高CO2浓度和剪叶疏花对水稻‘Y两优2号’ 产量形成的影响

利用稻田FACE(Free Air CO_2 Enrichment)平台,以创造世界高产纪录的超级稻组合‘Y两优2号’为试验材料,CO_2处理设环境CO_2浓度[(382.5±2.0)μmol·mol-1]和高CO_2浓度(增200μmol·mol-1)两个水平,齐穗期源库改变设对照、剪除剑叶(剪1叶)、剪除所有功能叶(剪3叶)以及相间剪除一次枝梗(疏花),研究开放条件下高CO_2浓度对不同源库处理水稻产量及其构成因子的影响。结果表明,对没有进行剪叶疏花处理的水稻(即对照)而言,高CO_2浓度使‘Y两优2号’籽粒产量平均增加12%,这主要与每穗颖花数和结实能力均略有增加有关。高CO_2浓度使剪1叶、剪3叶处理水稻的产量分别增加26%和57%,这主要与饱粒率和所有籽粒平均粒重均大幅增加有关。对齐穗期疏花处理水稻而言,高CO_2浓度导致的产量增幅与对照水稻接近。与对照相比,齐穗期剪1叶、剪3叶处理使水稻籽粒产量分别降低17%和52%,均达极显著水平,这主要与饱粒率和所有籽粒平均粒重均显著下降有关;尽管齐穗期疏花处理使水稻结实能力显著增加,但因每穗颖花数减半,产量大幅下降(-29%)。籽粒最终产量对高CO_2浓度的响应与饱粒率和所有籽粒平均粒重的响应呈显著正相关。以上结果表明,水稻齐穗期人为改变源库比例(特别是剪叶)可以改变籽粒结实能力和最终产量对高CO_2浓度的响应。     

Increase of in vitro regeneration in Malus domestica by the application of phosphatase inhibitors

The effect of the phosphatase inhibitors sodium fluoride and sodium orthovanadaate on adventitious shoot regeneration from primary leaf explants was tested in eight genotypes of apple Malus domestica Borkh. Ten different concentrations between 0.5 and 100μM of each substance were added to a modified Murashige and Skoog regeneration medium containing 0.9 μM TDZ and 0.5 μM IBA. In general, all the con-centrations tested were able to promote shoot formation, although distinct maxima could be observed depending upon the genotype and the inhibitor. Shoot yield was influenced mostly by the genotype and by the concentration of the inhibitor, as well as the interaction between these two factors. In six of the eight genotypes the total number of regenerated shoots increased significantly compared with the control. This was achieved by an increase of the number of regenerating explants as well as the number of shoots per regenerating explant Comparing these results with those of former publications, application of the two phosphatase inhibitors resulted in an improved regeneration response in the corresponding genotypes. This method may also contribute to the understanding of in vitro regeneration in plants.     

辽宁省番茄叶霉病菌生理小种分化研究

１９９２ ～１９９６ 年,从辽宁省不同生态地区共采集番茄叶霉病菌标样６７ 份,采用国际通用的鉴别寄主进行生理小种鉴定,结果表明,该省番茄叶霉病菌以生理小种１．２ ．３ 为主,是当前生产上流行的优势小种,而１ ．２ ．３ ．４ 为稀有小种。     

多年生黑麦草高频再生体系的建立及农杆菌介导PEPC基因的转化

以多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)成熟种子作为外植体,建立其高频再生体系,通过农杆菌介导法将磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)基因转入,为多年生黑麦草的抗逆转基因工作奠定基础。结果表明:种子充分灭菌后在附加6.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D的培养基中诱导愈伤组织,诱导率可达61.33%。愈伤组织在2,4-D浓度减半的培养基上继代培养长势良好,分化培养基为MS培养基附加1.0 mg·L^-16-BA,分化率最高达到61.33%,在1/2 MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中进行生根培养,生根率达100%。以该再生体系为基础,将获得的愈伤组织作为外植体进行遗传转化,经筛选培养后得到再生植株,通过PCR及实时荧光定量(Real-Time)PCR验证表明PEPC基因已成功转入,转化率为8.67%。试验结果将为多年生黑麦草抗性品种的研究奠定基础。     

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.     

三种方法加工的豆乳的风味特点

分别从感官和风味成分含量上对中国传统豆乳、热水碾磨豆乳和焙烤豆乳3种不同方法加工的豆乳进行比较.从感官评价上来看,中国传统豆乳不但其豆腥味浓郁而且甜香味、谷物味也很浓郁,热水碾磨豆乳和焙烤豆乳则都较弱.从风味成分含量来看,中国传统豆乳中呈现豆腥味的己醛、正己醇、1-辛烯-3-醇的含量都远远高于热水碾磨豆乳和焙烤豆乳,含量分别是他们的276、76;23、17;4、2倍,而且中国传统豆乳中呈现清香味、甜香味的反-2-辛烯醛,反-2-壬烯醛的含量分别是热水碾磨豆乳和焙烤豆乳的3.7、7.1和5.8、8.3倍.这3种豆乳风味的特点都与脂肪氧化酶活性呈正相关关系.     

Effects of liver regeneration on the proliferation of rat fetal hepatocytes after intrasplenical transplantation

AIM:To study the effect of environment of liver regeneration on the proliferation of rat fetal hepatocytes after intrasplenical transplantation. METHODS:Fetal hepatocytes isolated from 3-week SD rat fetuses bred were transplanted into the spleens of liver regeneration model rats with 70% partial hepatectomy. The cell cycle of the hepatocytes in the remnants liver was analyzed by flow cytometer and the density dimensions of the donor fetal hepatocytes in spleen were measured by image analysis system 7 and 30 days post-transplantation, respectively. RESULTS:Compared with the control group, the proportions of S and G₂ /M cells in the remnants liver were obviously decreased (P＜0.05), but the density dimensions of the donor fetal hepatocytes in spleen increased significantly (P＜0.05) in rats with hepatectomy 7 days post-transplantation. CONCLUSION:The environment of liver regeneration is propitious to the proliferation of fetal hepatocytes after transplantation into spleen.     

ABC转运蛋白与巴西橡胶树产胶代谢

ABC转运蛋白（ATPBindingCassettetransporter）是目前已知最大、功能最广泛的蛋白家族之一。大多数ABC转运蛋白都能利用水解ATP释放的能量直接转运底物。许多研究结果显示,植物ABC转运蛋白在各种代谢产物的跨膜转运中起着重要作用。橡胶的产胶代谢是一种典型的植物类异戊二烯次生代谢．是影响橡胶产量的首要因素。相关实验结果显示,ABC转运蛋白可能参与橡胶树产胶代谢。本文介绍了模式植物拟南芥中的ABC转运蛋白研究进展,并对ABC转运蛋白与橡胶树产胶代谢的关系进行讨论。     

鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris filix-mas)天山云杉林倒木更新分析

对西天山国家级自然保护区1 hm2典型鳞毛蕨天山云杉林临时标准地内,倒木对更新的影响进行了研究.结果表明:①研究区中所有倒木的平均倾倒方向为西北方向,具有更新个体存在的倒木平均倾倒方向为东北方向;②倒木的倾倒方向对倒木的更新没有显著影响(F3,51=0.645,P=0.589),而倒木的腐朽等级对倒木的更新存在显著影响(F2,51=3.215,P=0.048);③不同腐朽等级倒木上幼苗、幼树的出现概率不同,能为幼苗、幼树生长提供生境的倒木只有腐朽等级高的Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ级倒木,且倒木腐朽等级越高,对幼苗、幼树的生长越有利.