China's alfalfa market and imports: Development,trends, and potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations

This study examines the development and trends of China's alfalfa market and imports, identifies key factors for the rapid increase in China's alfalfa imports, and discusses potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations on the alfalfa markets and trade in both nations. China's rapid transition toward larger-scale commercial dairy production, with enhanced feed and cost management as well as quality and safety control, and its limited resources for high-quality alfalfa production are key factors for the dramatic increase in its alfalfa imports, from 19 601 metric tons in 2008 to 1.38 million metric tons (mmt) in 2018. While the United States dominated China's alfalfa imports with an average share of 97.01% from 2007 to 2017, the share dropped to 83.76% in 2018 and 63.28% in January 2019 due to the trade dispute and retaliations started in 2018. China will likely remain a large importer of alfalfa because of both its growing demand and the comparative advantages of imported alfalfa in quality and price, but the imports from the United States will be highly affected by the ongoing trade dispute and negotiations. China is also expected to make more efforts to reduce its dependence on U.S. alfalfa through increased investment in domestic alfalfa production and identification of alternative sources of alfalfa and other hay imports.     

Adoption and Impact of Modern Rice Varieties on Poverty in Eastern India

The factors affecting the adoption of modern varieties(MVs) of rice and impact on poverty in Odisha, India were discussed. A total of 363 households from Cuttack and Sambalpur districts of Odisha via multistage sampling technique participated in the survey. The Cragg's Double hurdle model was used to model the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of MVs of rice, and the propensity score matching was used to analyze the impact of adoption on poverty. The results showed that age, education, risk aversion, land size, yield, perception of MVs as high yielding, resistant to diseases and availability of MVs positively influenced the decision to adopt. However, variables such as household size, experience of a farmer, off-farm job participation, amount of credit received, cost of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers negatively influenced the adoption of MVs. Intensity of adoption of MVs was negatively influenced by experience of a farmer, cost of fertilizer and marketability of MVs, and positively affected by household size, risk aversion, land size, cost of insecticides, perception of MVs as high yielding and availability of MV seeds. Poverty incidence, gap and severity were high among non-adopters to adopters of MVs. After matching adopters and non-adopters of MV groups using four different algorithms of nearest neighbour matching, stratification matching, radius matching and kernel matching, the impact of MV adoption resulted in higher per capita monthly household expenditure by about US$ 52.82 to US$ 63.17.     

新时代农民专业合作社嵌入乡村治理的路径优化——基于河北省唐山市的调研分析

随着农业农村现代化的逐步展开,乡村多元共治模式兴起,农民专业合作社日益成为乡村社会治理创新的有益载体。以河北省唐山市农民专业合作社为研究样本,采用质性研究方法,梳理农民专业合作社在人力资源、农民参与、政府指导、服务社会等方面的发展困境。同时,提出新时代农民专业合作社嵌入乡村治理的有效路径。需要强化人才培育,激发农民专业合作社嵌入乡村治理的内生动力;加强法治建设,大力完善农民专业合作社嵌入乡村治理的政策法规;加强重视程度,形成乡村治理更为强大的工作合力;加强自身建设,在乡村治理工作中主动担当作为。     

智慧农业背景下大数据与农民增收之间的关系

自信息化时代以来,大数据时代是继物联网、云计算的又一次技术变革,这次变革加速了传统农业向数字农业、信息农业的转变。智慧农业的发展,创造了多维的与农业有关的数据。阐述了在农产品种植前的规划、种植时的管理和收获之后的营销,在已有的数据中挖掘可用的信息,农民可以准确掌握市场供需情况,合理安排种植,做到精准农业,帮助农民提升收入。     

