不同稻草还田模式下双季稻田周年CH4排放特征及温室效应

采用静态箱-气相色谱法对南方双季稻田稻季无草翻耕冬季休闲(CK)、周年稻草焚烧还田翻耕(BST)、稻季稻草覆盖免耕冬季高桩(SNTH)、稻季稻草覆盖免耕冬季翻埋(SNTB)和稻季稻草翻耕还田冬季稻草翻埋(STB)5种稻草还田模式下双季稻田周年CH4排放进行观测,分析双季稻田周年CH4排放特征及其温室效应,旨在探索双季稻田CH4减排最佳的稻草还田方式及土壤耕作调控技术模式。结果表明:早、晚稻季CH4排放总量分别占全年CH4排放总量的43.9%和52.1%,冬闲季CH4排放比例很小,仅为4.0%;稻草还田显著增加了周年CH4排放总量(P<0.05),增加幅度为25.9%~92.8%(P<0.05),与STB处理相比,SNTH处理和SNTB处理均能显著降低CH4排放(P<0.05);不同稻草还田处理周年CH4温室效应大小顺序为:STB>BST>SNTB>SNTH>CK。可以看出,双季稻田稻季稻草覆盖免耕还田、冬季翻埋稻草还田或留桩还田能显著减缓因稻草直接还田CH4排放引起的温室效应,在南方双季稻区是一项可行的CH4周年减排的稻草还田调控技术模式。     

低温胁迫诱导斑马鱼ZF4细胞ROS及MAPK相关蛋白表达的影响

为了研究鱼类低温下分子调控机制及其与活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)之间的关系,本实验对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎成纤维ZF4细胞进行不同程度的低温胁迫(18℃和10℃),监测其在不同低温胁迫时间下(1 d、3 d和5 d)ROS的变化以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路中蛋白的表达情况。结果显示:(1)DCFH-DA探针法表明在低温胁迫作用下,细胞内ROS含量增加。细胞内ROS上升水平与外界胁迫压力成正相关。低温处理3 d后,18℃和10℃的细胞,其ROS含量与对照组(28℃)相比分别显著升高到(1.23±0.04)倍(P0.05)和(2.31±0.08)倍(P0.05)。(2)Western Blot检测磷酸化的p38(p-p38)和磷酸化的JNK(p-JNK p54和p-JNK p46)的水平变化,结果显示低温胁迫可以使p38和JNK的活性增强,且均在10℃处理3 d达到最高水平。(3)进一步检测DNA断裂标记蛋白γH2A.X的表达水平,结果显示,无论在18℃还是10℃,其在第3天呈现高表达。本实验初步证实低温胁迫能够诱导斑马鱼细胞ROS的产生;通过对不同时间点的蛋白表达水平检测,发现p-JNK、p-p38和γH2A.X激活时间点与低温诱导ROS表达时间点相吻合。该研究为后期对斑马鱼细胞低温胁迫实验奠定基础,其中低温下处理3 d可以作为一个检测各个蛋白变化的关键时间点。     

松辽黑猪RBP4基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

为探究松辽黑猪视黄醇结合蛋白4（RBP4）基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联性,试验选取132头松辽黑猪作为研究对象,以与猪繁殖性状相关的RBP4基因为候选基因,采用PCR-HRM分析与PCR产物直接测序相结合的方法检测松辽黑猪RBP4基因部分外显子的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）,分析RBP4基因SNP与母猪总产仔数、产活仔数、乳头数及仔猪初生重、3周龄重、断奶重的关联性。结果显示,松辽黑猪RBP4基因第3、5外显子上各存在1个SNP位点,分别命名为为G45A和C170T,其中在G45A位点检测到GG、GA和AA 3种基因型,在C170T位点检测到CC和CT 2种基因型。群体遗传参数分析及卡方适合性检验结果显示,RBP4基因G45A位点在松辽黑猪群体中分布较为均匀,遗传变异程度处于中等水平,偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P<0.01）;C170T位点在松辽黑猪群体中分布不均匀,遗传变异程度较低,未偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）。关联分析结果表明,在RBP4基因G45A位点上,3种基因型的总产仔数及产活仔数均表现为：GG > GA > AA,其中GG基因型的总产仔数、产活仔数显著高于AA基因型（P<0.05）;GG基因型仔猪3周龄重显著低于GA基因型（P<0.05）;GG基因型仔猪断奶重显著低于GA及AA基因型（P<0.05）;各基因型在仔猪初生重及母猪乳头数上未表现出显著差异（P>0.05）。在C170T位点上,不同基因型松辽黑猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、乳头数及仔猪初生重、3周龄重、断奶重均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,RBP4基因G45A位点对松辽黑猪产仔数具有显著影响,但该位点是否可作为松辽黑猪产仔数相关的遗传标记,有待进一步研究;RBP4基因C170T位点可能不是松辽黑猪繁殖性状相关的突变位点,在后期工作中需扩大群体做进一步验证。     

喷施磷酸二氢钾对小麦粒重的影响

喷施磷酸二氢钾对所有参试品系粒重均有提高 ,但不同品系效果不同 ,库大源足型 ,粒重稍有增加 ;库源适中型粒重明显增加 ;库大源小型粒重显著增加。因此 ,小麦生长后期可以喷施磷酸二氢钾以提高粒重 ,增加产量     

