Identification and breeding behaviour of a major deletion of chromosome 5D ofTriticum aestivum

Summary A study was undertaken to evaluate the breeding behaviour and to identify a spontaneously produced putative chromosomal deletion in the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cv Norstar. Male and female transmission studies of plants heterozygous for the deletion chromosome indicated 9.5% and 48.8% transmission through the pollen and the egg, respectively. Meiotic analyses of progeny from deletion heterozygotes indicated that the deletion chromosome was eliminated from half of the plants, which agreed with the male and female transmission frequencies. Testcrosses of the deletion chromosome with telocentrics and nullisomic-tetrasomic combinations suggested that the deletion involved the long arm of chromosome 5D. This was confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Also, monosomic plants obtained in progeny of deletion heterozygotes were shown to be monosomic for 5D. Studies of plants homozygous for the deletion showed relatively normal pairing between the deletion chromosomes, and with the short arm (5DS), but not the long arm (5DL). Deletion homozygotes were self-sterile, and morphologically similar to plants nullisomic for 5D, but plants that also contained 5DL, or a homoeologous chromosome were self-fertile and had normal morphology. Studies of chromosome morphology indicated that the deletion chromosome was metacentric, and the length of the long arm was reduced by approximately 60%. RFLP studies showed that, in terms of genetic distance, 90% of the arm was missing.     

Integration of AFLP markers into a linkage map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

The AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique has been applied in establishing an extended linkage map of sugar beet. A total of 120 AFLPs were integrated into an existing linkage map based on RFLP markers. Four primer combinations yielded between 19 and 40 polymorphic bands in an F₂ population consisting of 94 plants. The AFLP loci were evenly distributed over the nine linkage groups, with the exception of linkage group V where the number of AFLPs was significantly low. The AFLPs were found to be reproducible even against the background of different combinations of Taq DNA polymerases and buffers. However, the quantity of higher molecular weight fragments (>400 bp) was reduced when using plant DNA of poor quality as a template. The results of these experiments are discussed, together with possible applications of AFLPs in sugar beet breeding.     

中华绒螯蟹与合浦绒螯蟹线粒体细胞色素b基因片段的DGGE分析

[目的]探讨利用DGGE技术对中华绒螯蟹和合浦绒螯蟹遗传多样性进行分析的可能性。[方法]对中华绒螯蟹5个群体和合浦绒螯蟹1个群体共180个个体的线粒体细胞色素b（cytb）基因片段进行了PCR扩增和变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析。[结果]所有PCR产物在DGGE电泳时共有2种迁移速率,合浦绒螯蟹所有个体的PCR产物的迁移速率相同,且中华绒螯蟹江都群体46.7%、仪征群体23.3%以及温州群体20.0%的个体与合浦绒螯蟹的迁移速率一致;而以上3个中华绒螯蟹群体的其他个体以及南京、盘锦群体所有个体的PCR产物在DGGE电泳时的迁移速率均相同,均快于合浦绒螯蟹,表明在中华绒螯蟹中混杂有合浦绒螯蟹的遗传标记类型。[结论]DGGE方法可用于绒螯蟹的遗传多样性分析。     

AFLP分子标记在玉米优良自交系优势群划分中的应用

本文利用AFLP分子标记技术研究了17个玉米优良自交系的遗传多样性, 4个AFLP引物组合分别扩增出30、 30、 44、 41条多态性带, 平均每个引物组合扩出36.25条带, 4个引物组合共扩增出145条带, 每一个引物组合都可将17个自交系完全分开。 利用AFLP数据、 进行聚类分析, 将17个优良自交系聚为6群, 结果表明, 用AFLP标记进     

抗鹅α-干扰素单链抗体基因扩增与表达

为制备抗鹅α-干扰素的单链抗体,以抗鹅α-干扰素的杂交瘤细胞株总RNA为模板,RT-PCR法扩增鹅α-干扰素的抗体轻、重链基因,再采用SOE-PCR法,以编码柔性多肽(Gly4Ser)3为接头,组装出完整的鹅α-干扰素的单链抗体可变区片段(Sc Fv)基因,并将Sc Fv基因克隆到p GEMT-Easy载体中进行测序分析,将测序正确的Sc Fv基因片段克隆入p ET-30a载体中进行诱导表达。结果显示,成功组装了Sc Fv基因,其全长为726 bp,为VH-Linker-VL结构,其中VH长357 bp、VL长324 bp,成功表达了Sc Fv蛋白,大小为27 ku。     

Genetic diversity of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica and development of a species‐specific SCAR marker for its diagnosis

