‘甘农2号’黑麦品种在青海省不同区域的适应性评价

本试验以‘甘农2号’黑麦(Secale cereale L.)为试验材料,以‘冬牧70’和‘黑饲麦’为对照,来评价‘甘农2号’在2018-2019年在青海省不同区域(海晏县、湟中县、平安区)的适应性。结果表明：3个黑麦品种中,‘甘农2号’在3个试验点的平均干草产量(13.04 t·hm^-2)显著高于‘冬牧70’和‘黑饲麦’,平均纤维含量显著低于‘冬牧70’和‘黑饲麦’;3个试验点中,海晏点3个黑麦品种的平均干草产量(12.06 t·hm^-2)显著高于湟中和平安点;品种×年份交互作用中,2018年‘甘农2号’黑麦的平均干草产量(14.38 t·hm^-2)显著高于其他处理;试验点×年份交互作用中,2018年海晏点3个黑麦品种的平均干草产量(14.47 t·hm^-2)显著高于其他处理。综上所述,‘甘农2号’黑麦干草产量和营养品质高且较稳定,适应青海省海晏县、湟中县和平安区以及其他气候相似区种植。     

Influences of Northern Leaf Blight on corn silage fermentation quality,nutritive value and feed intake by sheep

This study examined the differences between non‐inoculated (control) corn and Northern Leaf Blight (NLB)‐damaged corn (inoculated corn); dry matter (DM) yield, silage fermentation quality, nutritive value and feed intake by sheep were compared. Leaf, stem and grain dry weights and gross yield of inoculated corn were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased compared with control corn. The contents of water‐soluble carbohydrate and nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) were decreased in inoculated corn compared with control corn. Silage made from both inoculated and control corn showed good fermentation quality. The digestibility of DM, organic matter, ether extract, NFE, and energy of silage made from inoculated corn were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, and contents of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible energy (DE) were also significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with silage made from the control corn. DM intake showed no significant discrepancy between the two types of silage. TDN and DE intakes from inoculated silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower compared with control silage. From the above results it was shown that NLB caused a decrease in DM yield and NFE content in corn and a decrease in the nutritive value and feed intake of silage.     

日粮能量水平对肉兔屠宰性能和肉品品质的影响

以新西兰白兔为试验对象,研究5种能量水平对3月龄肉兔屠宰性能和肉品品质的影响。结果表明:能量水平对肉兔的屠宰率影响不显著(P>0.05),对屠体重、全净膛和眼肌面积影响显著(P<0.05),对肝重影响极显著(P<0.01)。5组兔肉物理性状和兔肉中蛋白质、灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05),水分、脂肪含量差异显著(P<0.05),其中脂肪含量有随日粮能量浓度升高而增多的趋势。     

复合酵母培养物对奶牛产奶性能、氮排放及血液生化指标的影响

为研究饲料中添加复合酵母培养物对奶牛产奶性能、氮排放及血液生化指标的影响,选取年龄、体重、产奶量及泌乳期相近(135±15) d的荷斯坦奶牛24头,随机分为4组,每个处理6个重复,对照组和3个试验组的复合酵母培养物添加量分别为精料浓度的0,0.8%,1.0%,1.2%,随精料饲喂,测定产奶量、乳成分、氮排放及血液生化指标,结果表明,1)试验2组日均产奶量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组分别比对照组提高8.48%,10.05%,8.97%。2)复合酵母培养物能显著提高乳脂和乳蛋白率(P<0.05),显著降低牛奶体细胞数(P<0.05),以试验2组最低。3)在氮排放量上,试验2组显著低于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组比对照组分别降低8.47%,12.01%,9.36%。4)在血液生化指标方面,复合酵母培养物能提高血清中总蛋白、球蛋白、血糖、胰岛素水平(P<0.05),降低尿素氮水平(P<0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,综合考虑产奶量、乳成分、氮排放及血液生化指标,复合酵母培养物的最佳添加量为精料浓度的1.0%。     

Effect of Time and Storage Conditions on Albumen Quality of Eggs from Hens Fed Vanadium

This experiment was conducted to study the albumen quality of eggs from 60-wk-old hens fed 0 or 10 ppm supplemental vanadium (V) as influenced by storage conditions and length of storage time as well as the effect of V feeding and withdrawal on albumen quality over time. After hens were fed V for 23 d, eggs were collected and stored in the laying house at ambient temperature or in a cooler (15.5°C, 60% relative humidity) for 1, 3, 5, or 7 d. Eggs were then broken, and Haugh units (HU) were calculated. Hens fed V had poorer albumen quality than eggs from birds fed the control diet (62.5 vs. 72.1 HU, respectively). Eggs stored in the layer house had poorer albumen quality than those stored in the cooler (63.9 vs. 70.7 HU, respectively). Increasing storage time also had a detrimental effect on albumen quality. Quality declined more rapidly in eggs stored at ambient temperature than in the cooler, but it was not influenced by dietary V. Thus, there was no 3-way interaction as hypothesized.After 7 d of feeding hens 10 ppm V, their eggs had poorer albumen quality than eggs from hens fed the control diet. Time analysis indicated that the significant negative effect to albumen quality occurred in V-fed hens on d 1, 2, 5, and 12 of supplementation. When these hens were then switched to the control diet after 30 d of V supplementation, albumen quality continued to decline for 2 d but did not differ by d 6 from that of eggs from hens given the control diet.     

