水稻两段栽培技术在浉河区生产上的应用成效

介绍了水稻两段栽培技术的原理和方法,以及信阳市浉河区推广水稻两段栽培技术在减肥控氮、节本增效等方面取得的主要成效和主要做法。     

江苏淮北地区17个优质粳稻品种适应性筛选试验

为促进优质食味粳稻品种在江苏淮北地区的推广应用,于2019年引进17个优质食味粳稻品种,以徐稻9号为对照,从生育期、抗逆性、丰产性、品质等方面进行综合评价。结果表明,供试的17个品种均能在安全齐穗期内齐穗(该地区安全齐穗期为9月15日前),生育期均处于安全期范围内。比对照增产的品种有7个,其中瑞华1903产量最高,达10888.5 kg/hm^2;圣稻022生育期最短,仅131 d;南粳518株高最矮,为95.7 cm。品质测定结果显示,武运粳1706整精米率和直连淀粉含量最高,分别达75.0%和16.2%;南粳5718、南粳518、南粳2728直链淀粉含量在10.0%左右,为优良食味粳稻品种。通过产量水平、农艺性状、生育期和品质等综合分析认为,供试品种中南粳518、南粳2728丰产性较好、株高较矮,且均为优良食味品种,生产中不仅产量潜力高、米质较优,同时早熟能有效规避低温危害和缓解淮北地区稻麦茬口季节紧张矛盾,适合淮北中熟中粳稻区人工栽插、机插和直播条件下大面积推广应用。     

深两优5814作烟后稻旱育抛秧高产栽培技术

深两优5814系国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心深圳清华龙岗研究所用"Y58S"与自选"恢复系丙4114"组配选育的优质、高产、抗病的两系超级杂交水稻新品种,属弱感光型。2009年宁化县引进种植,根据其特征特性并结合宁化县的气候条件,总结深两优5814作烟后稻旱育抛秧高产栽培技术。     

晚稻机收留高茬紫云英迟播技术的应用效果研究

通过田间试验,研究了双季稻田晚稻机械收获留高茬后紫云英迟播的应用效果。结果表明,与传统紫云英播种技术相比,晚稻机械收获留高茬紫云英迟播显著缩短了紫云英的生育期,但其盛花期能保持与传统播种技术一致,对下茬早稻作物的种植没有影响;两种播种方法对盛花期鲜草产量、植株养分含量和养分积累量均没有显著影响,说明迟播播种能达到与传统播种一样的肥田目的;迟播对紫云英的种子产量及产量构成因素均没有明显影响,与传统播种技术相比可节约劳动力成本约45元/hm2,且可避免传统播种方法对晚稻植株的伤害。在现代双季稻种植条件下,晚稻机械收获留高茬紫云英迟播技术具有较大的优势和发展前景。     

2016—2018年度国家区试小麦品种品质性状灰色关联度分析与评价

为研究近年来参试小麦品系品质状况并筛选优质品种,对2016—2018年参加国家冬麦区黄淮南片水地组品种区域试验的20个小麦新品系的5个性状进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,各指标与品质综合评价值的关联度(r_i)和权重(r_j)2年均表现为容重>湿面筋含量/吸水率>蛋白质含量>稳定时间。2017年5个品种综合评价值高于对照,2018年10个品种综合评价值高于对照。‘郑科麦136’连续2年综合评价值列首位。无论是否考虑各指标对品质影响的权重,‘漯麦26’品质2年间差异最小。灰色关联度分析法在品质性状评价中具有一定的科学性,但受评价指标较少、各指标赋权合理性的影响,有一些局限性。在品种应用时应根据最终用途进行细化评价,不同类型的品质参数应分别做灰色关联度分析,以保证分析结果准确。     

Agronomic performance of an IR64 introgression line with large leaves derived from New Plant Type rice in aerobic culture

Aerobic culture is a promising water-saving technology in irrigated rice ecosystems, but the vulnerability of plants to fluctuations in soil moisture constrains leaf expansion and yield. The objective of this study was to examine whether an aboveground architecture with large leaves and reduced tillering is associated with vigorous leaf growth in aerobic rice culture. In a series of field experiments, we evaluated the agronomic performance of an IR64 introgression line, YTH323 (IR84640-11-27-1-9-3-2-4-2-2-2-B), with fewer tillers and larger leaves than IR64, derived from New Plant Type rice, under various water and nitrogen conditions. In flooded culture, YTH323 yielded the same as IR64 and 38% more than IR65564-44-51 (a New Plant Type rice) (9.0 vs. 6.6 t ha⁻¹). In aerobic culture, in contrast, it yielded 81% more than IR64 in slightly dry soils (5.1 vs. 2.8 t ha⁻¹). YTH323 had a higher leaf area index than IR64 and IR65564-44-51 under slightly dry soil conditions and under a range of nitrogen conditions. The higher and more stable yield of YTH323 in aerobic culture was attributable to greater early vigor, high specific leaf area, a high ratio of leaf weight to total biomass, and larger leaves, along with the characteristics of high-yield cultivars such as high responsiveness to fertilizers and good grain filling. We conclude that genetic modification of the aboveground architecture of IR64, a typical tropical lowland rice cultivar, to reduce tiller and leaf number improves adaptation to aerobic culture.