小麦光周期基因TaCO9-1A的克隆、功能标记开发及其与冬春性关系的研究

光周期是植物从营养生长转为生殖生长的重要影响因子,CO(constans)基因在模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)的光周期途径中起重要作用。本研究利用同源克隆技术从普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)宁春4号中克隆了CO同源基因Ta CO9-1A(Gen Bank登录号:KM236233)的g DNA(genomic DNA)及c DNA(complementary DNA)。Ta CO9-1A的全长编码区(coding sequences,CDS)为876 bp,编码291个氨基酸,含有CO-like蛋白家族典型的CCT结构域,但不含B-box结构域;系统进化分析表明,Ta CO9-1A蛋白与水稻(Oryza sativa L.)Ghd7及大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)Hv CO9位于同一分支;蛋白质空间结构分析表明,其CCT结构域的NF-YA2区域较为保守;Ta CO9-1A原核表达蛋白分子量为31 k D,与预测结果一致;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Ta CO9-1A在普通小麦抽穗期的根、茎、叶及幼穗均有表达,但根部表达量较低,相对表达量依次为叶茎幼穗根。比较该基因在冬春性不同品种中的核酸序列发现,冬性品种第二外显子存在6个碱基的缺失,针对该差异开发了分子标记,在25份冬春性不同的小麦品种中扩增出511和517 bp两种带型,分别与这些品种的冬春性及在杨凌地区两年的抽穗及开花时间早晚显著相关。本研究结果表明,Ta CO9-1A在小麦春化作用和光周期途径中扮演着重要角色,为研究小麦光周期途径和春化作用途径提供了基础资料,有助于揭示Ta CO9-1A调控小麦冬春性及成熟期的分子机理。     

引物浓度与退火温度对ISSR扩增片段大小的选择性

用ISSR法,在不同浓度与不同退火温度下,对长豇豆中基因组的不同分子量片段进行扩增,结果表明,引物浓度对扩增片段大小具有强烈选择性,对退火温度也具有一定的选择性。     

Resistance of bacterial communities in the potato rhizosphere to disturbance and its application to agroecology

Soil bacteria have the ability to increase agricultural sustainability through the production of biopesticides and biofertilizers. Application of bacteria to field crops often results in sporadic colonization and unpredictable crop performance. This research sought to understand the colonization of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rhizosphere using reciprocal transplants. Plants were grown in a forest or an agricultural soil and then transplanted into either the same soil or the opposite soil. Bacterial communities were profiled using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and analyzed using pairwise comparisons. The results revealed that the bacterial community that colonized the rhizosphere in the first soil remained mostly intact for 30 days after the plants were transplanted into another soil in which the soil bacteria community differed from that found in the original soil. The concept that it may be possible to establish a functional microbiota and to deliver it to an agricultural environment was tested. A nitrogen-fixing bacterial community was established on plants grown under tissue culture conditions and the plants were transplanted into a field soil. Plants inoculated with eight separate nitrogen-fixing communities showed an average fivefold increase in dry biomass when compared to mock-inoculated plants and the microbial profiles remained distinct at 30 days after transplantation. These results demonstrate that the plant rhizosphere is a resistant community and that the first bacterial community that becomes established on the root remains with the plant even when the plant is placed into soil with a vastly different microbiota.     

Development of Sequence Characterized Amplified Region （SCAR） Primers for the Detection of Resistance to Sporisorium reiliana in Maize

Head smut of maize （Zea mays L.）, which was caused by Sporisorium reiliana, occurred in most of the maize growing areas of the world. The purpose of this study was to develop SCAR markers for map-based cloning of resistance genes and MAS. Two sets of BC3 progenies, one （BC3Q） derived from the cross Qi319 （resistance）×Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, the other （BC3M） from Mol7 （resistance）× Huangzao 4 （susceptible）, were generated. Huangzao 4 was the recurrent parent in both progenies. A combination of BSA （bulked segregant analysis） with AFLP （amplified fragment length polymorphism） method was applied to map the genes involving the resistance to S. reiliana, and corresponding resistant and susceptible bulks and their parental lines were used for screening polymorphic AFLP primer pairs. One fragment of PI3M61-152 was converted into SCAR （sequence charactered amplified fragment） marker S130. The marker was mapped at chromosome bin 2.09, the interval of a major QTL region previously reported to contribute to S. reiliana resistance. Furthermore, S130 was highly and facilitate map-based cloni associated with resistance to S. reiliana, and could be useful for marker-assisted selection ng of resistance genes.     

水稻AFLP指纹银染法显带研究

以转基因水稻为材料,对AFLP指纹银染技术及实验操作中的关键技巧做了比较详尽的叙述,取得了比较理想的实验结果。     

砾石覆盖对海涂围垦区粉砂土坡面土壤可蚀性影响试验研究

通过人工模拟降雨试验,选取2种坡度(15°,30°),2种降雨强度(92,119 mm/h)和6种砾石覆盖度(0,10%,20%,40%,60%,80%),探究砾石覆盖对海涂围垦区粉砂土坡面侵蚀及土壤可蚀性的影响.结果表明:随累积降雨量增加,土壤可蚀性参数先增大后减小,并趋于稳定.坡度对土壤可蚀性影响显著,坡度越陡,坡面土壤可蚀性越大.砾石覆盖度与土壤可蚀性参数并非呈单调关系.坡度较陡且低覆盖度时,砾石覆盖增加坡面侵蚀;而当高覆盖度时,砾石覆盖可降低坡面径流速率,增加入渗率,减小土壤侵蚀率.适当盖度砾石覆盖能够改变边坡表面粗糙程度,降低坡面土壤可蚀性.砾石覆盖坡面径流雷诺数与土壤可蚀性参数呈显著线性负相关关系.通过径流雷诺数与土壤可蚀性参数线性关系定量分析能够较好反映坡面高钠盐土颗粒输移水动力学过程,对于构建盐碱土边坡泥沙输移预测模型具有重要意义.     

