黔油12号双低杂交油菜制种技术研究Ⅲ.父母本不同行比群体经济性状变化及制种产量

为制定黔油12号大面积制种技术方案,明确黔油12号制种时父母本的适宜行比,试验父母本行比共设1:2、1:4、1:6、1:8、1:10、1:126个处理进行研究.结果表明:(1)因行比不同,单位面积上母本不育株数差异较大,行比1:6和1:8的不育株数较行比1:4的分别多124株和342株,行比1:10和1:12的不育株数比行比1:4的分别多461株和551株;(2)考察距父本行不同距离的母本行的经济性状,以距父本行第一行和第二行的全株有效角较多,距父本三行以上的千粒重高,但每角实粒数减少,单株产量随与父本距离加大而降低;不同行比母本群体经济性状以行比1:2～1:6的全株有效角较多,随行比加大,群体的平均每角实粒数减少,千粒重增加,单株产量逐渐降低.(3)在相同面积条件下,制种产量以行比1:6至1:10为佳,其中1:8的产量居第一位,为51.50kg/667m2;1:10的产量居第二位,为51.23kg/667m2;1:6的产量居第三位,为50.03kg/667m2.     

对两个亚热带优质蛋白玉米群体的适应性混合选择研究：Ⅱ.相关响应

在两个源于亚热带的优质蛋白玉米（ＱＰＭ）群体，中群１３和中群１４中，对早开花性状进行４轮混合选择，籽 粒产量和植株形态特征发生显著的相关响应。１９８９至１９９１年在北京作的４年评价试验中，中群１３和中群１４平均每轮每亩籽粒产量分别增加４１．８（２８．７％）和４１．５ｋｇ（２９．０％）。与线性回归响应（ｂ＝３７．４和４０．４ｋｇ）相吻合。１９９１年在北京、济南、武功、成都和海南三亚作的５点联合试验中     

Nitrogen isotope analysis of free glycine in soil using isotope dilution mass spectrometry

To enable the estimation of production and consumption rates of free glycine in soils through ¹⁵N isotope dilution experiments, an isotope dilution mass spectrometric method was developed. The method, which enabled high precision N isotope ratio determination of glycine in soil extracts at δ¹⁵N levels up to 4000‰ and concentrations from approximately 2 μM, is based on the following steps: (i) addition of glycine spike to the soil extract, (ii) removal of humic substances and pre-concentration of glycine using solid phase extraction, (iii) derivatization of amino acids, (iv) separation of the derivatives using gas chromatography (GC), (v) their combustion to yield sample N₂ gas, and (vi) finally the use of N isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Judging by uncertainty budget calculations, the precision obtained (SD=0.01-0.06 at% ¹⁵N) is sufficient for detecting differences in N isotopic ratios obtained in ¹⁵N isotope dilution experiments.     

Landsliding related to land-cover change: A diachronic analysis of hillslope instability distribution in the Sierra Norte,Puebla, Mexico

This study examines mass movement associated with land use change, particularly deforestation, from multiple perspectives. The significance of such understanding is related to the degree of impact landsliding may cause on human settlements and economic activities, and on forest ecosystems. In this paper, the distribution of hillslope instability in the Sierra Norte, Puebla, Mexico is addressed by means of a diachronic analysis, which involves the development of vegetation indexes, as well as vegetation fragmentation derived from Landsat-5 (TM) and Landsat-7 (ETM+) satellite images from 1989 and 1999, respectively. The time period was chosen to compare vegetation cover conditions prior and after the extreme October 1999 rainfall event that triggered hundreds of slope failures in the study area. Results suggested there was a significant vegetation reduction from 1989 to 1999, which was strongly expressed by an increase of 809 km² of bare surfaces. Additionally, areas with highest vegetation density (91–100%) decreased considerably, from 1245 to 363 km², resulting in a net vegetation reduction of 70%. Furthermore, it was possible to highlight that landslide concentration was much higher on surfaces that were bare and had low vegetation density (0–50%), representing 85% of hillslope instability, than on surfaces having a greater density of vegetation cover. Land use change and land degradation are precursors to environmental hazards, such as mass movement events, that pose serious threats to regional population distributions and economic vitality.     

