拟南芥MeIAA酯解酶基因表达模式的初步研究

用植物生长素吲哚乙酸甲酯化酶酯解酶超家族部分成员基因启动子驱动GUS表达,研究了拟南芥MES超家族中3个有吲哚乙酸甲酯化酶酯解酶活性成员的基因表达模式。结果表明:1)AtMES16、AtMES17和AtMES18表达模式相似,新叶高,老叶低,从叶片中间向叶片边缘逐渐减少,类似吲哚乙酸甲基转移酶基因AtIAMT1的表达模式;2)AtMES17和IAMT1在叶片中同步但相互独立地表达,正常情况下AtMES17和IAMT1基因表达可能相互平衡制约。     

A diazotrophic, indole-3-acetic acid-producing endophyte from wild cottonwood

An endophytic bacterium, wild poplar strain B (WPB), isolated from stems of wild cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) was identified to Burkholderia vietnamiensis by analyzing the recA and rDNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the nifHDK cluster indicates that the WPB isolate shares high sequence similarity with known B. vietnamiensis strains. The nitrogenase activity of WPB was determined by a ¹⁵N₂ incorporation assay and an acetylene reduction assay. WPB was also monitored for production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a phytohormone which can promote plant growth, when incubated with l-tryptophan. In addition, its plant growth promotion capacity was assessed by inoculating the WPB strain onto Kentucky bluegrass in nitrogen-free medium. Compared to uninoculated control plants, the plants inoculated with WPB gained more dry weight (42%, p = 0.01) and more nitrogen content (37%, p = 0.04) in 50 days.     

Catalase peroxidase and IAA‐oxidase activities and O‐diphenolics contents in sunflower leaves grown with different boron levels

Cataiase, peroxidase and IAA‐oxidase activities, so as odiphenolics content in sunflower leaves grown in hydroponics with 4 B levels (0.05; 0.25; 0.5 and 2.0 ppm) were determined. The biochemical assays were made when visual symptons were clearly developed.

Cataiase activity significantly increased in B deficient leaves. Peroxidase, IAA‐oxidase activities and o‐diphenolics content did not significantly change with B levels. The lag period for IAA‐oxidase activity was significantly reduced in B deficient and toxic leaves with respect to the normal ones. These results are in accordance with the hypothesis that one of the B action could be to enhance cataiase activity, the “in vivo” decrease of H₂O₂ levels beeing the cause of the variation in other enzymatic activities related with that substrate.     

The “soil microbial loop” is not always needed to explain protozoan stimulation of plants

Protozoa stimulate plant growth, but we do not completely understand the underlying mechanisms, and different hypotheses seek to explain this phenomenon. To test these hypotheses, we grew the grass Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) in pots with soil, which contained either (1) no organisms but bacteria – or (2) bacteria and protozoa. Half of the pots received a glucose treatment so as to mimic an additional root exudation. We measured plant growth and plant nitrogen uptake, along with various microbial pools and processes that support plant growth. Protozoan presence significantly enhanced soil nitrogen mineralization, plant nitrogen uptake from organic nitrogen sources, plant nitrogen content, and plant growth. By contrast, we found no evidence that glucose addition, mimicking root exudation, increased soil nitrogen availability and plant nitrogen uptake. Moreover, although protozoan presence affected bacterial community structure, it did not affect the proportion of IAA-producing bacteria in the community or plant root morphology. These results refute the “soil microbial loop” hypotheses, which suggest that protozoan stimulation of plant growth results from complex interactions between plant roots, bacteria and protozoa. Our experiment thus favours the simple explanation that increased nitrogen availability is the key factor behind the positive protozoan effect on plant growth. To exploit natural resources in an efficient and environmentally friendly way, we need to understand in detail the functioning of ecosystems. This study stresses that to achieve this, it is still urgent, besides investigating intricate food-web and signal compound interactions, also to focus on the basic stoichiometric and energetic aspects of organisms.     

乙烯利对甘蔗茎内IAA氧化酶活性动态变化的影响

测定了甘品种桂粮１１号、桂糖１５号和新台糖１６号节间２的ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性的动态变化以及乙烯利处理后的酶活性变化。结果表明：在甘蔗工艺成熟过程中,茎内ＩＡＡ氧化酶酶活性的变化主要表现为先升后降的变化过程,品种间有差异。乙烯利处理对ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性有影响,其影响效应及影响时间因品种而有差异,主要表现为抑制ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性的早期上升过程,同时钝化ＩＡＡ氧化酶对外界环境的反应,酶活性变化对照波动性要小,影     

Effect of foliar boron application on boron,chlorophyll, phenol,sugars and hormones concentration of olive (Olea europaea L.) buds,leaves, and fruits

