Home range size and daytime habitat selection of leopards in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand

Leopards (Panthera pardus) are endangered in South East Asia yet little is known about which resources need to be secured for their long-term conservation or what numbers of this species this region can support. This study uses radio telemetry to investigate seasonal variation in habitat selection and home range size of Leopards in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Over a five year period, 3690 locations were recorded from nine individuals. The mean ± standard error of fixed kernel home range size for six adult females was 26 ± 8.2 km², for two adult males was 45.7 ± 14.8 and for two sub-adult females was 29 km² ± 5.5. Adult female wet and dry season home range sizes did not differ significantly. One adult male showed an increase in home range size from dry to wet seasons. Estimated density was 7 adult females/100 km², which suggests 195 adult female leopards living in Huai Kha Khaeng alone, thus highlighting the larger Western Forest Complex’s potential contribution to leopard conservation. Compositional analysis of second and third order habitat selection suggested mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forest types, flat slope and areas close to stream channels are important landscape features for leopards. These results can help formulate a much needed conservation strategy for leopards in the region.     

苏北典型乡村聚落的时空演变特征研究——以东海县为例

为探讨乡村聚落的时空演变特征,以江苏省东海县为研究对象,基于1990年、2000年、2010年和2020年研究区乡村聚落图斑数据,采用景观格局指数、标准差椭圆、核密度、可达性和空间自相关分析等方法,测度与评估研究区乡村聚落用地时空变化特征。结果表明：1)1990—2020年东海县乡村聚落总面积与平均面积呈逐年递增的趋势,伴随着聚落总面积的逐步增加,聚落斑块数量逐步减少;研究区乡村聚落先后经历了“点状增加-块状增加与减少并存-点、带式同步小幅增加”的过程。乡村聚落增减变化以点状变化和块状变化为主,其中块状变化主要分布于县城区和建制镇周围;2)东海县乡村聚落基本空间格局较为稳定,保持“西—东”方向分布。从方向上看,研究区1990—2020年乡村聚落重心经历了“东北—南向—东移”的方向转换过程;3)1990—2020年东海县乡村聚落变化由缓慢变化期到快速波动期再进入平稳发展期,整体呈协调发展态势;4)1990—2020年,东海县乡村聚落增减变化受到城镇、交通和水源可达性小于15 min的影响较大,随着乡村经济发展水平的提高,农村生活方式的现代化转变,乡村聚落更倾向于靠近城镇与交通干线扩展,临...     

穗位高系数对玉米产量及产量构成的影响

为探究穗位高系数对玉米产量及产量构成的影响,采用125份玉米材料开展大田试验,测定株高、穗位高、穗位高系数、单穗粒数、千粒重及产量等性状指标。同时对1985—2019年可查文献中已发表的相关数据进行Meta分析。结果表明：1)株高和穗位高对单穗粒数、千粒重、产量均有极显著影响(P<0.01);穗位高系数对单穗粒数和千粒重影响显著(P<0.05)。2)玉米株高分布在175.10～295.00 cm,穗位高在53.50—127.67 cm,穗位高系数在0.29～0.49,随着株高、穗位高、穗位高系数的增加,单穗粒数呈先上升后下降的趋势,当株高为267.76 cm,穗位高为99.46 cm,穗位高系数为0.40时,单穗粒数达到最大值;千粒重随着株高、穗位高、穗位高系数的增加先呈直线上升趋势,之后不再增加,千粒重达到最大值时,株高为292.25 cm,穗位高为80.95 cm,穗位高系数为0.50;产量随株高、穗位高的增加而增加,随着穗位高系数的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当穗位高系数为0.42时,产量达到最大值。3)对文献和本试验的数据分别进行决策树分析,结果均表明,株高较穗位高...     

