新疆博尔塔拉河干流段水量入,出关系分析

本研究运用线性系统的理论和单、双序列的频谱分析方法，分析了新疆博尔塔拉河干流段温泉站入流量、博乐站出流量的自谱特征和互谱关系。文中提出的几点结论可供流域水资源计算及评价参考     

谈施工缝留置与处理

本文论述了施工缝留置的原则、施工程序及处理施工缝的技术要求。     

十字花科芸薹属种间杂种营养优势的利用研究

选用4个油菜雄性不育系和三种类型十字花科芸薹属种, 研究了不同杂交组合的亲和性, 杂种一代的营养优势表现和杂种营养优势的生理基础以及品质性状表现. 结果表明: 利用油菜雄性不育系与其它十字花科芸薹属种间杂交可以显著提高种间杂交的亲和性, 并具有细胞质遗传效应. 通过杂交制种可以获得大量的杂种应用于生产. 十字花科     

陆地棉×亚洲棉F_0成胚频数与亲本主要产量性状配合力的关系

陆地棉×亚洲棉F_0成胚频数主要受母本陆地棉的影响,不同的7个陆地棉品种间存在着显著差异.成胚频数高的6901和朝阳1号,单铃子棉重、单铃种子数、子指一般配合力亦均高;而成胚频数低的6913和黑山棉,上述各性状的一般配合力也均低.在7个父本亚洲棉中,与陆地棉杂交当代成胚频数高的束鹿白花和完紫,其子指的一般配合力也较高.因此,选择单铃子棉重、单铃种子数、子指一般配合力较高的陆地棉作母本与子指一般配合力较高的亚洲棉作父本杂交,可以显著提高种间杂交当代的成胚频数.     

Methods of overcoming interspecific barriers in Trifolium

Summary Barriers to interspecific hybridization in Trifolium were investigated by manipulation of mentor pollen treatments, ploidy levels, and compatibility and male sterility systems. Crosses involving the addition of mentor pollen produced fewer seeds and hybrids than crosses involving normal pollination. Lower seed set with mentor pollen was deduced to result from the use of less viable pollen, approximately half the pollen having been killed by alcohol. Pollinations at the diploid level resulted in more hybrids than at the tetraploid level, perhaps because genes for male sterility produced higher female sterility in the tetraploids. The self-compatible stock produced more seeds, mostly selfs, than the self-incompatible stock, but produced more hybrids only in one cross, T. pratense L. × T. diffusum Ehrh. The use of male-sterile female parents reduced selfing but produced fewer hybrids than male-fertile female parents. Techniques of this study were designed to affect prefertilization barriers, but the lack of effect may indicate that postfertilization barriers in Trifolium are of greater importance.Journal Article No. 98-3-208 of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Published with approval of the Director.     

陆地棉与7个野生棉杂种细胞学研究

分析了四倍体栽培种陆地棉与辣根棉、哈克尼西棉、旱地棉、雷蒙德氏棉、裂片棉、异常棉和司笃克克棉等二倍体野生棉种间杂种Ｆ１的细胞学，花粉母细胞中期Ｉ染色体平均构型依次为：１４．６２Ⅰ＋１１．９３Ⅱ＋０．１７Ⅲ、１４．２１Ⅰ＋１２．３６Ⅱ＋０．０２Ⅲ、１１．７０Ⅰ＋１３．５２Ⅱ＋０．０９Ⅲ、１３．５６Ⅰ＋１２．７２Ⅱ、１４．１０１＋１２．２７Ⅱ＋０．１２Ⅲ、２８．１９Ⅰ＋５．１６Ⅱ＋０．１６Ⅲ和３１．２     

水稻质核互作雄性不育系选育的反向杂交法研究

不同的部分保持系可能存在不同的微效恢复基因,通过有性杂交,产生基因重组,能够获得完全保持系类型,但只有在不育细胞质中才能观察得到微效恢复基因是否存在以及它们的作用大小.反向杂交法以不育细胞质为选择背景,在杂交后代植株中直接观察到微效恢复基因的表达,获得的完全不育株,在一定程度上排除微效恢复基因,不育株再通过高温处理转换为可育后自交,来自不育株的微效恢复基因可以进一步排除掉,从而产生出没有(或很少)微效恢复基因的"亲本",利用该"亲本"高温处理后仍可转换为可育的特性,作为父本进行杂交或回交育种,在其后代中获得没有微效恢复基因的完全保持系.该研究为Cp 26不育细胞质源创造出了完全保持系.如果在田间鉴定出优异的完全不育株,对其进行单倍体育种(诱导孤雌生殖或花培),选择到没有(或很少)微效恢复基因的纯合不育株.再对其进行花培,筛选可育的突变体;或者利用纯合不育株的原生质体与一个已破坏细胞核的可育系原生质体融合,都可能得到具有纯合不育株细胞核和可育细胞质的保持系,而能够完善和改进反向杂交法.反向杂交法不但能够为所谓不能保持的不育细胞质源创造出保持系,而且有利于加强新不育系选育的目标性和预见性,提高不育系配合力和培育不同类型优异不育系.     

A new source of cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower

Summary Interspecific substitutions of the nucleus of Helianthus annuus (2n=34) cv. Saturn into the cytoplasm of H. petiolaris (2n=34) by successive backcrossing, resulted in progenies with indehiscent anthers containing white, rather than normal yellow, pollen. Further backcrossing by cv. Saturn failed to restore pollen shed, suggesting that the male sterility was cytoplasmic. In vivo germination tests of pollen from 23 such plants from eight BC₅ lines, indicated complete pollen sterility for 14 plants, but normal seed set, suggesting that female fertility was not affected. Meiosis in all plants examined was normal.Crosses between seven sources of pollen-fertility restorer, one collection of wild H. annuus, and an existing source of cytoplasmic male sterility, resulted in a high frequency of plants with normal pollen shed in all F₁ progenies. However, no normal pollen shed was evident in F₁ progenies for similar crosses between BC₅ male-steriles and three of the seven restorer sources, nor for the single wild H. annuus evaluated. The foregoing suggests that the backcross substitution lines are a new source of cytoplasmic male sterility. The inheritance of restoration of pollen shed was complex and not fully elucidated. Some data suggested that two independent, complementary, dominant genes were required, but others indicated two to three independent, dominant genes.     

中棉与纳尔逊氏棉（G. nelsonii Fryx）种间杂种F1的研究

本文研究了中棉（Gossypium arboreum race sinense）与纳尔逊氏棉（G. nelsonii Fryx） 种间杂种F1的一些形态性状的遗传变异及花粉母细胞减数分裂的染色体行为。杂种一代呈筒形，全株密集如毡的绒毛，叶片缺刻浅，似纳尔逊氏棉。除第一朵花为闭花外，其余均为开放花，呈玫瑰红色。少数花药退化成托叶状。减数分裂中期I的染     

Production of interspecific hybrids between Glycine max and G. tomentella through embryo culture

Summary Interspecific hybrids have been obtained in an incompatible cross between Glycine max and G. tomentella through the in vitro culture of hybrid embryos. The percentage of successful pod setting in the crosses averaged 12.8% but there were marked differences depending on the soybean cultivar used as the female parent. Hybrid embryos at globular to heart stages were extracted from the embryo sac 15–25 days after pollination and cultured in vitro. Hybrid plants were successfully obtained by culturing the embryos on B5 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IBA followed by culture on B5 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l TBA plus 0.25 mg/l 2-iP. The F1 plants resembled the wild male parent in growth form, but had an intermediate leaf shape between that of the parents.