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

重金属超富集植物龙葵对镉响应的蛋白组学分析

龙葵是典型的重金属超富集植物,但是我们对其重金属耐受和超富集的分子机理仍不完全清楚。为了从蛋白组学层面探究重金属超富集植物龙葵如何响应金属镉,本研究采用双向电泳和MALDI-TOF MS分析方法,鉴定了重金属超富集植物龙葵叶片和根中Cd胁迫下差异表达的蛋白。双向电泳在根和叶片中分别至少得到927和1 025个蛋白点,其中Cd胁迫下差异表达的蛋白点在根中有45个,叶片中有57个。采用MALDITOF MS分析,在根和叶片中分别鉴定了9个和12个蛋白点,分别代表了9个和6个差异表达的蛋白。生物信息学分析表明,这些蛋白涉及到激素合成、防御响应、能量代谢和细胞结构等。这些结果为进一步揭示重金属超富集植物龙葵响应Cd胁迫的分子调节机制,以及为通过现代生物技术手段进行重金属污染的植物修复提供了理论依据。     

Microbial immobilisation and turnover of N labelled substrates in two arable soils under field and laboratory conditions

Microbial biomass N dynamics were studied under field and laboratory conditions in soils of high yield (HY) and low yield (LY) areas in an agricultural field. The objective of the study was to determine the size and activity of soil microbial biomass in the soils of the different yield areas and to compare these data obtained under field and laboratory conditions. Soils were amended with ¹⁵N labelled mustard (Sinapis alba) residues (both experiments) and labelled nitrate (laboratory only) at 30 μg N g⁻¹ dry soil. Soil microbial biomass (SMB) N, mineral N (N_min) and total N content was monitored both in the field and in the laboratory. N₂O efflux was additionally measured in laboratory treatments. Isotope ratios were determined for SMB in both experiments, for all other parameters only in the laboratory treatments. In the laboratory less amounts of added substrate N were immobilised by the SMB in HY soils compared to LY soils, whereas in the field immobilisation of added N by SMB was higher in HY soils initially and slightly lower after 40 days of incubation. Calculated turnover times in the laboratory nitrate, laboratory mustard and field mustard amendments were 0.18, 0.27 and 0.74 years (HY) and 0.22, 0.61 and 1.01 years (LY), respectively. The turnover times of added substrate N always showed the trend to be faster in HY soils compared to LY soils. A faster turnover of nutrients in the HY soils may involve a better nutrient supply of the plants, which coincides with the higher agricultural yield observed in these areas.     

小麦V-CMS和杂种F1代线粒体蛋白质组表达差异

本研究以V型小麦恢复基因的近等基因系为基础材料,运用蛋白质组学技术对V-CMS及杂种F1黄化苗和幼穗时期线粒体蛋白质表达图谱进行了比较,分析了差异蛋白质点与CMS的关系.主要结果如下:(1)比较了黄化苗和幼穗线粒体蛋白质的表达图谱,鉴定了10个差异表达的蛋白质点,包括与能量代谢有关的F0-F1ATP酶复合物的亚基和一些...     

平原绿洲林业单位最佳经济效益比例初探

通过对 33.3hm2农、林、牧占地比例的合理调配 ,获得良好的经济效益 ,投产比达 1∶ 4。其农业面积∶用材林∶经济林∶牧业用地为 1.2∶ 0 .5∶0 .8,形成了良好的生态农业结构。     

长新桥大体积混凝土施工温度裂缝监控与分析

结合延吉长新高架桥扩大基础大体积混凝土浇筑施工情况,对其大体积混凝土温度监测结果进行了分析,探讨了大体积混凝土早期温度裂缝控制技术,证明所采取的措施是行之有效和切合实际的。