三江平原玉米品种的种质基础分析

通过对黑龙江省三江平原1999—2004年6年间种植面积在1万hm2以上的玉米杂交种的种质基础的分析,说明三江平原所应用自交系以国外的兰卡斯特及地方种等血缘为主,应用的亲本材料过度集中,造成玉米种质遗传基础日趋狭窄。因此玉米育种工作应加强基础材料的创新,从而拓宽种质资源,解决玉米育种种质资源缺乏,遗传基础狭窄的问题。     

Genetic divergence in parental genotypes and its relation with heterosis, F1 performance and general combining ability (GCA) in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

Summary Genetic divergence in 110 population (20 parents and 90 F₁ hybrids) of opium poppy was studied by multivariate analysis. All the entries were grouped in 14 clusters. Out of 20 parents, ten were accumulated in one cluster and rest 10 distributed over seven clusters. Estimates of cluster distance showed that maximum intra-cluster distance was in -cluster IX (25.62) followed by cluster I (22.41), V (22.23) and IV (21.06). The inter cluster distances varied from 16.62 (between cluster XII and XIV) to 195.10 (between cluster IV and IX). The cluster analysis indicated substantial diversity among the parental genotypes, which had the potential to release considerable variation in their crosses. The first four principal components (PCs) with eigen values >1 accounted for 68% of variation among the population. The first and second components could account for 29 and 20% of the total morphological and alkaloidal variations, respectively. The PC1 was closely related to yield and yield related traits. The characters contributing greatest positive weight on PC1 were opium yield, plant height, stem diameter, capsule weight/plant and seed yield/plant. The possibilities of relationship between genetic divergence, F₁ performance, heterosis and GCA of parents have been explored.     

3个玉米杂交种的丰产稳产性分析

采用Eberhart-Russell模型和高稳系数法,对3个玉米杂交种的丰产稳产性进行了综合评定。结果表明,杂交种正红2号、正红6号和正红115区试平均产量分别为7 575.0 kg/hm2、7 611.8 kg/hm²和7 304.0 kg/hm²,分别比对照增产10.2%、16.6%和6.2%,丰产性突出,稳产性较好,生态适应性强。3个杂交种在环境指数4 500～9 000 kg/hm²时比对照均有不同程度的增产。在生产水平6 000 kg/hm²以上的地区更能充分发挥正红2号的增产增收潜力。     

亚洲百合花器官组织培养再生植株研究

[目的]对亚洲百合杂种系的栽培品种＂米丽拉＂的花器官进行组织培养研究,探讨其快速繁殖技术。[方法]以＂米丽拉＂的花器官为外植体,通过比较花器官不同部位和不同激素配比的诱导效果,筛选出最适合该品种花器官的培养基。[结果]不同部位的分化率存在差异,从高到低依次为花丝、花柱、子房、花托、花瓣、花药;在不同激素配比培养基中,MS＋6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.5 mg/L的诱导效果最佳,其次是MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.5 mg/L。[结论]可为亚洲百合杂种系的＂米丽拉＂百合提供大量优质种苗。     

东方百合2n雌配子诱导及三倍体多样性研究

 以东方百合为材料，在株高为20～30cm时，用0.1％～0.4%的秋水仙素处理二倍体品种的花蕾成功获得了2n配子。然后将2n雌配子与1n雄配子杂交形成了三倍体胚，再通过胚拯救技术获得了三倍体植株。细胞学鉴定表明三倍体气孔比二倍体大，但比四倍体小。三倍体染色体数为36（2n＝2x＝36），二倍体染色体数为24（2n＝2x＝24）。而且，2n配子杂种后代存在染色体数目的多样性。此外，还对百合三倍体种球的繁育也进行了探索。     

胡萝卜杂种一代营养品质性状与双亲相关性研究初报

胡萝卜瓣花型雄性不育系可以通过5代回交的方法获得,雄性不育保持率在89.7～100%;根据胡萝卜肉质根根形、木质部与韧皮部的颜色程度以及肉质根贮藏能力,回交得到的雄性不育系与相应保持系外部的主要品质性状相同。从胡萝卜素含量分析表明,胡萝卜一代杂交种的内部营养成分主要取决于父本营养成分的含量。     

Differentiation of striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), from a hybrid: effectiveness of training

Abstract The ability of consumers and fishermen to distinguish-between wild striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), and its hybrids may be important to marketing farm-raised fish and managing wild stocks. The ability of randomly selected persons to distinguish between wild and hybrid specimens was examined and it was found that a significant improvement in recognition occurred with only minimal training. Average correct response of 70% without training rose to nearly 90% after training. Moreover, the respondents' sex and age were important factors in determining successful identification.     

Cross-mating of euryhaline rotifer Brachionus plicatilis strains as a means to develop useful strains for larval fish food

In the field of live food science, newly inbred strains resulting from cross-mating are of interest, especially if these strains have valuable characteristics, such as high fecundity or suitable size for the mouth of larvae. We conducted cross-mating trials using Japanese and German strains of Brachionus plicatilis and reproductive parameters were characterized and compared among their progenies. Two hybrid strains A and B were obtained from the cross-mating between a Japanese female and German male, and between a German female and Japanese male, respectively. Percent mictic female production and fertilization in both hybrid strains were lower (0%), compared with the parental strains (16.7-78.4%). Strain A did not reproduce sexually, but was capable of asexual reproduction. Higher population growth was observed in the hybrid strains within crosses relative to parents. The population growth rates of parental strains were 0.31, while those of hybrid strains ranged from 0.35 to 0.37. Lorica length of hybrid strains was intermediate between the two parental strains. Using the cross-mating technique, it may be possible to produce new rotifer strains with phenotypes useful to aquaculturists.     

内蒙古玉米杂交种遗传组成分析与育种对策

通过对内蒙古玉米品种回顾,把内蒙古玉米品种发展划分四个阶段:农家品种阶段;双交种阶段;单交种开始应用阶段;单交种普及快速发展阶段.通过对杂交种遗传组成、杂优模式分析认为:Mo17亚群、塘四平头群、330亚群是内蒙古玉米应用的主要种质类群;塘四平头群×Mo17亚群、Mo17亚群×其它类群、Mo17亚群×330亚群为内蒙古的主要杂优模式.最后对今后玉米育种提出建议。     

3个红掌品种杂交后代的部分植物学性状及分子鉴定

为了鉴定红掌杂交种的真实性,以红掌情人红、阿拉巴马和阿里桑娜为材料,进行杂交育种,并对其中的两个杂交后代进行分子鉴定。结果表明：以情人红为母本,阿里桑娜为父本,杂交得到一个叶型似母本,苞片似父本的杂种B;以阿拉巴马为母本,以情人红和阿里桑娜的混合花粉为父本,杂交后得到一个叶片似母本,苞片似父本阿里桑娜的杂种E。利用ISSR分子标记对杂种后代进行鉴定,杂种B的鉴定中,子代在3个引物中均出现父本的特征带,说明杂B是情人红和阿里桑娜的真正杂种。杂种E的鉴定中,子代在3个引物中均出现父本阿里桑娜的特征带,说明杂种E是阿拉巴马和阿里桑娜的真正杂种。