Comparison of the Sensitivity of Landscape-fire-succession Models to Variation in Terrain, Fuel Pattern, Climate and Weather

The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of modelled area burned to environmental factors across a range of independently-developed landscape-fire-succession models. The sensitivity of area burned to variation in four factors, namely terrain (flat, undulating and mountainous), fuel pattern (finely and coarsely clumped), climate (observed, warmer & wetter, and warmer & drier) and weather (year-to-year variability) was determined for four existing landscape-fire-succession models (EMBYR, FIRESCAPE, LANDSUM and SEM-LAND) and a new model implemented in the LAMOS modelling shell (LAMOS(DS)). Sensitivity was measured as the variance in area burned explained by each of the four factors, and all of the interactions amongst them, in a standard generalised linear modelling analysis. Modelled area burned was most sensitive to climate and variation in weather, with four models sensitive to each of these factors and three models sensitive to their interaction. Models generally exhibited a trend of increasing area burned from observed, through warmer and wetter, to warmer and drier climates with a 23-fold increase in area burned, on average, from the observed to the warmer, drier climate. Area burned was sensitive to terrain for FIRESCAPE and fuel pattern for EMBYR. These results demonstrate that the models are generally more sensitive to variation in climate and weather as compared with terrain complexity and fuel pattern, although the sensitivity to these latter factors in a small number of models demonstrates the importance of representing key processes. The models that represented fire ignition and spread in a relatively complex fashion were more sensitive to changes in all four factors because they explicitly simulate the processes that link these factors to area burned. The US Government's and the Canadian Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license is acknowledged     

SINPV PK基因的部分序列分析

重组质粒ｐＰ１８ＰＨ３上含有ＳＩＮＰＶ的部分蛋白激酶基因。ＳＩＮＰＶ部分的蛋白激酶氨基酸序列与ＨａＮ－ＰＶ、ＨｚＮＰＶ、ＳｐｌｉＮＰＶ、ＡｆＮＰＶ、ＡｃＮＰＶ、ＬｄＮＰＶ蛋白激酶的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为４５％、８９％、３７％、４４％、３８％和３７％，其上含有蛋白激酶特征序列ＩＶＨＡＮＤＶＫＬＥＮＶＬ。     

贫瘠丘陵地短轮伐期薪材树种生长过程的研究

尾叶桉、细叶桉、赤桉、粗皮桉、巨桉（简称桉树类，下同）和马占相思、粗果相思及薄果相思（简称相思类，下同）等８个树种，在水土严重流失的贫瘠丘陵地经７年的生长试验，结果表明：除巨桉和细叶桉在该立地生长较缓慢外，其余６个树种生长快，产量较高。尤其是尾叶桉和马占相思，７年生胸径年均生长量在１．０ｃｍ以上，单位面积生物量（地上部分鲜重，下同）为５２．６９ｔ／ｈｍ２和４３．６７ｔ／ｈｍ２。不同树种的生长比较：桉树类树种（除巨桉外）４年生以前胸径、树高和生物量生长均比相思类树种生长快，４年后相思类树种逐渐赶上或超过桉树类树种。性状生长高峰期分别为：胸径桉树类为２年生（细叶桉１年生）、相思类为３～４年生，树高桉树和相思类均为１年生，生物量桉树类为２～３年生、相思类为４～６年生。     

Comparing chamber and eddy covariance based net ecosystem CO2 exchange of fen soils

Due to their high emission potential, the reporting of CO₂ emissions from peatlands requires exact emission factors for different land use categories. Recently used emission factors are mainly based on CO₂ flux measurements by chamber techniques or the micrometeorological eddy covariance (EC) method. However, evidence about the reliability and comparability of annual CO₂ balances based on these methods is scarce. Therefore, manual chamber measurements of ecosystem respiration (R_ECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were conducted for two years (March 2012–April 2014) to model annual balances of two sites on fen soils with different land use intensity in northern Germany: an unutilized and rewetted grassland (UG) and an intensively utilized wet grassland (GW). Simultaneously, EC measurements of NEE were conducted on the sites. Two reasons for occasionally great deviations in NEE between the methods could be observed: (1) the accordance of both methods was most hampered during transition periods such as the beginning of the growing season and the onset of regrowth after a grassland defoliation due to different spatial scales of EC and chamber measurements and (2) R_ECO and gross primary production (GPP) partitioned from EC NEE measurements were systematically lower than those from the chamber‐based model, which could be a result of the EC energy balance gap. Differences were more pronounced for the managed site GW as a result of more frequent regrowth periods. It is concluded that the EC and chamber method can show comparable results for the CO₂ exchange of grasslands on fen soils when the limitations of both methods are known and considered for the reporting of emission factors. These limitations are due to energy balance closure and potentially biased footprints for EC and a restricted representativeness especially during early stages of plant development for the chamber method.     

浅析蕉城区名优茶质量评比

本文阐述了蕉城区名优茶质量评比的参评情况并对其结果进行研究分析，提出了茶产业发展的对策。     

不同日光暖棚羊舍的内环境指标比较

在青海省乐都县养殖基地选择了有代表性的两种日光暖棚羊舍，对其主要内环境指标进行了对比。结果表明，半拱式塑料覆膜暖棚羊舍内的温度、湿度、CO2和NH3浓度均高于双列式玻璃钢瓦暖棚羊舍。两种类型日光暖棚羊舍各有利弊。     

一代与二代人促闽粤栲林分特征对比评价

同一地林块８年生一代和６年生二代人促闽粤栲林分群落学特征及测树学特征对比评价结果表明：两代林分群落结构相近；二代林分乔木层物种多样性指数、均匀度比一代林分略大；二代林分生产力较一代林分的低，但仍保持较高的生产力．     

植物叶面积测定方法的比较研究

以两个不同品种的大豆叶片为研究对象，采用了不同的测定方法测定叶面积，分析并指出各种测定方法的优缺点，为在不同测定条件和实验目的要求下选择不同的叶面积测定方法提供依据，也为研究人员提供更加准确、快速、简便和经济的测定方法和依据。     

论汉英不同性别的人喻体及喻体能动性的特征

隐喻不仅是一种修辞手段,而且还是一种认知工具。喻体在汉英修辞格中占有重要、关键的地位,是一种生动的源自生活的表达方式。喻体所指不同性别的人时,喻体能动性会产生差异。通过汉英对比,对不同性别的人喻体能动性进行分析,并据此探讨汉英喻体能动性的相似性、差异以及喻体能动性产生的原因。历史、文化、生活经验、风俗习惯等因素可以引起人的喻体能动性变化。     

几个甘蔗新品种比较试验初报

以新台糖22号为对照品种,以园林17号、园林18号、桂糖02/467、桂糖02/901、柳城03/182、新台糖88/99等6个甘蔗新品种为材料进行比较试验.试验结果表明,与对照新台糖22号相比,桂糖02/467与柳城03/182出苗率较高,其分蘖率相对较低;出苗率较低的品种如园林17号、桂糖02/901,其分蘖率相对较高.在生长盛期,柳城03/182表现出良好的农艺性状,其伸长生长最快,田间锤度较高;桂糖021467与新台糖88/99表现出中大茎;柳城03/182与桂糖02/901表现出早熟高糖;但参试的几个甘蔗品种实际产量均低于对照新台糖22号.