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91.
In the present study, water and nitrogen interaction on soil profile water extraction and evapo-transpiration (ET) was investigated taking a field experiment on a clay loam soil (Typic Haplustept) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi with four consecutive crops (maize-wheat-maize-wheat) taken from July 2002 to April 2004. Three levels of water regime, namely W1, W2 and W3 referring to limited, medium and maximum irrigation were applied to each crop depending on the seasonal rainfall and the critical crop growth stage. The three water regimes were used with five nitrogen levels from T1 to T5, (T1, 0% N; T2, 75% N; T3, 100% N; T4, 150% N; T5, 100% N from organic source) in a split plot design for the four crops grown in sequence.Significant water and nitrogen interaction was observed for ET and soil profile water extraction pattern. Averaged across nitrogen treatments, ET in W2 and W3 were higher by 17 and 26%, respectively than W1 in maize 2002 and by 12 and 19% in maize 2003. In case of wheat, ET in W2 and W3 were higher by 27 and 58% than W1 in 1st crop and by 37 and 70% in 2nd crop. The effect of nitrogen regime, however, was prominent in both crops of maize and wheat, with significantly higher profile soil moisture depletion in T4 of each water regime. In all cases, lowest water depletion was observed in control plots receiving 0% N.In both crops, water extraction from surface 60 cm was highest in W3 followed by W2 and W1. In maize, the % extraction from 0 to 60 cm layer varied from 71 to 76% (W1), 70-79% (W2) and 75-82% (W3), whereas the values for wheat were 70-77, 72-79 and 75-83% for W1, W2 and W3, respectively. The 90-120 cm layer contributed only 3-14% to total water extraction in both the crops. From 90 to 120 cm layer, higher extraction was observed in W1 as compared to W3. The extraction values in W1, W2 and W3 in maize were 9-13, 7-14 and 3-9, respectively, whereas the corresponding values in wheat were 8-14, 5-12 and 3-7% for the three water regimes. Effect of nitrogen treatments on water extraction from deeper layer was observed with higher extraction in highest fertilized treatment (T4) as compared to other treatments. 相似文献
92.
Although rainfall in the United States Mid-South is sufficient to produce corn (Zea mays L.) without irrigation in most years, timely irrigation has been shown to increase yields. The recent interest in ethanol fuels is expected to lead to increases in US corn production, and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is one possible way to increase application efficiency and thereby reduce water use. The objective of this study was to determine the response of SDI-irrigated corn produced in the US Mid-South. Field studies were conducted at the University of Arkansas Northeast Research and Extension Center at Keiser during the 2002-2004 growing seasons. The soil was mixed, with areas of fine sandy loam, loamy sand, and silty clay. SDI tubing was placed under every row at a depth of approximately 30 cm. Three irrigation levels were compared, with irrigation replacing 100% and 60% of estimated daily water use and no irrigations. The split plot treatment was hybrid, with three hybrids of different relative maturities. Although the 3-year means indicated significantly lower yields for a nonirrigated treatment, no significant differences were observed among the treatments in 2003 or 2004. A large difference was observed in 2002, the year with the least rainfall during the study period, but no difference was detected between the two irrigated treatments in any year. The treatment with the lower water application had the higher irrigation water use efficiency. Although the results of this study suggested that replacing 60% of the estimated daily evapotranspiration with SDI is sufficient for maximum corn yields, additional observations will be needed to determine whether corn production with SDI is feasible in the region and to develop recommendations for farmers choosing to adopt the method. Improved weather forecasting and crop coefficient functions developed specifically for the region should also contribute to more efficient irrigation management. 相似文献
93.