玉米早期籽粒中强表达启动子的筛选

在植物基因表达调控的过程中,启动子作为调控基因表达的顺式元件起着重要作用。为了筛选在玉米早期籽粒中强表达的启动子,选取6个启动子pCaMV35SD、pUbiquitin、pZmActin1、pZmSTK2、pZm66589和pZmbHLH148,分别构建EGFP表达载体并转染玉米原生质体,快速验证载体功能构建的正确性;同时采用花粉磁转染法将6个表达载体导入玉米自交系郑58中,并对不同启动子驱动的EGFP载体在授粉后48h玉米籽粒中的荧光强度和荧光检出率进行观察和统计分析。结果表明,6个启动子驱动EGFP表达载体构建正确;pCaMV35SD启动子驱动EGFP表达载体的荧光最强,6个启动子驱动EGFP表达载体由强到弱依次为pCaMV35SD>pZmSTK2>pZm66589>pZmbHLH148>pUbiquitin>pZmActin1,其荧光检出率分别为27.17%、27.17%、29.83%、23.84%、13.40%和30.57%。     

山核桃仁碱法脱涩工艺研究

为探索一种利用NaHCO₃对山核桃仁脱涩的碱法脱涩工艺,基于综合了脱涩率与感官评分的响应值,通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化其工艺参数,并对比碱法脱涩与传统的沸水脱涩对山核桃仁游离酚、结合酚含量,以及过氧化值、碘值、酸价等指标的影响。结果显示:优化后的碱法脱涩工艺参数为脱涩温度65 ℃,脱涩时间100 min,NaHCO₃质量分数5%,固液比(g·mL^-1)1∶15。在此条件下,山核桃仁的脱涩率为92.04%,感官评分为9.2分,响应值为75.47。与沸水脱涩相比,碱法脱涩既能去除苦涩味,又能更大限度地保留山核桃仁中的结合酚,减少油脂、脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的氧化,从而更好地保持山核桃仁的品质。     

Metabolite profiling of the response to high-nitrogen fertilizer during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat yield and quality are dependent largely on nitrogen (N) availability. In this study, we performed the first metabolomic analysis of the response to high-N fertilizer during wheat grain development using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Quality parameter analyses demonstrated that high-N fertilizer application led to a significant increase in grain protein content and improvement in starch and bread-making quality. Comparative metabolomic profiling of six grain developmental stages resulted in identification of 74 metabolites, including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids/alcohol, which are primarily involved in carbon and N metabolism. Under high-N fertilizer treatment, numerous metabolites accumulated significantly during grain development. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components as being responsible for the variances resulting from N-fertilizer treatments. Metabolite–metabolite correlation analysis demonstrated that the high-N treatment group had a greater number of positive correlations among metabolites, suggesting that high-N fertilizer treatment induced a concerted metabolic change that resulted in improved grain development. Particularly, the high-N treatment-mediated significant accumulation of metabolites involved in the TCA cycle, starch and storage protein synthesis could be responsible for the improvement of grain yield and quality. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of wheat grain development and yield and quality.     

冬小麦抗蚜品种田间筛选技术研究

穗蚜是麦蚜对小麦产量影响的主要因素。穗平均蚜量的多寡却不能反映小麦品种的抗性水平。通过５年的研究,发现小麦千粒重的损失率能够较客观地反映小麦的抗蚜水平,可作为抗蚜育种的一个抗性指标,其技术稳定可靠,适用于一般育种工作者。     

玉米灌浆后期百粒重变化的品种间差异分析

采用回归异质性测验法分析了黑龙江省８个玉米杂交种抽丝后３０～６０ｄ期间百粒重的变化。结果表明,此期间早熟和晚熟杂交种百粒重变化的回归系数差异显著,因而平均灌浆速率也有显著差异。     

高油玉米与普通玉米籽粒发育过程中脂肪酸消长规律的比较

对高油玉米与普通玉米籽粒发育过程中几种脂肪酸的动态变化规律进行了比较研究,结果表明,籽粒发育期间,高油一号的棕榈酸(Plalmitic acid)含量呈下降趋势,而普通玉米9292B 则有明显峰谷变化,9292B 的棕榈酸含量显著高于高油一号;油酸(Oleic acid)变化二者均呈上升趋势且含量差异不显著;亚油酸(Linoleic acid)的变化趋势均为发育初期下降,成熟期回升,高油一号的含量显著高于9292B;硬脂酸(Stearic acid)为少量脂肪酸,变化波动较大,二者均为上升趋势,9292B 的含量显著高于高油一号;棕榈油酸(Palmitoleic acid)的含量也较低,二者均为上升趋势。     

爆裂玉米"吉爆902"选育简报

简要介绍了爆裂玉米新品种“吉爆９０２”的选育经过、试验结果、主要特征特性及栽培技术要点,为正确利用该品种提供科学依据。