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31.
1. The aim of the study was to estimate the heritability of the laying performance in the cumulative and partial production of eggs and predict the breeding values of native Zatorska geese in a conservation programme using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) methodology. Second, the trajectory of the egg production curve was examined.

2. The data contain information about the laying performance of 1831 individuals in the first year of laying. To describe the trajectory of the laying performance, 10 mathematical models were tested. For the genetic parameter estimation of egg production, data from 1038 birds were used with a production higher than 20 eggs during the first season of laying.

3. The analysis of egg production was based on single and multi-trait models. Heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations between phases of the laying performance as well as breeding values were estimated.

4. The best adaptation to the goose egg laying curve was the Ali and Schaeffer model. The estimates of heritability were 0.20 (0.06 SE) using the single-trait model and ranged from 0.12 to 0.24 using the multi-trait model.

5. The results suggest that the BLUP method can support the conservation programme.  相似文献   

32.
以北京白鸡Ⅲ系七世代选择群和基础群为材料,估计选择产蛋量七个世代对蛋壳及蛋品质产生的相关反应.结果表明,经七个世代选择,产蛋量、蛋重、蛋白高度和哈夫单位都有所提高,而蛋壳厚度和蛋比重有一定程度下降.估计蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度和哈夫单位的遗传力分别是0.159 5、0.017 8和0.099 4.产蛋量与蛋白高度、哈夫单位和蛋壳厚度呈负遗传相关.选择产蛋量使蛋壳品质发生负向相关反应.  相似文献   
33.
应用单引物PCR指纹技术分析Vc-獭兔的分子遗传结构   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用1条小卫星引物M13(5’GAGGGTGGCGGTTCT3’)和2条微卫星引物(GTG)5、(GACA)4,对Vc—Ⅰ系、Vc—Ⅱ系獭兔、日本大耳白兔(JWR)和青紫蓝(QZL)4个品系各8只,总计32个个体的遗传结构进行了DNA指纹分析。结果,3条引物的扩增产物都呈现良好的多态性和稳定性;对每个品系混合DNA池进行分析,计算出了4个品系间及32个个体间的共有带率及遗传距离指数,通过聚类分析,得出各品系间和个体间欧式遗传距离,并绘制出4个品系间及各品系32个个体问的亲缘关系树状聚类图,从而初步建立了4个品系兔的SPAR指纹图谱。  相似文献   
34.
青脚白羽鸡测交羽色效应研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
青脚白羽鸡是近年来选育出的新品种,为了利用好该鸡种优良的种质特性,试验中用其他优良鸡种与其测交,以期使更多的优良性状组合在一起,甚至超过双亲,将杂交优势在生产中加以利用。目前的试验结果表明,以青脚白羽鸡作母本、川东大黑鸡作父本的测交组合经济性状效果最好,其测交的羽色遗传效应较复杂,认真研究该遗传效应,对于丰富遗传育种理论和指导育种实践有着重要的意义。  相似文献   
35.
利用经济学中的产权理论和委托-代理理论研究基因资源的产权配置与利益分享问题。首先利用产权理论从静态和动态两个方面比较了基因资源初始产权不同配置的经济效率,得出基因资源初始产权配置不同,经济效率也不同。基因资源的国家所有权形式的经济效率大于人类共同产权形式的经济效率。然后利用委托-代理理论分析了植物培育权利益分享问题,得出发达国家将利用基因资源培育出的新品种收益的一部分分配给发展中国家,能够实现双赢。  相似文献   
36.
Feed efficiency (FE) is the amount of body weight gain for a given feed intake. Improving FE through selective breeding is key for sustainable finfish aquaculture but its evaluation at individual level is technically challenging. We therefore investigated whether individual routine metabolic rate (RMR) was a predictor of individual FE in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, a major species in European mariculture. The European sea bass has three genetically distinct populations across its geographical range, namely Atlantic (AT), West Mediterranean (WM), and East Mediterranean (EM). We compared FE and RMR of fish from these three populations at 18 or 24 °C. We held 200 fish (62 AT, 66 WM, and 72 EM) in individual aquaria and fed them from ad libitum down to fasting. FI was assessed for an ad libitum feeding rate and for a fixed restricted ration (1% of metabolic body weight·day−1, with metabolic body weight = body weight0.8). After being refed 12 wk in a common tank, individual RMR was measured over 36 h by intermittent flow respirometry. There was a significant effect of temperature whereby fish at 18 °C had greater mean FE (P < 0.05) and lower RMR (P < 0.001). There was also a significant effect of population, where AT fish had lower FE (P < 0.05) and greater RMR (P < 0.001) than WM and EM, at both temperatures. Despite these differences in temperature and population means, individual FE and RMR were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05). Therefore, although the results provide evidence of an association between metabolic rate and FE, RMR was not a predictor of individual FE, for reasons that require further investigation.  相似文献   
37.