基于双目立体视觉的苗期玉米株形测 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
将田间正常生长的待测玉米植株带土移至测定台上,标定双目立体视觉系统,提取、分割叶片图像,以Douglas-Peucker多边形法逼近叶片边缘,去除两幅对应图像中没有匹配关系的多边形顶点,结合投影矩阵计算出叶片边缘点的三维坐标.分别投影叶片边缘点到植株平面和植株水平平面,对投影的离散点分段二次拟合、Cardinal样条插值,得到代表叶片形状的曲线,计算出叶长、叶片着生高度、茎叶夹角、叶片方位角等株形指标.测量实验表明,本方法快速、准确、自动化程度高,能够满足苗期玉米株形测量的要求. 相似文献
94.
95.
青贮玉米收获机打捆装置自动控制系统设 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
青贮玉米收获机可在玉米摘穗的同时,将切碎的秸秆打成圆捆,以便于青贮.为提高作业效率、简化机手操作流程,设计了一套喂料与送绳自动控制系统,该系统由传感检测元件、控制电路及执行机构3部分组成.采用四路换向开关作为传感检测元件,并结合RS去抖电路,可有效提高控制系统工作可靠性.执行元件为两电磁离合器,接收控制电路的输出信号,完成对喂料和送绳过程的实时控制.试验表明:该系统工作安全、可靠,料捆成捆率达到1009%;与手动控制方式相比,有效强化了料捆密度控制的准确性,使机具的作业效率提高20%. 相似文献
96.
97.
根据“排水法”的原理,设计一种简易体积测量器,在装满已知密度溶液的容器中加入玉米子粒,称取排出液体的质量,可换算成子粒体积。该方法准确可靠,操作方便,效率高。结果表明,用测量器测得的钢珠体积与钢珠真实体积之间相对误差较小,能够满足测量所需要的准确度,测量器测量的钢珠体积和其真实体积的相关系数达到0.999 1。利用24份体积有差异的玉米杂交种子粒各30粒进一步验证,简易体积测量器和量筒分别测得的每份玉米子粒体积接近,相对误差较小,相关系数达到0.998 1。新设计的子粒体积测量方法,不仅用于玉米子粒体积的测量,也可用于其他作物子粒体积的测量。 相似文献
98.
从玉米中克隆ZmCPB1基因的cDNA序列,全长1 446 bp,编码481个氨基酸,蛋白质理论分子量为54.05 KD,等电点为8.59。生物信息学分析表明,ZmCPB1蛋白N端有跨膜结构,是跨膜蛋白。蛋白质二级结构含有48.44%的α-螺旋、4.99%的β-转角、10.60%的延伸链以及35.97%的无规则卷曲,该蛋白定位于内质网中。序列比对结果显示,ZmCPB1蛋白含有与子粒发育相关的保守区VKFVHRKALK。系统进化树分析表明,该蛋白与高粱、谷子、水稻和大麦的同源蛋白亲缘关系最近,同属一个亚支。实时荧光定量PCR分析ZmCPB1基因的表达模式,结果表明,ZmCPB1基因在3叶期的根、茎、叶以及雄穗和苞叶中表达量较低,在雌穗中的表达量较高。在玉米子粒发育的不同时期,ZmCPB1基因的表达量呈现一定的规律变化,在授粉后0~10 d,表达量逐渐达到最高峰,之后开始下降,在授粉15 d后降到较低水平。初步判断ZmCPB1基因与玉米子粒早中期发育有关。 相似文献
99.
100.
为了寻找抗吸浆虫的小麦品种或种质材料,采用田间自然鉴定法鉴定了90份小麦新品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫的抗性,结果表明,不同小麦品种(系)对麦红吸浆虫具有明显的抗性差异。对各种类型的材料分析表明,对麦红吸浆虫表现高抗、中抗、低抗、感虫类型的小麦品种(系)分别占参试品种(系)的4.44%、15.56%、61.11%、18.89%。不同小麦品种(系)具有不同的抗虫性,其单穗虫数、穗被害率、粒被害率、损失率、抗性指数均有较大差异。其中表现高抗的品种(系)有4个,表现中抗的有18个,这些品种(系)可作为抗麦红吸浆虫的主栽和后备品种,或作为亲本材料提供给生产和育种利用。 相似文献