冬枣贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

从冬枣贮藏保鲜的方法和影响其贮藏保鲜的因素等方面,对冬枣贮藏保鲜技术研究现状进行了较为详细的论述。总体来看,冬枣贮藏保鲜的物理贮藏方法包括低温贮藏、气调贮藏和减压贮藏,化学方法中包括一些化学杀菌剂、保鲜剂和激素处理,考虑到化学药剂的残留对人体的影响,近几年来,科研人员逐步探索开发冬枣采后生物防治领域,并取得了一定的成绩;同时,也论述了影响冬枣保鲜效果的主要因素有冬枣自身因素、农业技术措施和环境条件等,并对当前研究工作存在的问题及今后的研究重点进行了讨论。     

牛兔异种体细胞以兔卵母细胞为核受体的牛体细胞克隆研究

随着同种动物克隆后代的不断降生,人们又开始尝试异种动物体细胞核移植。用兔的卵母细胞作为核受体进行牛的体细胞核移植,研究表明,颗粒细胞作为供核体与兔去核卵母细胞的融合率(60.5%,57.9%)稍高于皮肤成纤维细胞的融合率(52.2%,48.4%),但两者间差异并不显著。颗粒细胞与皮肤成纤维细胞均采用饥饿培养和接触抑制培养两种不同的方式进行诱导处理,融合卵在电激活后能够卵裂并发育的情况差异显著(72.6%对51.4%;70.4%对52.2%)。有少数重构胚发育至囊胚,证明在哺乳动物异种重构胚早期发育中,异种细胞核与细胞质间是相容的。     

一株纤维降解菌的鉴定及其对酒糟固态发酵效果的研究

为鉴定本实验室前期筛选的一株纤维降解菌,并优化其发酵白酒糟的条件,通过16S rRNA序列分析并结合菌株形态和部分生理生化方法进行菌株鉴定,随后利用该菌进行白酒糟发酵试验.首先采用单因素试验设计,然后根据发酵后白酒糟营养成分变化,确定用于正交试验的各因素水平,在此基础上进行四因素三水平的正交试验设计确定最适发酵条件,最...     

脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗的效果观察

目的 观察脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗的效果。方法 随机选取本院2016年1月至2017年10月收治的脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹患者200例,随机数字表法分为3组,66例予以自血疗法治疗者为A组,66例予以梅花针治疗者为B组,68例予以梅花针联合自血疗法治疗者为C组,对比分析3组治疗前后荨麻疹活动评分、免疫功能与复发情况。结果 治疗后,C组荨麻疹活动度评分较A组、B组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,C组辅助性T细胞（CD4⁺）、细胞毒性T细胞（CD8⁺）及CD4⁺/CD8⁺值优于A组、B组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;C组复发率较A组、B组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 脾虚湿蕴型荨麻疹行自血疗法与梅花针联合治疗可有效降低荨麻疹活动度评分,改善免疫功能,并且减少复发率,值得推广。     

花生新品种泉花551高产特性研究

以粤油551-116为对照品种,对泉花551的生育特性、光合特性、开花结荚习性等进行研究,探讨其高产特性,结果表明:泉花551开花量适中且集中在前期,有效花率和成针率高;叶片叶绿素含量高,叶面积指数大,净同化率高,尤其在中后期仍保持较高的经济系数。     

The application of tannic acid to the elimination of egg stickiness at varied moments of the egg swelling process in pikeperch,Sander lucioperca (L.)

The aim of this article was to analyse the process of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, egg swelling and to apply tannic acid to eliminate egg stickiness at different moments of the swelling process on artificially obtained eggs. The first experiment involved observation of egg swelling process and the second determined the effect of temperature (12, 14 and 16°C) on the egg swelling rate. The third experiment involved elimination of egg stickiness in a tannin solution (0.75 g L^?1) where eggs were submerged in a solution for 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 min – 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min following gamete activation. The results indicate that the pikeperch egg swelling process lasts 30 min. It was found that the temperature did not affect the process duration. The results of the third experiment showed that the effectiveness of tannic acid application in egg stickiness elimination increases with time. The best result was obtained in groups of eggs submerged for 1 and 2 min (86.5% and 80.5% of larvae were obtained respectively) 30 min following the gamete activation. The results presented in this study for the first time indicate the possibility of highly effective procedure of egg stickiness elimination with tannic acid in pikeperch aquaculture.