畜牧学科遗传育种与动物营养学面上项目申请和资助情况分析

畜禽遗传育种学和动物营养学是国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部六处畜牧学科面上项目的重要组成部分,本文对2004—2007年畜牧学科面上项目中的遗传育种学、动物营养学和饲料资源学的申请和资助情况进行了总结,对申请和资助项目快速增长情况进行了分析,并针对2008年基金委资助格局发生变化的状况,建议项目申请者明确定位,撰写申请书时要在突出创新思想的基础上,以提出的科学问题为主线,阐明拟解决科学问题的方法和手段。本文旨在为从事该专业的科研人员申报科学基金提供参考。     

种猪性能测定饲料配方筛选及饲喂方式选择试验

为探讨适合四川省实际的种猪测定饲料配方及适宜的饲喂方式,本试验采用了两因子重复设计,即三种不同营养浓度的饲料、自由采食和定量给食两种饲喂方式,对48头杜长仔猪进行试验,测定猪在30～100千克体重阶段的日增重和耗料指数,并观察不同钙、磷水平对猪四肢的影响.试验结果表明三种不同营养浓度的饲料和饲喂方式对猪日增重和耗料指数均无显著影响,但营养浓度略低的饲料成本较低.为便于管理,采食方式建议采用定量给食的饲喂方式,对试猪四肢观察结果表明,钙、磷水平最高的一种饲料,可在一定程度上缓解因生长过快造成的四肢病症.     

奶牛分子育种研究进展

本文概述了奶牛分子育种的研究进展,介绍了开展分子育种的必要性,分子育种研究的内容与特点、成就与现状、问题和展望.重点汇总了DNA分子多态及其与生产性状关系研究的成就,包括奶牛的泌乳性状、繁殖性状、抗病性方面候选功能基因的研究,生产性能的微卫星标记等方面.指出了奶牛分子育种研究存在的问题,据此提出了今后加快奶牛分子育种研究的思路、措施和应用前景.     

人工围栏内自然生境中华南虎采食行为初步研究

在人工围栏的自然生境中,采用扫描取样法和焦点取样法对梅花山自然保护区＂中国虎园＂内13只华南虎（其中雌虎7只,雄虎6只）的采食行为进行了初步研究。结果表明,华南虎对采食时间、频率等受季节、生理状态、竞争等因素影响;采食行为在人工哺乳和自然哺乳成活的个体之间差异显著。     

Change in Morphology of Spermatozoa from Dismount Semen during the Breeding Season in Thoroughbred Stallions in Japan

To clarify the physiological changes of sperm morphology in active Thoroughbred stallions during the breeding season, we examined the dismount semen collected from the penile urethra immediately after service. The spermatozoa were analyzed for relationships between the morphology and the stallion’s age or the number of services. Seasonal variation was apparent in the rate of the sperm tail abnormalities, spermatozoa with cytoplasmic droplets, appearance of medusa cells, and sperm head length. Area and width of the sperm head correlated negatively with age (P<0.05). The rate of appearance of medusa cells and the length of the sperm head were positively related to the number of services (P<0.05), and the aspect ratio was negatively related (P<0.01).     

转基因苜蓿研究的现状和前景

简要综述了紫花苜蓿转基因研究的现状,介绍了外源基因转化苜蓿和构建转基因苜蓿植株的手段以及转基因苜蓿研究中的常见问题,展望了转基因苜蓿应用的前景,讨论了苜蓿转基因育种中的生物安全问题。     

加利福尼亚兔选育研究

经过对加利福尼亚兔进行３个世代纯种选育后,繁殖性能有了明显的改善。三世代窝产仔数、产活仔数、３５日龄断奶窝重分别为７．７３只、７．３３只、３７３３．６４ｇ,分别较零世代提高１０．４％、１１．６％和６９．８％,在ＣＰ１６．１３％、ＣＦ１４．５％的中等偏下营养条件下,四世代７７日龄体重达１９１５ｇ,３５～７７日龄日增重为２７．１１克,屠宰率达５６．２％,兔群整齐度有明显的改善。     

面向循环经济的畜禽养殖发展思路

本文阐述了循环经济的特征及其运行模式，分析了传统畜禽养殖业的污染现状及其原因，讨论了面向循环经济的畜禽养殖业应遵循的三大原则，即减量化、再利用和资源化，对畜禽养殖技术、废物利用技术进行了探讨，提出畜禽养殖业应该走循环经济的发展模式，通过研制生态饲料及废物综合利用，达到畜禽粪便的减量化、资源化和无害化。     

蒙古族草原游牧文化（Ⅳ）——蒙古族的游牧管理技术

通过查阅资料和调查,总结了蒙古族草原畜牧业生产技术。蒙古族在畜牧业生产时对牲畜的种畜选育、选种选配、抓膘保膘、接羔育羔、剪毛收绒,种畜去势,大畜调驯、烙印标记、防灾保畜等诸方面都有一套完整有序的饲养管理办法。     

Influence of imported sport horses on the genetic evaluation of Swedish Warmblood stallions

There is substantial international influence on the Swedish Warmblood (SWB) sport horse population. The SWB Association suspects that imported horses are pre-selected based on their anticipated performance level, which could lead to biased estimated breeding values (EBVs) for stallions. This study examined different strategies to handle records for imported horses in the genetic evaluation. The stallions were evaluated for 10 traits using 3 different EBV estimation methods that were compared based on ranking comparisons of stallions, accuracy, correlations and absolute differences between EBVs. The results showed that the stallions’ EBVs were affected by imported offspring which, as a group, had higher average scores than horses born in Sweden. Sire EBVs differed by up to 0.6 genetic standard deviation of the trait between methods for stallions with >50% imported offspring. Excluding imported offspring lowered the accuracies and caused larger re-ranking compared with including a fixed effect of origin in the model.