比例最高。在昭通市种植津引品种‘KRK26’以采用行距120 cm、株距55 cm、留叶数21~23片的栽培措施较适宜。     

Prediction of grain protein in spring malting barley grown in northern Europe

The ability to predict grain protein concentration at harvest (CP) in Swedish malting barley (Hordeum distichum) from observations of soil conditions, sowing day, fertilisation rate, remote sensing at early stem elongation and the temperature sum during grain filling, was tested for two cultivars; Astoria (Secobra, France) and Wikingett (Svalöf-Weibulls, Sweden) in 16 fertilisation trials in southern Sweden, encompassing 3 years (2001–2003). Fertilisation was applied either as a single dose at sowing, or as both a starting application and an application at early stem elongation. The highest total application rate was 160 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹. The soil was analysed for phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium in the layer 0–0.3 m, and mineral N down to 0.6 m. Canopy reflectance observations at BBCH 32 was used to calculate a vegetation index (TCARI(32)) to reflect the canopy (leaf and straw) chlorophyll concentration. Harvested grain CP correlated only marginally with the observed soil variables. It was, however, for a specific cultivar, possible to make a prediction of grain CP based on day of sowing and TCARI(32) with . Part of the sowing day effect might be due to thermal stress during grain filling, as the risk for high temperatures during this phase was higher when sowing was late. This might also explain why the introduction of accumulated temperature during grain filling, into a model already including sowing day and TCARI(32) as independent variables, did not improve the predictability of grain CP.     

不同施肥条件下微生物对棕壤团聚体和碳分布的影响

以北京市延庆县绿富隆有机肥蔬菜研究基地长期定位肥料试验地为试验平台,利用湿筛法获得不同粒级的团聚体,通过16SrDNA-PCR-DGGE技术进行测序分析,研究不同施肥条件下微生物群落对棕壤土团聚体和碳分布的影响。结果表明,有机肥(OF)处理的0.25～2 mm水稳性团聚体增加,增加幅度为109.0%;0.053～0.25 mm和小于0.053 mm粒级团聚体的含量均下降,与CK(不施肥)相比分别下降了31.9%和142.1%。OF处理对土壤各粒级团聚体中碳含量均有显著提高,与CK相比,提高15.2%～46.9%,其中大于2 mm团聚体中碳含量提高了46.9%。棕壤碳含量与大于2 mm粒级团聚体含量呈正相关;与0.25～2 mm粒级团聚体呈极显著正相关;与0.053～0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量呈极显著负相关;与小于0.053 mm粒级团聚体呈显著负相关。     

先旱后涝胁迫下水稻茎蘖及株高动态响应

为了解先旱后涝胁迫下水稻的茎蘖和株高生长动态,采用测坑试验方法研究先旱后涝胁迫对水稻分蘖数和株高的影响,根据分蘖变化拟合分析了水稻茎蘖消长动力学模型,根据株高动态变化拟合了Logistic增长模型.试验结果表明:先旱后涝胁迫过程在分蘖期和拔节孕穗期均不同程度地抑制水稻分蘖;水稻在分蘖期、拔节孕穗期及抽穗开花期受涝可促进株高增长,在分蘖期、拔节孕穗期及抽穗开花期受旱则抑制株高增长;茎蘖消长动力学模型较好地拟合了茎蘖消长的过程,具有实践意义;Logistic模型拟合株高动态变化拟合度也较高,且适用合理.研究结果可为合理制定灌溉方案和提高水稻产量提供依据.     

Screening of Ethiopian sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) landraces for their performance under Striga hermonthica ‐infested conditions

Striga hermonthica is a major constraint to sorghum production and productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa, Ethiopia, in particular. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of 49 sorghum genotypes based on their reaction to S. hermonthica and investigate the relationships among yield and Striga resistance traits, including the Striga emergence count, area under Striga number progress curve, area under Striga severity progress curve, grain yield under infested, grain yield under non‐infested conditions and relative yield loss. The genotypes differed significantly in all measured parameters under Striga‐infested and non‐infested conditions. The genotypes ‘Birhan’, ‘Gubiye’, Wolegie, Zegerie, Nechmashila I, Woftel, Tetron and Eyssa were identified as promising ones based on grain yield and Striga‐related traits. On the other hand, the genotypes Jamyo, Bobie, Gedido, Mankebar and Zengada had moderate Striga numbers with low relative yield loss as compared with susceptible checks. The most promising variety, Zegerie, Mankebar and Zengada, out yielded the standard resistant checks ‘Birhan’ and ‘Gubiye’ under Striga infestation. Ward cluster analysis grouped the 49 sorghum genotypes in to four distinct clusters under Striga‐infested conditions. All members of clusters II and III showed the highest yielding group with the lowest to moderate Striga number, while cluster IV supported the lowest yield with the highest Striga number. Significant negative correlations were observed between yield‐ and Striga‐related traits. Highly significant and strong correlations were observed among Striga resistance indices, indicating that any of the Striga resistance parameters can be used as an indicator of resistance. The wide variations in grain yield among genotypes under Striga‐infested conditions would be invaluable genetic resources for production in Striga endemic areas of Ethiopia.     

大连地区玉米螟越冬期间气象条件越冬后活虫数的影响

为研究大连地区玉米螟越冬期间气象条件对越冬后活虫数的影响,以期为防治玉米螟提供科学依据。利用大连地区最近10年气象资料和玉米螟越冬后活虫数资料,对玉米螟越冬后活虫数与越冬期间气象要素进行相关性分析。结果表明,玉米螟冬后百杆活虫数受上年10月下旬-11月份温湿条件影响较大。此间温度低有利于其越冬成活;11月份降水多,冬后百杆活虫数多。建立大连地区玉米螟冬后百杆活虫数统计预报模式。