甜瓜种质叶部SPAD值的变异分析

为了探讨不同甜瓜种质资源叶部SPAD值分布,以210份甜瓜种质为试材,分析了甜瓜开花期和坐果期叶部SPAD值的变异。结果表明,开花期叶部SPAD值野生甜瓜最大,其次为厚皮甜瓜、薄皮甜瓜;坐果期厚皮甜瓜叶部SPAD值最大,叶部SPAD值基本符合正态分布,属于数量性状。开花期与坐果期叶部SPAD值之间均呈极显著相关,叶部SPAD值随着叶位升高而增加,中部叶位L14的叶部SPAD值最大,且变异系数最小,可作为甜瓜叶部SPAD值的测定叶位。基于种质的SPAD值、种质类型及来源,210份甜瓜种质可聚为4类,各类SPAD值分布范围出现一定差异。研究结果可为甜瓜种质资源的评价利用提供参考依据。     

药用植物半夏细胞悬浮培养和植株再生体系建立研究

为了建立甘肃产药用植物半夏的细胞悬浮培养和植株再生体系,通过对其不同外质体筛选、愈伤组织诱导和悬浮培养的愈伤组织类型、激素水平、起始密度、震荡速率等影响因素以及细胞生长状态、生长曲线和pH值变化等指标的研究.结果表明:以叶柄为外质体,选择"松散型"愈伤组织和2×105个/mL的起始培养密度,在附加2,4-D 2.0 mg/L BA 0.5 mg/L NAA0.5 mg/L的1/2 MS培养基上培养,温度(23±2)℃,转速90 rpm,pH值6.0,黑暗培养为最适悬浮培养体系;经检测细胞生长曲线呈"S"型,培养液pH随着细胞的生长先上升后下降,18 d时细胞基数达到最大值;悬浮继代培养后,通过降低或停止震荡转速,在添加BA 0.5 mg/L NAA0.5 mg/L的MS液体和固体培养基上可诱导分化出芽和根,进一步形成完整的植株.     

根外喷施钾肥对遵椒2号生长发育及产量的影响

针对生产上钾肥施用量不足或施用不合理,影响辣椒产量、质量进一步提高的问题,研究了根外追施钾肥对遵椒2号生长发育、产量及病虫害发生危害的影响。结果表明:在辣椒门花期、第三层开花期、第七层开花期叶面喷施硫酸钾、硫酸钾 尿素、磷酸二氢钾较喷施尿素和清水能加快发育,促进植株生长,提高产量和品质,减少病虫害发生,其中以浓度为0.2%硫酸钾 0.2%尿素和0.2%磷酸二氢钾溶液进行喷施效果最显著。     

苹果体细胞悬浮培养及植株再生研究

以苹果试管苗叶片的再生不定芽嫩叶为试材,对苹果体细胞悬浮系的建立及植株再生的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明:在MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+BA 2.0 mg/L培养基上可诱导获得高活力的愈伤组织.将该愈伤组织转入MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+BA 1.0 mg/L液体培养基中培养,采用无菌筛网分离获得含单个细胞和少于8～10个细胞的小细胞团进行继代培养,建立体悬浮细胞培养系.将悬浮细胞转到MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+BA 1.0 mg/L的固体增殖培养基上暗培养25 d后,可形成微型愈伤组织,将该愈伤组织转到MS+BA 5.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L的植株再生培养基上暗培养30 d后转入光下,光照培养30 d后53％的愈伤组织可再生植株.该研究建立的苹果体细胞悬浮培养技术,不仅可用于细胞融合及遗传转化过程中杂种细胞和转化细胞的分离及植株再生研究,而且对于利用组织培养技术筛选变异株系也具有重要意义.     

紫龙角愈伤组织诱导与植株再生的研究

以紫龙角的不同器官为试材,研究不同植物生长调节剂浓度及组合、培养基、光照、外植体等因素对其愈伤组织诱导和植株再生的影响。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导的最佳外植体是不带腋芽茎块,在麦基1号+CH+6-BA 1.0～1.8mg/L+2,4-D 0.5～2.0mg/L的培养基上,暗培养6d时诱导率高达90%以上;质地紧密,有一定疏松度,是建立细胞无性系的优良材料。带腋芽茎块是直接诱导丛生芽的理想外植体,H+TDZ 4mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L培养基适合丛生芽生长、增殖诱导率达到91%。复壮增殖不定芽的培养基为改良的H+TDZ 4mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L;1/2MS+NAA 2.5mg/L是最佳生根培养基,每个不定芽平均有效根数最高为6.17个。     

