Effect of Developmental Stages Length on Yield and some Quality Traits of Turkish Durum Wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum turgidum</Emphasis> L. Convar. <Emphasis Type="Italic">durum</Emphasis> (Desf.) Mackey) Landraces: Influence of Developmental Stages Length on Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat

The study aimed at exploring durum wheat landraces to be utilized in breeding programs. 566 single durum wheat plants selected from 117 populations collected from 12 provinces were studied. The selected material was planted for characterizing their some qualitative and quantitative traits such as percent vitreousness, pearling index, grain protein content, seed yield and thousand kernel weight; as well as determining time frame for germination-tillering, germination-shooting, germination-heading, germination-maturity, tillering-shooting (T-S), tillering-heading (T-H), tillering-maturity, shooting-heading, shooting-maturity, and heading-maturity. Mean, coefficient of variation, and confidence intervals (0.95) were computed for each of 12 provinces, for altitudinal origins with 200 m of ranges and, for each of two geographical regions separately. The highest variation existed for number of days between T-H and the lowest for number of days between T-S. The highest variation within developmental stages was observed in samples from Diyarbakir with a CV of 32.96%, from 600 to 799 altitude range with a CV of 18.86%, and from Southeast Anatolia with a CV of 20.12%.     

Diversity and distribution patterns of enset landraces in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia

Diversity and distribution of enset landraces (clones) were investigated in 300 randomly selected peasant households at ten different locations in the Sidama region of Ethiopia using presence-or-absence data. A total of 86 named landraces were recorded, making the region an area of remarkably high enset landrace diversity. A substantial fraction of the landraces had a restricted distribution range and low abundance while a number were moderately common with the remaining few being cosmopolitan. Regional distribution was positively correlated with local abundance, such that more widespread landraces were also typically more abundant (r = 0.78, p < .01). Landrace diversity was not evenly distributed throughout the region, the highest diversity being recorded in mountain areas (r = 0.71, p < .05). Farmers exchange planting materials extensively, resulting in a fairly high (up to 70%) coefficient of similarity among sites. Implications for the collection and conservation of enset genetic resources are discussed.     

长白猪胴体组成与瘦肉率的关系

选择杭州市种猪试验场长白猪第８个世代的３４头猪进行肥育与屠宰试验。结果表明,瘦肉率与肩胸块率和腿臀块率有呈正相关的趋势（Ｐ〉０．０５）,而与颈块率和腰腹块率有呈负相关的趋势（Ｐ〉０．０５）,而且腿臀块与肩胸块的肉率最高,其与瘦肉率的相关也最大,说明适当选留肩胸部和腿臀部较发达的猪,有利于提高猪群的瘦肉率。瘦肉率与皮脂率和背腰处膘厚呈很强的负相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）,而与胴体长和眼肌面积呈正相关（Ｐ〈０     

The Association Analysis Between 4 Major Genes and Reproductive Traits in British Landrace Pigs

The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes associated with reproduction traits and explore the available molecular marker in British Landrace pig breed. The PCR-RFLP technique was applied to analyze the distribution of estrogen receptor (ESR), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), leptin (LEP) and follicle-stimulating hormone β (FSHβ) genes in British Landrace pigs. The genetic effects of ESR, RBP4, LEP and FSHβ on the reproductive traits included total number born, number born alive, weaning weight of litter, weaning piglet, which were analyzed by using least square method of SPSS 19.0 software. This results demonstrated that A was dominant allele in ESR, RBP4, LEP genes, and B was dominant allele in FSHβ gene. The result of χ² test showed that the polymorphic sites of LEP, FSHβ genes were fit with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05), while this site of ESR and RBP4 were not fit with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.01). In addition, the statistical analysis indicated that the total number born, number born alive and number of alive weaning litter with BB genotype of LEP were higher than AA genotype, which were significantly increased by 1.3219, 1.6855 and 1.1710 (P<0.05), respectively;The FSHβ loci had a remarkable effect on reproductive performance, the average weaning weight with BB genotype was significantly higher than AA genotype, which was significantly increased by 5.1129 kg (P<0.05). The ESR and RBP4 loci had no significant effect on reproductive traits (P>0.05), while the LEP and FSHβ genes were valuable candidates for possible marker-assisted selection in British Landrace pigs population.     