饲粮粗蛋白质水平对汶上芦花鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质水平对汶上芦花鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响,建立粗蛋白质需要量回归模型,确定汶上芦花鸡产蛋期饲粮粗蛋白质需要量。采用单因素试验设计,选取30周龄、体重相近的健康汶上芦花鸡360只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组分别饲喂饲粮粗蛋白质水平为13%、14%、15%、16%和17%的试验饲粮,其他饲粮营养水平保持一致。预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)平均日粗蛋白质摄入量(ADCPI)随着饲粮粗蛋白质水平的升高而显著升高(P0.05)。产蛋数、产蛋率和平均日产蛋量(ADEM)随着饲粮粗蛋白质水平的升高先升高后降低,16%粗蛋白质水平组达到最大值,显著高于13%和14%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05)。2)13%粗蛋白质水平组的蛋重显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。16%和17%粗蛋白质水平组的哈氏单位显著或极显著低于13%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05或P0.01)。13%粗蛋白质水平组的蛋黄颜色显著浅于14%、15%、16%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05)。蛋壳颜色方面,16%粗蛋白质水平组的亮度显著高于14%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05),13%粗蛋白质水平组的红度显著高于16%粗蛋白质水平组(P0.05)。3)以ADCPI为因变量,以平均日增重(ADG)、ADEM和代谢体重(BW0.75)为自变量,建立汶上芦花鸡饲粮粗蛋白质需要量回归模型为:ADCPI=0.02ADG+0.22ADEM+4.20BW0.75(R2=974 5,P0.05)。由此可见,汶上芦花鸡31~36周龄适宜的饲粮粗蛋白质水平为15.55%。     

饲粮抗氧化剂对肌肉嫩度的影响及作用机制

嫩度是肌肉品质重要的感官指标之一,决定肌肉的营养品质和食用品质。而在动物集约化生产过程中,必然产生的氧化应激会对肌肉品质产生巨大的不利影响,因此探索一种有效的措施改善氧化应激对肌肉嫩度的影响至关重要。结合国内外关于肉质嫩度的研究现状,本文主要对氧化应激、抗氧化剂对肌肉嫩度的影响及作用机制进行阐述,旨在为高效合理地利用抗氧化剂改善肌肉嫩度提供借鉴。     

江西绿壳蛋鸡生产性能及孵化性能与蛋品质的相关性分析

本研究通过对江西绿壳蛋鸡F1代产蛋性能、孵化效果和蛋品质进行分析,为江西绿壳蛋鸡选育提供参考。试验选取300日龄江西绿壳蛋鸡306只及其鸡蛋80枚,分别测定、分析蛋鸡产蛋性能及种蛋孵化效果和蛋品质,并对这些指标进行相关性分析。经测定,试验蛋鸡平均体重为1 596.99 g,平均蛋重为50.57 g,平均产蛋数为14.53枚;群体平均受精率为93.69%,平均死精率为5.55%,平均健雏率为84.3%,平死胚率为13.9%。群体平均蛋形指数为1.28,平均哈氏单位为71.77,平均蛋壳强度为4.44 kg/cm²。相关分析显示,健雏率与蛋重、蛋壳颜色与蛋形指数间呈显著相关（P < 0.05）;健雏率与死胚率、蛋壳强度与蛋壳厚度间呈极显著相关（P < 0.01）。以上结果表明,江西绿壳蛋鸡F1代蛋品质优良,产蛋性能、孵化效果较好,但仍需进一步选育。     

加快方格蔟推广步伐 进一步提高蚕茧质量

要提高认识,产政策,加强领导,认真实施,花大力气加快方格蔟推广步伐,进一步提高我省蚕茧质量。     

应用灰色系统理论评价草地质量初探

以草地优良牧草产量、可食牧草产量、载畜量、牧草利用率和覆盖度为主要指标，应用灰色系统理论中关联工分析的方法，对武威地区３２个类型草地质量进行了评价。结果表明，质量最好的草地是山地草甸，质量最关的是干荒漠和荒漠摹。根据分析结果，提出了武威地区草地质量分级的方案。