膜荚黄芪子叶节植株再生体系的建立

以膜荚黄芪无菌苗子叶节为外植体,建立了简单、高效和稳定的膜荚黄芪再生体系。结果表明:不定芽诱导的最适培养基是MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.10mg/L,每个子叶节外植体平均出芽数为3个以上,再生频率达75.5%;生根最适培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.5mg/L;移栽后成活率达75%以上。     

宁夏三个葡萄品种高效再生体系的建立

以宁夏葡萄产业中大量种植的3个葡萄品种为试材建立再生体系.采用花药、茎尖进行愈伤组织诱导,比较了3种葡萄用花药、茎尖培养诱导愈伤组织形成、分化、生根的必须培养条件,获得不定芽分化再生植株.结果表明:葡萄花药愈伤组织形成胚性愈伤组织的能力很低,几乎不能分化成苗;而茎尖愈伤组织形成胚性愈伤组织的能力很高,分化成苗率极高,达100％.B5培养基诱导宁夏葡萄茎尖愈伤组织和分化丛生效果最好;KT有利于愈伤组织分化;茎尖浓度以0.8～1.0 cm最好.     

不同黄瓜种质材料对黑斑病的抗性评价

黄瓜黑斑病是春棚栽培黄瓜的重要病害,以采自田间分离保存的086菌株为供试菌源,利用室内苗期人工接种和田间成株期观察2种方法对30份黄瓜材料进行黑斑病的抗性评价,苗期接种筛选出9份高度抗病材料、2份抗性材料、1份中抗材料,而其他均为感病和高度感病材料。其中抗性（含中抗）材料占40%、感病材料占60%,成株期田间调查结果与苗期接种结果基本一致。说明苗期接种结果准确,接种方法可靠。同时还说明我们现有的黄瓜种质资源中蕴藏着对改良黑斑病抗性有潜在应用价值的基因资源。     

Effect of increasing climatic water deficit on some leaf and stomatal parameters of wild and cultivated almonds under Mediterranean conditions

The prevailing environmental conditions, temperature in particular, drive seasonal changes both in leaf development and stomatal characteristics. In order to ascertain the effect of increases in climatic water deficit on some leaf and stomatal parameters under field conditions, a study was carried out on two sets of leaves (spring and summer) on a large sample of Amygdalus communis L. cultivars in comparison with several Amygdalus webbii Spach seedlings, a species more adapted to arid environments and probable ancestor of cultivated almonds. Observations were performed between spring and summer of a particularly hot season. The results showed a significant and general reduction of both leaf area and stomatal frequency and an increase in stomatal size. Nevertheless, there were evident differences between cultivated and wild almonds. A stronger reduction of leaf area was observed in A. webbii (−31%) with respect to A. communis (−14%); on the contrary, the latter reduced stomatal frequency more than the former (−25% and −19%, respectively). The examined cultivated almonds, in response to the increase in climatic water deficit, tended to arrange their stomatal structures like those of wild almonds. Finally, increasing the climatic water deficit, the slope of the linear regressions between stomatal frequency and size did not change in either species, leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms of almond acclimation to environmental stresses.     

Responses of leaf photosynthesis and plant growth to altered source–sink balance in a Japanese and a Dutch tomato cultivar

We investigated the effects of altered source/sink ratio by leaf or fruit pruning on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and whole-plant growth of ‘Momotaro York’, a Japanese cultivar, and ‘Dundee’, a Dutch cultivar and verified a hypothesis for sink-limitation of plant growth proposed by Tanaka and Fujita (1974). Plants were grown hydroponically with a high-wire system in a greenhouse for 11 weeks. Light-saturated photosynthesis of young, fully expanded leaves measured at atmospheric CO₂ partial pressure of 37 Pa and at an intercellular CO₂ partial pressure of 20 Pa was not influenced by alteration of source/sink ratio for either cultivar. Although soluble sugars were accumulated in leaves under high source/sink conditions, the amount of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, a rate-limiting factor for CO₂-limited photosynthesis, was not affected by the altered source–sink balance. Net assimilation rate of a whole plant increased with decreasing source/sink ratio, but this can be accounted for by the changes in light interception per unit leaf area, without taking the source–sink relationship into consideration. It was concluded that the altered source/sink ratio did not change leaf photosynthetic capacity and the sink-limitation hypothesis cannot be applied to either cultivar under the conditions of the present study.