Characterization of yield,sensitivity to Botrytis cinerea and antioxidant content of several rose species suitable for edible flowers

Yield, susceptibility to Botrytis and levels of antioxidants are important traits of fresh edible flowers. These parameters were determined for 12 garden rose cultivars selected as edible flowers: ‘Mount Shasta’, ‘San Francisco’, ‘Brandy’, ‘Maxim’, ‘Sweet Surrender’, ‘Amadeus’, ‘Eterna’, ‘Trier 2000’, ‘English sachet’, ‘Golden Celebration’, ‘Pat Austin’ and ‘Katharina Zeimet’. Yield of most cultivars ranged between 80 and 300 flowers/plant (for 64 weeks), which is higher than that produced by cultivars suitable for cut flowers. The yield makes the selected garden cultivars suitable for commercial growth as edible flowers.     

南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒S6编码一个沉默抑制子

 【目的】分析南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒（SRBSDV）基因组S6编码的SP6蛋白的抑制子活性,明确SRBSDV是否编码RNA沉默抑制子来干扰植物的沉默。【方法】将分别含有SP6与GFP质粒的农杆菌共浸润转GFP基因的16c本氏烟纯合系,观察SP6对局部沉默和系统沉默的抑制作用;将含有SP6,GFP和dsGFP质粒的农杆菌三者共浸润,观察SP6对由dsRNA引起的沉默的抑制作用;在同一植株不同部位接种GFP和SP6,观察SP6对RNA沉默信号传导的影响;通过马铃薯X病毒（Potato virus X,PVX）在本氏烟上表达SP6,观察SP6是否能增强PVX的致病性。【结果】SP6能抑制由GFP正义RNA介导的沉默,但其抑制作用较弱,仅能延缓局部沉默和系统沉默的产生。SP6能灭活RNA沉默信号,阻止沉默信号的长距离传导,回复GFP的沉默,但不能抑制由dsRNA引起的沉默。利用PVX在本氏烟上表达SP6能增强PVX的致病性。【结论】SP6是病毒编码的RNA沉默抑制子,在RNA沉默的起始和信号传导阶段起作用。     

Effect of Xingnao enema fluid on brain injury and IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation

AIM: To study the effects of Xingnao enema fluid on brain injury and IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and to explore the brain protective effect and mechanism of Xingnao enema fluid. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low-dose (5 mL/kg), middle-dose (10 mL/kg) and high-dose (20 mL/kg) Xingnao enema liquid groups, and ulinastatin group, with 12 rats in each group. Except for the rats in sham operation group, the rats in other groups were used to establish the model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and were treated with Xingnao enema fluid and ulinastatin. Seven days later, all rats were scored for neurological deficit. The rats were sacrificed, and the water content of brain tissues was calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of brain tissues of the rats in each group. The levels of super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected in the brain tissue. The levels of S100 calcium bin-ding protein beta subunit (S100β) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in serum, and interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The expression of interleukin-33 (IL-33) and growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (ST2) in brain tissue was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with sham operation group, the brain tissue of model group showed tissue disorder, focal hemorrhage, neuronal nucleus contraction, apoptosis and other pathological changes, and the neurological deficit score was increased. The water content of brain tissue, the le-vels of S100β, NSE, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-33 and ST2 were significantly increased, and the level of SOD decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the pathological damage of brain tissue in low-, middle- and high-dose Xingnao encma fluid groups and ulinastatin group was reduced, and the neurological deficit score was decreased. The water content of brain tissue, levels of S100β, NSE, MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-33 and ST2 were significantly decreased, and the level of SOD was increased significantly (P<0.05). There was a dose-dependent relationship in different doses of Xingnao enema fluid groups, and no significant difference between high-dose Xingnao enema fluid group and ulinastatin group was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Xingnao enema fluid repairs brain injury in rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and down-regulation of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway may be its mechanism.     

含赖氨酸二肽对奶牛乳蛋白合成和乳腺氨基酸转运相关基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究含赖氨酸二肽对奶牛乳腺组织中乳蛋白合成和氨基酸转运的影响。在体外培养的奶牛乳腺组织培养液中添加不同含赖氨酸二肽(赖氨酸-赖氨酸(KK)、赖氨酸—组氨酸(KH)、赖氨酸—苯丙氨酸(KF)、赖氨酸—亮氨酸(KL)和赖氨酸—苏氨酸(KT)),分别等量取代培养液中0、5%、10%、15%和20%的游离赖氨酸(赖氨酸总浓度为210μg/mL)进行培养,试验结束后收集乳腺组织用于基因表达检测。结果显示,同游离氨基酸替代量为0组相比,KH替代Lys比例为15%,KF替代比例为10%,KK、KL和KT替代比例为5%时,α_s1酪蛋白(CSN1S1)mRNA丰度最高(P<0.05);KK替代Lys比例为5%、10%、15%和20%,KH替代比例为10%和15%,KF替代比例为15%,KL替代比例为5%、20%及KT替代比例为5%、10%和15%时,均显著促进了奶牛乳腺组织中小肽转运载体2(SLC15A2)的基因表达(P<0.05);KH替代Lys比例为15%,KK、KL替代比例分别为10%,KF、KT替代比例分别为5%时,赖氨酸转运载体B⁰⁺(SLC6A14)的mRNA丰度最高(P<0.05);KH替代Lys的15%、20%,KK替代比例为5%、10%和15%,KL替代比例为5%和10%时,显著促进了雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)基因的表达(P<0.05)。结果提示,奶牛乳腺摄取赖氨酸二肽能促进氨基酸的吸收和乳蛋白的合成。     

抗菌肽对蛋鸡血清免疫指标及脾脏白细胞介素2mRNA表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同水平抗菌肽对蛋鸡血清免疫指标及脾脏白细胞介素2(IL-2)mRNA表达量的影响.选用480只30周龄海赛克斯褐壳蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鸡.对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加200(Ⅱ组)、400(Ⅲ组)、600 mg/kg(Ⅳ组)抗菌肽,试验期4周.结...     

