Growth performance,carcass traits,physiochemical characteristics and intramuscular fatty acid composition of finishing Japanese black steers fed soybean curd residue and soy sauce cake

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary soybean curd residue (SCR) and soy sauce cake (SSC) on the growth performance, carcass traits and physiochemical and intramuscular fatty acid (FA) characteristics in Japanese Black steers. Ten steers (29.7 ± 0.3 months old, 856.6 ± 24.4 kg body weight) were assigned to either treatment C, fed a conventional concentrate or T, fed the test diet including dried SCR and SSC for 3 months. In growth performance, dry matter (DM) intake and average daily gain, and carcass traits did not differ significantly between the treatments. Color of beef was affected by the dietary treatments and meat samples from T showed higher a^* value and chroma than those in C. On FA composition, there was no significant difference between the treatments in neutral lipids, whereas in polar lipids, meat samples from T had higher C16:1 (P < 0.05) and tended to have higher C16:0 (P = 0.05) and C18:1 (P = 0.08), but lower C17:0 (P = 0.098), C18:2 (P = 0.06) and C20:4 (P = 0.07) than those from C. The study suggested that SCR and SSC could be used as a substitute for conventional concentrate and would influence meat color and intramuscular FA composition of polar lipids.     

Effects of a high milk intake during the pre‐weaning period on nutrient metabolism and growth rate in Japanese Black cattle

This study aimed to determine the effects of feeding an increased volume of high‐fat milk during the early post‐natal life on metabolite concentrations in the blood, the expression of key genes regulating intermediary metabolism in the skeletal muscles, and the rate of growth of Japanese Black cattle. All calves were fed a high‐fat milk replacer (crude protein, 26%; crude fat, 25.5%; total dissolved nitrogen, 116%). Control calves (n = 4) were nursed with 500 g milk replacer until 3 months of age, whereas calves in the experimental group (n = 4) were nursed with 1800 g milk replacer until 3 months, and then the volume was gradually reduced until 5 months. Body weight was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 7 months. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the experimental group. Expression of glucose‐transporter‐4 messenger RNA (mRNA) was lower, whereas that of glucose transporter 1, cluster of differentiation 36, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b mRNA was significantly higher in the Longissimus thoracis of the experimental group. Nutritional status during early post‐natal life appears to strongly influence the growth rate and glucose and lipid metabolism in Japanese Black cattle.     

The effects of transportation stress on Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica) fed corn‐based diet in comparison with wheat‐based diet supplemented with xylanase and phytase

Harvesting, handling and transporting quails to the slaughterhouses, other farms and laboratories might covertly reduce their welfare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two major sources of energy in poultry nutrition on reducing transportation stress in Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix japonica). Male quails (n = 60) were divided into two groups. The first group was fed corn‐based diet, and the second was fed wheat‐based diet supplemented with xylanase and phytase. At the end of the experiment (day 35), quails were subjected to 80 km of transportation. Immediately on arrival and after 24 h, heterophil counts, lymphocyte counts and H:L ratios were measured. On arrival, H counts were lower, L counts were higher, and H:L ratios were lower for corn‐fed group. After 24 h, wheat‐fed group showed lower increment of H counts, greater increment of L counts and also decrement of H:L ratios rather than corn‐fed group which showed increment of H:L ratios. However, these ratios were still lower in corn‐fed group. Results indicate that corn‐based diets can help Japanese quail to better resist transportation stress, although it seems that feeding wheat‐based diets supplemented with xylanase and phytase could have positive effects for coping better with stress after journeys.     

南沙群岛西南陆架区刺鲳资源状况的研究

根据2003年对南沙群岛西南陆架区渔业资源春秋两季调查的最新资料,分析了该海域刺鲳Psenopsis anomala(Temm inck et Schlegel)的资源状况。结果表明:刺鲳的渔获率、资源密度和资源量分别为0.97 kg/h、10.73 kg/km2和928.69 t;渔获率有明显的季节变动,秋季高于春季;其密集分布于水深为81~90 m(春季)和91~100 m(秋季)处;春季其平均体重、平均体长和优势体长组均大于秋季,其现存资源量为原始资源量的55.85%。针对该海域刺鲳鱼种资源的过度开发和利用,作者提出了一些合理保护和利用该资源的措施。     

猪日本脑炎病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

设计了1对引物,利用RT-PCR技术检测乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)。从GenBank中查出收录的31株猪乙型脑炎病毒E基因的已知序列,用DNA star软件对这31株猪乙型脑炎病毒E基因进行同源性分析,以确定扩增的靶序列。以这段靶区域为模板,利用Primer 5软件设计了1对引物,用减毒株SA14-14-2建立了检测乙脑病毒的RT-PCR方法,经敏感性,特异性试验测定,证明该方法敏感,特异;该法可检出样品稀释至256倍的鼠脑毒,相当于0.06个TCID50,对4株河北地区JEV分离株进行检测,结果所设计引物对4株病毒均能扩增出预期的片段。     