Meloidogyne ethiopica is an important nematode pathogen causing serious economic damage to grapevine in Chile. In Brazil, M. ethiopica has been detected with low frequency in kiwifruit and other crops. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the intraspecific genetic variability of M. ethiopica isolates from Brazil and Chile using AFLP and RAPD markers and to develop a species‐specific SCAR‐PCR assay for its diagnosis. Fourteen isolates were obtained from different geographic regions or host plants. Three isolates of an undescribed Meloidogyne species and one isolate of M. ethiopica from Kenya were included in the analysis. The results showed a low level of diversity among the M. ethiopica isolates, regardless of their geographical distribution or host plant origin. The three isolates of Meloidogyne sp. showed a high homogeneity and clustered separately from M. ethiopica (100% bootstrap). RAPD screenings of M. ethiopica allowed the identification of a differential DNA fragment that was converted into a SCAR marker. Using genomic DNA from pooled nematodes as a template, PCR amplification with primers designed from this species‐specific SCAR produced a fragment of 350 bp in all 14 isolates of M. ethiopica tested, in contrast with other species tested. This primer pair also allowed successful amplification of DNA from single nematodes, either juveniles or females and when used in multiplex PCR reactions containing mixtures of other root‐knot nematode species, thus showing the sensitivity of the assay. Therefore, the method developed here has potential for application in routine diagnostic procedures.     

互花米草中NHX基因片段的克隆与序列分析

利用同源克隆方法从盐生植物互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）中分离并克隆出Na~＋/H~＋逆向转运蛋白基因的1段cDNA片段,长度为951 bp,推测编码317个氨基酸。氨基酸序列的对位排列分析显示,该cDNA片段对应的氨基酸序列与已知的植物液泡膜型Na~＋/H~＋逆向转运蛋白的氨基酸序列有较高的相似性,且与禾本科植物中的同源物之间的关系更为密切。     

实时荧光定量PCR检测转基因玉米MON863的测量不确定度分析

应用四川省农业科学院分析测试中心实验室建立的转基因玉米MON863品系特异实时定量PCR方法,测定含量为1%的转基因玉米MON863样品(CRM)中旁侧片段(品系特异片段)的含量,并从扩增反应、数据处理以及微量移液器等不确定度来源评定测量的不确定度。结果表明,uA=1.9×10-2,uB=9.3×10-4,uC=1.9×10-2,U95=0.04,测量结果为1.108%±0.04。MON863品系特异实时定量PCR方法检测结果的主要不确定度来自检验过程中的随机效应。     

CD20片段抗体在红花悬浮细胞中的表达研究

【目的】研究用红花愈伤组织建立红花悬浮细胞培养体系的条件,并利用红花悬浮细胞通过农杆菌介导转化法表达CD20复合片段抗体。【方法】以红花子叶为外植体,研究不同种类激素组合对愈伤诱导率的影响,筛选优质愈伤组织进行悬浮培养,探索不同初始接种量、蔗糖质量分数、水解酪蛋白质量浓度对红花悬浮细胞生长的影响。将CD20复合片段抗体基因两端引入XmaⅠ/EcoRⅠ酶切位点,并将其与pEASY-T1和pBasta载体相连,构建pEASY-T1-CD20克隆载体和pBasta-CD20表达载体,再将构建的pBasta-CD20表达载体转入根瘤农杆菌,利用根瘤农杆菌介导红花悬浮细胞转化法表达CD20复合片段抗体。【结果】红花子叶愈伤诱导最佳条件为MS+NAA 2mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L、温度(25±0.1)℃、光照70μmol/(m2·s)连续光照,继代培养条件为MS+NAA 1mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L、30μmol/(m2·s)连续光照、温度(25±0.1)℃。悬浮细胞体系培养最佳条件为不加琼脂粉的MS+NAA 1mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L、接种量2.5g(50mL培养基)、蔗糖质量分数2%、水解酪蛋白800mg/L。pBastaCD20表达载体构建成功,且目的蛋白在红花悬浮细胞中成功表达。【结论】成功构建了红花悬浮细胞培养体系,并用该体系成功表达了CD20复合片段抗体。     

橙色红曲菌pyrG缺陷株的筛选及鉴定

[目的]筛选和鉴定橙色红曲菌pyrG缺陷株。[方法]以橙色红曲菌AS3.4384（Monascus aurantiacus）为出发菌株,运用紫外照射致基因突变,随后对尿嘧啶依赖型菌株的pyrG基因进行测序比对,筛选pyrG基因突变株,最后用含有米曲霉pyrG基因的pAOP互补质粒对其进行基因转化试验。[结果]经紫外诱变得到一株尿嘧啶依赖型的5-FOA抗性菌株UM28。扩增其pyrG基因并进行测序,发现UM28的pyrG基因在核苷酸序列＋220bp的位置发生了突变,进而导致氨基酸水平上Pro→Ser的突变,造成了乳清苷-5’-磷酸脱羧酶的失活。UM28通过基因转化能够接受含有米曲霉pyrG基因的互补质粒恢复野生表型,且回复突变率低于10-8,能够用于红曲菌同源转化系统的构建。[结论]获得了一株红曲菌pyrG基因缺陷株UM28,它可被用作基因工程的受体菌。