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different time and rates of boron (B) foliar application on olive (Olea europaea L.) tree's tissue boron concentration, total phenol, chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, and endogenous hormones. A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 using 20 years old olive trees cv. Frantoio. The trees are grown in sandy soil planted at 5 × 5 m apart under drip irrigation system at the Nuclear Research Center Experimental Farm, Inshas, El-Qaliubiya Governorate, Egypt. Boron was applied foliarly as boric acid at the following rates (0.0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg L^?1) at flower initiation and after 1 and 2 months from flower initiation. Results showed that boron was significantly effective in increasing leaf, bud, and fruit boron concentration. Total phenol concentration in leaves and buds were significantly highest in the control treatment, significantly decreased as the boron application rate increased. Total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, and total soluble sugars significantly increased as the boron application rate increased and the highest increase was achieved at 200 mg L^?1 boron concentration rate. Leaf and bud endogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were highest in the control treatment; they decreased as the boron application rate increased. However, gibberellic acid (GA₃) increased in response to boron treatments compared with the control. The maximum increase was observed at 200 mg L^?1 boron rate. We concluded that boron is mobile in olive tree as reproductive organs accumulated more boron than vegetative organs. There is evidence that boron is involved in reduction of phenols, increase in fruit set, and in sugar transport. A balance in endogenous hormones (IAA, GA, ABA) concentrations in olive tree has induced the maximum fruit set and yield.     

烤烟打顶后喷施外源激素对中部烟叶品质的互作效应

为探究外源激素对烤烟中部烟叶品质的影响,在打顶后的烟株表面喷施生长素(IAA)与赤霉素(GA_3)2种生物制剂,分析不同浓度的赤霉素和生长素及其互作对烤烟理化性质、游离态和糖苷结合态香味物质的影响。结果表明,在同一生长素水平下增施赤霉素及在同一赤霉素水平下增施生长素均可改善烤后烟叶理化性质,增加游离态和糖苷结合态香味物质总量,且浓度越高效果越优。生长素和赤霉素互作对烟叶质重、抗张力、烟碱、总糖、糖碱比有极显著效应;相对较高水平的生长素和赤霉素互作配施可显著提高烟叶香味品质效果,其中20 mg·L~(- 1)IAA+20 mg·L~(- 1)GA_3处理在烟株生长及品质提升方面效果最佳。本研究结果为优质烤烟生长及其调控工作提供了理论参考。     

抗镉并且产吲哚乙酸的细菌的筛选鉴定及其植物促生作用

植物促生长细菌（plant growth-promoting bacteria,PGPB）在植物修复重金属污染土壤的过程中能够有助于植物生长,从而提高植物的重金属污染土壤的修复能力。作为在重金属污染环境中应用的PGPB首先必须具有重金属抗性。镉是一种毒性很高的重金属,也是常见的环境污染因子之一。在植物中,镉抑制根和茎的生长,影响营养吸收和内环境稳定。现已知的PGPB的作用机制之一是产生植物生长激素如吲哚乙酸（indole acetic acid,IAA）和铁载体（siderophore）。本研究从土壤中筛选获得5株具有镉抗性（〉1.55 mmol/L）且产IAA和铁载体的细菌,这5株菌被编号为DJY、TK-2、TK-6、WM-1、PZ-23。在含镉培养基上,所有5种菌对芥菜根均有不同程度的促生长作用,其中TK-2对芥菜幼苗根萌发和下胚轴延伸的促进效果最为显著;促生效应并不由单一因素决定的,而是多种促生因素的统一协调作用的结果。     

苹果受精着果机理研究初报

用气相色谱（ＧＣ）测定了ＰＰ３３３，ＧＡ３处理及未处理苹果果实，果台副梢中内源ＧＡ３，ＧＡ４＋７，ＡＢＡ，ＩＡＡ，Ｚ和ＺＲ的含量，用质谱（ＭＳ）测定了＾１５Ｎ的分配运转。结果表明，ＰＰ３３３处理明显地增加主要座果率，抑制果台副梢的增长。而ＧＡ３则具有增大果径和促进果台副梢生长的作用，内源细胞分裂素的含量与苹果能力相吻合，其它激素含量的多少与着果没有是有显相关。多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理明显地提高了内     

产IAA菌株的UV和DES诱变筛选及培养条件优化

为了得到高产吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)菌株,采用紫外(UV)诱变和硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变的方法,对从烟草根际土壤中分离得到的一株产IAA并具有溶有机磷性状的促生菌进行诱变选育,并对获得的目标菌株的发酵培养条件进行正交优化。结果表明,菌株经UV诱变和DES诱变均能有效提高其IAA产量。诱变条件为UV(15 W,30 cm)照射1 min或2 mg·mL^-1 DES处理30 min时,得到1株高产IAA的菌株UV19,其IAA产量为33.77 mg·L^-1,是出发菌株产量的299.48%。菌株UV19经10代继代,其产IAA能力和溶有机磷性状稳定遗传。菌株UV19产IAA培养发酵优化条件为10%装瓶量、初始pH值8、培养温度25℃、接种量3%、培养时间96 h、含500 mg·L^-1色氨酸的LB培养基,优化后IAA产量高达75.47 mg·L^-1,为优化前的2.23倍。本研究结果为菌肥及生物法生产IAA提供了基础材料及技术方案。