现代电子称重技术发展对森林收获计测的影响

回顾森林收获计测技术的发展历史,分析现代电子称量技术的发展应用前景,指出木材及木制品以体积计量计价的局限性和以重量计量计价的优势,认为当前一些木材市场上出现的买卖双方以重量而不是以材积计量计价现象有其历史必然性。基于以重量计量计价更为客观、准确、快捷、高效,并大幅降低成本的优势,其在纸浆等工业原料林经营、林业碳汇贸易等方面具有广泛应用潜力。     

集雨栽培冬小麦田土壤水分和矿质氮

在半湿润易旱地区的关中红油土上,研究了垄上覆膜集雨栽培措施对冬小麦(Triticumaestivum)田土壤水分和矿质氮的影响。结果表明覆膜有一定的蓄水保墒效果,冬小麦返青期,0～40cm土壤贮水量覆膜处理比不覆膜处理平均多7.7mm;覆膜能使冬小麦在生长后期更有效地利用土壤深层贮水,在小麦成熟期,100～200cm土壤贮水量覆膜处理比未覆膜处理少23.8mm。覆膜有利于作物对氮肥的吸收利用,氮肥用量相同的处理,覆膜条件下的硝态氮浓度和矿质氮累积量低于不覆膜处理;施氮也可以明显增加土壤剖面中的硝态氮含量和矿质氮累积量。     

Microphytic crusts,shrub patches and water harvesting in the Negev Desert: the Shikim system

Human-made contour banks are a central component of theShikim water harvesting system in Israels Negev Desert.Efficient water capture depends on the presence of a stable microphytic crustwhich directs surplus surface runoff into the banks where it is stored. We usedsimulated rainfall to examine the impact of soil surface disturbance on runoffand sediment transport, and the effect of this on the efficiency of resourcecapture within the Shikim system. Two disturbance regimes:1) removal of the microphytic crust only, and 2) removal of the crust and shrubpatches by cultivation, were compared with an undisturbed control. In theundisturbed state, 32% of rainfall was redistributed as runoff. This runoffpenetrated approximately 27% deeper under the shrub patches compared with themicrophytic crust. When the microphytic crust was destroyed by simulatedtrampling, the runoff coefficient declined to 13%, and there was no significantdifference in water penetration between shrub and crust patches. Completedestruction of the shrub hummocks and crust by cultivation resulted in adeclinein the runoff coefficient to 6%. The result of sustained disturbance in thesepatchy Negev shrublands is a breakdown in spatial heterogeneity, a loss ofecosystem function, a reduction in ecosystem goods and services such as plantdiversity and production, and ultimately a reduction in pastoral productivity.These results reinforce the view that microphytic crusts are critical for theefficient operation of the Shikim water harvesting system.Given that practices such as cultivation and trampling which disturbmicrophyticcrusts result in enhanced infiltration, crusts should be left intact tomaximisethe water harvesting efficiency in these desert landscapes.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

南果梨和苹果梨适宜采收期果实生理生化指标初探

针对鞍山海城地区的南果梨和沈阳苏家屯地区的苹果梨初果期和盛果期适宜采收期的生理生化指标进行了详细调查，结果表明：南果梨在海城地区初果期和盛果期最适采收期分别在9月20日、9月15日左右，一级果主要生理指标是：种子变黑指数分别是96．7、95．2，可溶性固形物是16．6％、16．1％，果实自然落果率分别是1．89％、1．26％。苹果梨在苏家屯地区初果期和盛果期最适采收期均在9月30日左右，一级果主要生理指标是：种子变黑指数分别是95．7、96．1，可溶性固形物分别是13．1％、13．4％，果实自然落果率分别是1．98％、2．38％。     

宁波市连作晚稻机插技术研究

为了研究多项技术改进措施对宁波市机插晚稻增产的整合效应并分析增产原因,对现行机插技术与原机插技术进行了研究对比。现行技术使绿叶数和发根力等秧苗素质及经济性状得到了显著提升,产量达501.79kg/667m2,比原技术高17.48%。     

浅谈职业技术学校机械制图教学的教学形式

文章针对《机械制图》教学实际情况,提出了四个关于制图教学的原则：科学性与思想性统一的原则;掌握知识和发展智力统一的原则;理论与实践相结合的原则;直观性与启发性相结合的原则。     

2TYB-450型水稻田间育秧播种机的设计

针对水稻田间育秧播种的要求，设计了同步驱动轮与机械振动排种相结合的2TYB 450型水稻田间育秧播种机，试验结果表明：以取秧面积为1.96 cm^2、3-7粒/取秧面积为合格时，播种合格率为66.2%，空穴率为3.8%；且排种稳定性较好，能够满足水稻田间育秧播种的农艺要求。     

基于AUTOCAD软件的绘图标注样式设置

AutoCAD是一个通用的绘图系统,系统功能的设计上考虑了各类图样的需求,文章介绍了标注机械图样时涉及到的制图国家标准,给出了AutoCAD2007各部分标注参数的设置和功能的调整方法.     

木质素/PVC复合材料的研究与发展

阐述了将木质素磺酸盐与聚氯乙烯(PVC)熔融挤出制备木质素/PVC复合材料。该产品物理力学性能优于普通人造板,无甲醛释放,可循环再利用,有很好的环境效益。     

数字化木材横纹压缩试验测试系统

以日本岛津公司ＡＧ－１０ＴＡ型木材万能力学试验机（精度可达１‰）及该机配置的力学传感器，绘图记录仪为基础，与自行配置的Ａ／Ｄ转换器，数据采集软件与计算机接口联机，共同构成数字化木材横纹压缩试验测试系统。