GM1 gangliosidosis in a Japanese domestic cat: a new variant identified in Hokkaido,Japan

A male Japanese domestic cat with retarded growth in Hokkaido, Japan, showed progressive motor dysfunction, such as ataxia starting at 3 months of age and tremors, visual disorder and seizure after 4 months of age. Finally, the cat died of neurological deterioration at 9 months of age. Approximately half of the peripheral blood lymphocytes had multiple abnormal vacuoles. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bisymmetrical hyperintensity in the white matter of the parietal and occipital lobes in the forebrain on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, and mild encephalatrophy of the olfactory bulbs and temporal lobes. The activity of lysosomal acid β-galactosidase in leukocytes was negligible, resulting in the biochemical diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis. Histologically, swollen neurons characterized by accumulation of pale, slightly granular cytoplasmic materials were observed throughout the central nervous system. Dysmyelination or demyelination and gemistocytic astrocytosis were observed in the white matter. Ultrastructually, membranous cytoplasmic bodies were detected in the lysosomes of neurons. However, genetic analysis did not identify the c.1448G>C mutation, which is the single known mutation of feline GM1 gangliosidosis, suggesting that the cat was affected with a new variant of the feline disease.     

猪乙脑病毒HW株的全基因组克隆及分析

流行性乙型脑炎(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)是一种中枢系统人畜共患急性传染病,由蚊为媒介传播,以高热和狂暴或沉郁等神经症状为特征[1],猪患乙型脑炎的主要症状表现为怀孕母猪流产,产死胎或弱仔,公猪则患睾丸炎,仔猪呈神经症状,使养猪业遭受巨大损失。1988年我国学者方     

运用植被指数时序特征对落叶松人工林分类

为探究植被指数时序特征是否有利于落叶松人工林提取,以孟家岗林场为研究试验区域,根据落叶松人工林季相和物候特征,利用Landsat8OLI影像数据提取研究区内5种植被的归一化植被指数(I NDV)、差值植被指数(I DV)、比值植被指数(I RV)、增强型植被指数(I EV),构建相应的植被指数时序特征。采用最大似然和随机森林两种方法对单一时相影像和加入植被指数时序特征的影像进行对比试验。结果表明:影像中加入植被指数时序特征后,最大似然算法的分类总体精度为89.53%,Kappa系数为0.87,比单一时序特征的影像分类精度提高了13.35%;随机森林算法的森林类型分类总体精度为93.22%,Kappa系数为0.92,比单一时序特征的影像分类精度提高了19.8%。因此,加入植被指数时序特征后能得到更高的落叶松人工林提取精度。     

森林抚育对华北落叶松生长影响的调查与分析

为研究森林抚育措施对华北落叶松生长的影响,在宝鸡市马头滩林业局选择华北落叶松人工纯林作为研究对象,对经过抚育措施后影响华北落叶松生长进行了调查与分析,结果表明:1、华北落叶松林分进行抚育后平均胸径和生长率都是增加。 2、华北落叶松林分进行抚育后平均胸径和生长率增长的年数不同,在抚育后2-3年达到了最大值,林分进行抚育后生长率变化规律是先增加后下降,呈正态曲线的变化趋势,说明其生长速度由于生长空间增大而加快。     

应力波在落叶松活立木中传播影响因素数值模拟

探究应力波在落叶松活立木中传播的影响因素,有助于研究应力波在人工林活立木中的传播机理。依据固体介质中的应力波传播理论和弹性力学理论,将活立木看作只由心材层和边材层组成的两层结构材料,基于活立木的正交各向异性假定,利用COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件对应力波在活立木中的传播进行了模拟计算,并研究了敲击载荷频率、活立木胸径和心材比对应力波传播的影响。结果表明,应力波波速随着载荷脉冲频率的增大而减小;对于胸径为10 cm的活立木模型,当传播距离达到1. 2 m时,应力波波阵面已经转换为一维平面波,而对于胸径超过30 cm的活立木模型,应力波在0～1. 2 m传播距离内是以三维膨胀波的形式传播;活立木胸径对应力波的传播速度有影响,当胸径小于10 cm时,波速较小且基本没有发生变化,当胸径从10 cm增加到40 cm时,应力波的波速随着活立木胸径的增加而增加,而当胸径超过40 cm时,波速略微增加后保持相对稳定;应力波在活立木中的波速随着心材比的增大而减小。胸径对应力波在活立木中的传播形式以及波阵面形状有影响,而敲击载荷频率和心材比对应力波在活立木中的传播形式以及波阵面形状没有影响,但三者都会对应力波的传播速度产生影响,数值模拟最佳的敲击载荷频率为2. 5 kHz,应力波在活立木中的传播速度不只取决于边材的力学性能,而是受到心材和边材的共同影响。