农家大豆种质对花叶病毒病N1和N3株系的抗性鉴定

农家品种作为重要的种质资源,其抗病性鉴定对大豆遗传育种材料的选择至关重要。采用摩擦接种法对46份农家大豆种质进行N1和N3株系的抗性鉴定。结果表明:对N1株系表现高抗的农家种质为6份,分别是铁荚子、天鹅蛋、青仁黑豆、黑豆、大青仁和冬豆;对N3株系表现高抗的农家种质为6份,分别是铁荚子、天鹅蛋、青仁黑豆、黑豆、化眉豆和小白脐;对N1和N3株系均表现高抗的种质为4份,分别是铁荚子、天鹅蛋、青仁黑豆、黑豆。这为SMV抗性育种奠定了材料基础。利用前期研究获得的与大豆花叶病毒病抗性基因相关的SSR标记Satt114,进行分子辅助鉴定,46份农家种质通过Satt114分子辅助鉴定,共筛选出8份抗大豆花叶病毒病种质,分别是铁荚子、黑豆、天鹅蛋、大青仁、青仁黑豆、冬豆、丰地黄、小白脐,其中丰地黄和小白脐的鉴定结果与摩擦接种法的鉴定结果不符,需进一步试验鉴定。     

利用配合力类型互补培育高产低皮壳油用向日葵杂交种的探讨

利用油用向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.)的5个不育系和6个恢复系，按NCⅡ交配设计配制30个杂交组合，分析了F1单株产量性状和皮壳率性状的配合力及其互补关系。结果表明：皮壳率主要是由基因加性效应控制的，非性效应很小；单株产量是由基因加性效应和非加性效应共同控制的。因此，可选用皮壳率一般配合力较低而产量特殊配合力较高的品种或自交系做亲本，即利用两种性状配合力类型的互补，以获得高产低皮壳率的杂交种。     

长白和大白猪主要生长性状的遗传参数估计

旨在分析母猪的出生年份、出生季节、初生重、开测日龄等固定效应对长白、大白猪主要生长性状的影响,并对目标生长性状进行遗传参数估计(遗传力、遗传方差、表型相关和遗传相关),为猪的遗传改良提供基本依据.本试验利用GLM模型分析试验猪群(398头长白猪和1176头大白猪)的固定效应对猪生长性状的影响,并采用多性状动物模型对目标...     

长白猪典范选择指数的构建与通径分析化研究

围绕长白猪选育目标,将典范分析与通径分析有机结合,实现了典范选择指数相关遗传进展的剖分,为构建和评价典范选择指数提供了一种有效方法。     

长白猪血浆酶活性与胴体性状的相关研究

采用通用线性模型分析研究了 4种猪血浆酶活性与 4个胴体性状的相关关系。结果表明 :GPT对皮厚、γ- GT对胴体长达到显著的正效应 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,Amy对眼肌面积达到极显著正效应 (P<0 .0 1)     

中东大麦群体农艺性状多样性与生态地理因素的关联分析

将216份大麦材料(引自中东5个不同生态地区的5个野生大麦自然群体和其相应地区的5个农家种大麦群体)分2a种植在陕西关中地区,对其9个主要农艺性状进行分析。结果表明,大麦群体间分别在株高、穗长、芒长、穗下节长、旗叶宽、旗叶长、穗粒数、分蘖数等农艺性状上存在显著差异,大麦群体间总体表现出丰富的遗传多样性,野生大麦群体间多样性高于农家种。3个地区的大麦农艺性状差异更加显著;野生大麦群体间多样性高于其群体内,而农家种大麦群体间多样性低于其群体内。试验材料的农艺性状和来源地生态地理环境关联分析表明,部分性状可以和生态地理环境相关联,主要是和作物产量相关的农艺性状与温度、降水量及海拔等因素相关联;与农家种大麦相比,野生大麦与生态地理环境的关联更为密切。