西安市热岛效应的反演研究

[目的]对西安市热岛效应进行反演。[方法]利用不同时相美国Landsat-7的ETM+和TM卫星数据,分析了不同时相西安市城市热岛效应的空间分布特征及变化趋势,并提出适合西安市的热岛效应防治措施。[结果]西安城市热岛现象十分明显,城区的地面温度明显高于周边郊区的温度,形成岛屿状的高温区域,界线清晰可辨。随着城市的扩建,西安市城市热岛效应范围也逐渐增大,主要表现为南北向的扩大。另外蓝田区的热岛效应越来越突出,应引起重视。建议通过提高城市绿化、合理规划城市建筑、减少人为热的排放量、预防和治理大气污染等措施,有效防治西安市热岛效应。[结论]该研究为西安市热岛效应的防治和生态环境的改善提供了理论依据。     

山西旱作节水农业现状及其发展战略

为有效提升山西旱作节水农业水平,提高山西旱作节水农业对山西农业的贡献,以制约山西农业发展的山西旱作节水农业为研究背景,分析了目前山西旱作节水农业所涉及的农艺节水、农业机械装备领域的现状及存在的问题,明确了制约山西旱作节水农业发展的主要瓶颈,提出了山西旱作节水农业进一步发展的战略措施。对山西旱作节水农业、山西农业未来发展具有重要的意义。     

2013年湘茶出口总结与思考

简述了2013年湘茶出口概况,指出了存在的问题和不足,并应对湘茶出口瓶颈提出了措施和建议。     

家装业定制家具设计与计算机集成制造系统中的问题探析

定制家具已经成为追求个性化和私密家居环境者的一个方向,但其多变性较强,在工业化生产过程中很难实现“无缝式”衔接,从而导致部分家装业定制家具的设计方案与家具产品之间产生差异。介绍了家装业定制家具的主要特征,论述了计算机集成制造家具的基本模式,具体分析了家装业定制家具设计与计算机集成制造系统中的衔接问题,有针对性地提出优化家具设计与计算机制造系统衔接的三项措施。     

承德市杨柳飞絮综合治理措施

介绍了承德市园林管理局治理杨柳飞絮的多种途径和措施。     

连云港饮用水水质与市区人群健康的关系及改善措施

近几年水污染非常严重，引发了人类很多疾病。本文对连云港市水环境进行分析，并分析了连云港市人群健康的情况，发现在水体高污染的情况下，相应的疾病，特别是癌症等慢性病的发病率普遍升高。为降低水污染对人群的影响，提出了降低水污染的措施。     

Quantification of the transmission of classical swine fever virus between herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in The Netherlands

In this study, we describe a method to quantify the transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) between herds from data collected during the 1997–1998 epidemic in the Netherlands. From the contacts between infected herds and the serological findings shortly before depopulation, we estimated the week of virus introduction and the length of the period over which the herd emitted virus for each CSFV-infected herd. From these data, we estimated the infection-rate parameter β (the average number of herds infected by one infectious herd during one week) and the herd reproduction ratio, R_h (the average total number of secondary outbreaks caused by one infectious herd, i.e. in its entire infectious period), using a SIR-model for different sets of CSF control measures. When R_h > 1, an epidemic continues to grow. On the other hand, when R_h < 1 an epidemic will fade out.

During the phase before the first outbreak was diagnosed and no specific measures had been implemented, β was estimated at 1.09 and R_h at 6.8. In the subsequent phase infected herds were depopulated, movement restrictions were implemented, infected herds were traced forward and backward and the herds in the protection and surveillance zones were clinically inspected by the veterinary authorities (regional screening). This set of measures significantly reduced β to 0.38. However, R_h was 1.3 and thus still >1. Consequently, the number of outbreaks continued to grow. After a number of additional measures were implemented, the value of R_h was reduced to 0.5 and the epidemic came to an end. These measures included pre-emptive slaughter of herds that had been in contact with infected herds or were located near an infected herd, increased hygienic procedures, replacement of transports of pigs for welfare reasons by killing of young piglets and a breeding ban, and regional screening for CSF-infected herds by local veterinary practitioners.     

兼顾食品安全和农民增收完善农产品市场体系

以农产品市场体系的基本结构为基础,分析了农产品市场体系与食品安全和农民增收之间的关系;介绍了中国农产品市场发展已经取得的成就和现存问题;最后提出了兼顾食品安全和农民增收完善农产品市场体系的措施:优化农产品市场体系的基础条件,培育不同层次不同规模的农产品交易场所,建立各农产品交易场所的有机连接,完善农产品物流配送体系,加强科技投入,政府适时、适地进行宏观调控,等等。     

陕西省农业清洁生产的现状和对策

阐述了陕西省实施农业清洁生产的重要意义,并针对陕西省在实施农业清洁生产过程中存在的问题,提出了战略措施。     

分析高层建筑工程存在的问题及其防治

本谈了墙体裂缝、地面裂缝，抹灰不好造成墙体起鼓开花、陶瓷地砖地面，瓷砖墙面，厕所、浴室，洗间漏水等出现质量问题的原因，同时简述了解决这些质量问题采取的措施。