养殖密度对革胡子鲶生长性能及补体C3·C4的影响

[目的]研究养殖密度对革胡子鲶生长性能及血清补体C3、C4的影响。[方法]以体重（30.71±0.89）g革胡子鲶为试验对象,测定4种养殖密度（35、65、95、125 kg/m3）下革胡子鲶生长性能及血清补体C3、C4的变化。[结果]养殖60 d后,随着养殖密度升高,革胡子鲶终末重、日增重均呈下降趋势,其中35 kg/m3与65 kg/m3密度组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。各密度处理组间饵料系数均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。低密度处理组（35 kg/m3与65 kg/m3）与高密度处理组（95 kg/m3与125 kg/m3）间死亡率差异显著（P〈0.05）。养殖密度对补体C3、C4的影响不显著（P〉0.05）。[结论]65 kg/m3可推荐为革胡子鲶的最佳养殖生产密度。     

Reaction behavior of lignin in supercritical methanol as studied with lignin model compounds

 The reaction behavior and kinetics of lignin model compounds were studied in supercritical methanol with a batch-type supercritical biomass conversion system. Guaiacol, veratrole, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene were used as model compounds for aromatic rings in lignin. In addition, 5-5, β-1, β-O-4, and α-O-4 types of dimeric lignin model compounds were used as representatives of linkages in lignin. As a result, aromatic rings and 5-5 (biphenyl)-type structures were stable in supercritical methanol, and the β-1 linkage was not cleaved in the β-1-type structure but converted rapidly to stilbene. On the other hand, β-ether and α-ether linkages of β-O-4 and α-O-4 lignin model compounds were cleaved rapidly, and these compounds decomposed to some monomeric compounds. Phenolic compounds were found to be more reactive than nonphenolic compounds. These results indicate that cleavages of ether linkages mainly contribute to the depolymerization of lignin, whereas condensed linkages such as the 5-5 and β-1 types are not cleaved in supercritical methanol. Therefore, it is suggested that the supercritical methanol treatment effectively depolymerizes lignin into the lower-molecular-weight products as a methanol-soluble portion mainly by cleavage of the β-ether structure, which is the dominant linkage in lignin. Received: December 19, 2001 / Accepted: April 30, 2002 Acknowledgments This research has been done under the research program for the development of technologies for establishing an ecosystem based on recycling in rural villages for the twenty-first century from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan; by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)(2) (no.12460144, 2001.4–2003.3) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and under the research program from Kansai Research Foundation for Technology Promotion, Japan. The authors thank them for their financial support. This study was presented in part at the 45th Lignin Symposium, Ehime, Japan, October 2000 and the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, Japan, April 2002 Correspondence to:S. Saka     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP4蛋白B细胞表位的初步筛选

GP4蛋白是猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的次要结构蛋白,在病毒的复制与侵染中起重要作用。通过合成GP4蛋白的重叠多肽,采用间接ELISA、dot-ELISA的方法对GP4蛋白的B细胞表位进行初步筛选,得到1个免疫显性肽段Ⅰ(50) SCLRHGDSSSPTIRKSS (67),并对其抗体水平进行测定,为PRRSV的抗体检测及其新型表位疫苗的研究奠定基础。     

Tyrosine‐derived 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate reacts with ketone test fields of 3 commercially available urine dipsticks

Background: The enzyme 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is key in tyrosine catabolism. Inhibition of HPPD results in tyrosinemia and increased urinary excretion of 3 phenylketones: 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPA), 4‐hydroxyphenyllactate (HPLA), and 4‐hydroxyphenylacetate (HPAA). A previous study involving administration of a novel HPPD inhibitor to dogs resulted in detection of ketonuria in treated animals using urine dipsticks read by reflectance photometry. Dipstick‐positive results were suspected to be false because high concentrations of urinary phenylketones have been reported to react with ketone test fields of urine dipsticks, but visual confirmation was not performed. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine which of the 4‐hydroxyphenolic acids produced by HPPD inhibition react with ketone test fields of 3 commercially available urine dipsticks. Methods: Canine urine samples were prepared with HPPA, HPLA, HPAA, and lithium acetoacetate (positive control) at 6 concentrations. Unmodified urine samples were used as negative controls. All samples were tested for ketones using Combur 10 Test M dipsticks read by a Miditron dipstick analyzer. Urinalysis was also performed by visually inspecting ketone test fields on the Combur 10 Test M, Multistix 10 SG, and Aution 10 EA dipsticks. Results: Urine samples containing HPPA were positive for ketones with Combur 10 Test M dipsticks read by the Miditron analyzer and produced a red–brown color change in ketone test fields of all 3 dipsticks. Urine samples containing HPLA and HPAA were negative by all methods. Conclusion: The phenylketone HPPA reacts with ketone test fields of 3 commercially available urine dipsticks, producing a red–brown color change that may be misinterpreted as positive for ketones by reflectance photometry.     

下一代Internet发展综述——Internet的起源和发展

本文叙述了Internet的起源和发展,论述了IPV4和IPV6的关系,阐述了IPV4和IPV6的基本特征及应用状况.     

赤霉酸·6-BA 3.6%液剂高效液相色谱分析方法研究

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇＋甲酸水溶液为流动相,使用ODSC18、51μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器。在210nm波长下对赤霉酸·6-BA进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该分析方法的线性相关系数赤霉酸为O．9999;6-BA为0．998;标准偏差赤霉酸为0．01;6-BA为0．02;变异系数赤霉酸为0．46％;6-BA为0．30％;赤霉酸平均回收率为97．7％;6-BA平均回收率为98．7％。