一些化学药剂对月季切花保鲜的影响

本文报告了精氨酸、硫代硫酸银和６－苄基腺嘌呤等化学药剂对月季切花瓶插寿命和品质的影响，与对照和常规保鲜液相比较，上述化学药剂能有效延长月季切花的瓶插寿命１－２倍，并明显改善其观测品质。     

乙烯信号传导途径因子OsEIL 6调控水稻抗稻瘟病反应

稻瘟病(rice blast)是水稻生产上最严重的病害之一。抗病相关基因的挖掘对稻瘟病的防治具有重要意义。研究表明植物EIN3/EIL家族基因在抗病过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究采用RNAi技术探究OsEIL6参与的水稻抗稻瘟病反应。稻瘟菌侵染时基因表达谱检测结果表明,OsEIL6在水稻和稻瘟菌非亲和组合中受到诱导表达。稻瘟菌接种结果显示,水稻OsEIL6沉默株系和野生型植株‘TG394’相比抗性下降;实时荧光定量RT-PCR结果分析表明,OsEIL6的表达量下降导致乙烯合成途径中OsACO1和乙烯信号传导途径的OsERF063和OsERF073的转录水平下降。亚细胞定位研究发现该基因定位于水稻细胞质。OsEIL6沉默株系中ROS合成途径标记基因OsrbohA和OsrbohB的表达量均明显下调,表明该基因可能通过影响ROS的合成调控水稻抗稻瘟病反应。本研究结果将有助于进一步揭示OsEIL6参与的乙烯信号传导途径介导的水稻抗稻瘟病反应机制。     

海藻糖代谢及其调控昆虫几丁质合成研究进展

海藻糖为一种非还原性糖,广泛存在于细菌、藻类、真菌、植物和无脊椎动物中。海藻糖被称为昆虫“血糖”,源于该糖为昆虫血淋巴中的主要糖类物质,在昆虫生长、发育、蜕皮等正常生理活动中有着重要的作用。昆虫的海藻糖先由海藻糖合成酶（trehalose-6-phosphate synthase,TPS）生成海藻糖-6-磷酸,然后通过海藻糖磷酸脂酶（trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase,TPP）最终合成海藻糖,在能量需求时通过海藻糖酶（trehalase,TRE）降解为葡萄糖,用于能量供给。几丁质为昆虫表皮、中肠围食膜和气管系统的主要组成成分,昆虫在发育过程中需要蜕掉旧表皮,形成新的表皮,该过程一直是害虫控制的重要靶标途径。海藻糖酶为昆虫几丁质合成途径的第一个酶,在几丁质合成通路中有着重要的功能。那么海藻糖代谢又是如何调控几丁质合成途径来控制昆虫的蜕皮及几丁质代谢的呢？随着国内外海藻糖代谢相关基因功能研究的深入开展,研究结果表明昆虫海藻糖供给在几丁质合成中具有重要的作用,海藻糖酶分为可溶性和膜结合型两类,可溶性TRE和TPS在不同昆虫种类中具有多个同源基因,表明昆虫海藻糖代谢进化途径多样化。其次,海藻糖代谢直接调控几丁质合成途径,不论是海藻糖合成酶还是海藻糖酶基因的低表达,均能控制海藻糖使其供给不平衡,从而导致几丁质合成途径受阻,特别是几丁质合成酶基因表达降低而造成几丁质含量下降,该调控作用可进一步引起昆虫蜕皮困难、翅发育畸形等,甚至大量死亡。再次,海藻糖酶抑制剂能够抑制可溶性和膜结合型两类海藻糖酶活性、引起几丁质合成通路相关基因及几丁质酶基因表达的显著下降,导致几丁质含量显著降低,产生高比例的昆虫个体死亡。这些结果充分表明,一旦昆虫海藻糖代谢的供给平衡被打破,会直接影响到昆虫的几丁质合成乃至昆虫的蜕皮与发育过程。本文综述前人在海藻糖代谢调控几丁质合成方面的最新研究成果,为将来开发和利用海藻糖酶抑制剂及海藻糖合成酶抑制剂等绿色农药防治害虫提供理论依据。     

△6-脂肪酸脱饱和酶基因种子特异表达载体的构建

以napA基因序列设计引物，以甘蓝型油菜中油821基因组总DNA为模板，通过PCR扩增，克隆了种子特异表达napin启动子。序列分析表明，试验得到扩增片段长1148bp，含有其它napin启动子序列共有的高度保守序列。将扩增序列与真菌匍枝根霉Δ6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因RnD6D连接，构建了RnD6D的种子特异表达载体pCNR，为获得高产γ-亚麻酸的转基因油菜奠定了基础。