Construction of recombinant capripoxviruses as vaccine vectors for delivering foreign antigens: Methodology and application

Goatpox (GTP), sheeppox (SPP) and lumpy skin disease (LSD) are three severe diseases of goat, sheep and cattle. Their typical clinical symptoms are characterized by vesicles, papules, nodules, pustules and scabs on animal skins. The GTP, SPP and LSD are caused by goatpox virus (GTPV), sheeppox virus (SPPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), respectively, all of which belong to the genus Capripoxvirus in the family Poxviridae. Several capripoxvirus (CaPV) isolates have been virulently attenuated through serial passaging in vitro for production of live vaccines. CaPV-based vector systems have been broadly used to construct recombinant vaccines for delivering foreign antigens, many of which have been demonstrated to induce effective immune protections. Homologous recombination is the most commonly used method for constructing recombinant CaPVs. Here, we described a methodology for generation of recombinant CaPVs by the homologous recombination, and further reviewed CaPV-vectored vaccines for delivering foreign antigens.     

氨胁迫对猪粪厌氧消化性能的影响

以猪粪为原料,采用批式试验方法,研究不同氨氮添加量(0、400、800、1600、2400、3200、4000 mg·L^-1)对厌氧消化产气效果的影响.结果表明:随着氨氮添加量的增加,总产气量和CH₄产率均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,氨氮添加量 ≥2400 mg·L^-1时,厌氧消化过程受到显著抑制;不同处理中猪粪挥发性固体(VS)的CH₄产率分别为328.5、338.1、323.2、304.9、276.2、124.9、56.1 mL·g^-1.氨氮添加量为0~800 mg·L^-1时,最大VS产CH₄速率分别为18.3、18.4、17.1 mL·g^-1·d^-1;氨氮添加量为2400 mg·L^-1时,产气高峰推迟,产CH₄速率明显降低;氨氮添加量 ≥400 mg·L^-1时,厌氧消化30 d底物的生物转化产CH₄效率随氨氮添加量的增加逐渐降低,分别为56.7%、54.5%、52.4%、30.6%、1.6%和1.3%;氨氮添加量为400~2400 mg·L^-1时,乙酸利用型产甲烷菌Methanosaeta的相对丰度总体随氨氮质量浓度的增加而降低,而氢利用型产甲烷菌Methanosarcina和Methanococcus具有相反的变化规律.     

猪瘟病毒E2基因在百脉根叶绿体基因组中定点整合载体的构建

 【目的】构建猪瘟病毒主要抗原E2基因在百脉根叶绿体基因组中定点转化载体，为百脉根叶绿体的转化及用叶绿体生产动物可直接食用疫苗奠定基础。【方法】通过用BLAST、DNAMAN等分子生物学分析软件对百脉根叶绿体基因组序列进行分析选定同源重组片段，采用PCR、分子克隆技术进行载体构建和鉴定。【结果】在百脉根叶绿体基因组中选择合适的外源基因整合位点，设计引物用PCR扩增叶绿体同源片段，将同源片段克隆后，构建百脉根特异的叶绿体转化载体；构建的百脉根叶绿体定点转化载体pAKE2以扩增的1.35 kb psbA 和1.5 kb trnK两段相邻叶绿体 DNA为定点整合外源基因的同源重组片段，包含以叶绿体基因特异强启动子Prrn和终止子TpsbA为调控序列的E2基因表达盒和aadA壮观霉素抗性基因表达盒。【结论】经PCR和酶切验证，所构建的转化载体符合预期设计。叶绿体转化及后续工作目前正在进行之中。     

猪TLR7基因胞外区部分片段的克隆、表达及其重组蛋白的纯化分析

[目的]获得高表达量的蛋白,为进一步研制单克隆抗体提供较好的免疫原,同时也可为TLR7胞外区该片断蛋白未知区域的结构和功能研究奠定基础。[方法]应用PCR技术从重组质粒pcDNA3．1／CT-GFP-pTLR7上扩增出编码猪TLR7基因胞外区N端第27—202位氨基酸序列,利用BamHI和HindⅢ酶切位点将其插入到原核表达载体PE130a中,重组质粒转化BL21（DE3）后,在不同条件下诱导表达。[结果]经SDS．PAGE分析表明,重组菌表达出约26kD的融合蛋白,并证实主要以包涵体形式表达,其最佳诱导表达条件是37℃、0．5mm01／LIPTG诱导6h,表达量可接近50％;纯化的重组蛋白免疫小鼠后,间接ELISA检测抗体效价,结果该蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠效价达10^5．[结论]TLR7胞外区该片断重组蛋白具有很好的抗原性,可以作为单克隆抗体研制的免疫原。