Icelandic Cattle is a local dairy cattle breed in Iceland. With about 26,000 breeding females, it is by far the largest among the indigenous Nordic cattle breeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of genomic selection in Icelandic Cattle. Pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) and single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) were compared. Accuracy, bias, and dispersion of estimated breeding values (EBV) for milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), and somatic cell score (SCS) were estimated in a cross validation-based design. Accuracy (r^) was estimated by the correlation between EBV and corrected phenotype in a validation set. The accuracy (r^) of predictions using ssGBLUP increased by 13, 23, 19, and 20 percentage points for MY, FY, PY, and SCS for genotyped animals, compared with PBLUP. The accuracy of nongenotyped animals was not improved for MY and PY, but increased by 0.9 and 3.5 percentage points for FY and SCS. We used the linear regression (LR) method to quantify relative improvements in accuracy, bias (Δ^), and dispersion (b^) of EBV. Using the LR method, the relative improvements in accuracy of validation from PBLUP to ssGBLUP were 43%, 60%, 50%, and 48% for genotyped animals for MY, FY, PY, and SCS. Single-step GBLUP EBV were less underestimated (Δ^), and less overdispersed (b^) than PBLUP EBV for FY and PY. Pedigree-based BLUP EBV were close to unbiased for MY and SCS. Single-step GBLUP underestimated MY EBV but overestimated SCS EBV. Based on the average accuracy of 0.45 for ssGBLUP EBV obtained in this study, selection intensities according to the breeding scheme of Icelandic Cattle, and assuming a generation interval of 2.0 yr for sires of bulls, sires of dams and dams of bulls, genetic gain in Icelandic Cattle could be increased by about 50% relative to the current breeding scheme.  相似文献   
38.
徐睿  李颜桃 《中国畜牧兽医》2018,45(9):2550-2558
为了解鸡源奇异变形杆菌的耐药情况、致病力和遗传特征,本试验从凉山地区分离得到2株细菌(YLF1、WS),通过培养特征、镜检特征和16S rRNA序列测定对分离菌进行鉴定及致病性试验;采用(K-B)法检测分离菌对14种常用抗生素(包括β-内酰胺类、头孢烯类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类)的敏感性;并与GenBank中公布的21种不同来源的变形杆菌16S rRNA基因序列进行遗传进化分析。结果表明,YLF1、WS菌株均具有迁徙性和β-溶血生长特征,镜检为革兰氏阴性长短不一的杆菌或球菌,经16S rRNA基因鉴定与GenBank中奇异变形杆菌同源性均在99%以上,YLF1、WS菌株确定为奇异变形杆菌,均表现为多重耐药,耐药率分别为78.6%(11/14)和71.4%(10/14);雏鸡致死率均为80%;YLF1、WS菌株与日本人体分离株、中国新疆黄牛分离株和中国广东土壤分离株同源性最高,达99.9%;与来自中国河南、中国新疆及印度的鸡源奇异变形杆菌同源性较高(98.9%~99.3%),遗传关系密切。表明凉山地区鸡群中存在奇异变形杆菌感染,分离株有较高的致病力和较强的耐药性,也提示分离菌可能来源于环境、感染鸡或其他动物,同时存在人畜共患的潜在危险。  相似文献   
39.
Invasive annual weeds negatively impact ecosystem services and pose a major conservation threat on semiarid rangelands throughout the western United States. Rehabilitation of these rangelands is challenging due to interannual climate and subseasonal weather variability that impacts seed germination, seedling survival and establishment, annual weed dynamics, wildfire frequency, and soil stability. Rehabilitation and restoration outcomes could be improved by adopting a weather-centric approach that uses the full spectrum of available site-specific weather information from historical observations, seasonal climate forecasts, and climate-change projections. Climate data can be used retrospectively to interpret success or failure of past seedings by describing seasonal and longer-term patterns of environmental variability subsequent to planting. A more detailed evaluation of weather impacts on site conditions may yield more flexible adaptive-management strategies for rangeland restoration and rehabilitation, as well as provide estimates of transition probabilities between desirable and undesirable vegetation states. Skillful seasonal climate forecasts could greatly improve the cost efficiency of management treatments by limiting revegetation activities to time periods where forecasts suggest higher probabilities of successful seedling establishment. Climate-change projections are key to the application of current environmental models for development of mitigation and adaptation strategies and for management practices that require a multidecadal planning horizon. Adoption of new weather technology will require collaboration between land managers and revegetation specialists and modifications to the way we currently plan and conduct rangeland rehabilitation and restoration in the Intermountain West.  相似文献   
40.
德系西门塔尔牛育种体系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
德系西门塔尔牛又名弗莱维赫,是欧洲著名的乳肉兼用品种。作者重点介绍了弗莱维赫牛遗传评定方法和育种组织体系。在德系西门塔尔牛育种体系中,政府只在宏观上监督育种组织和遗传评定工作。育种协会和人工授精协会遵循市场价格杠杆,通过拍卖等形式充分调动农户的育种积极性,使农户、育种协会和人工授精协会都能在育种过程中获得经济效益,从而保证育种计划的顺利实施。  相似文献   
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