小麦属G组染色体编码的高分子量谷蛋白亚基多态性

用SDS－PAGE和PCR扩增方法对提莫菲维小麦和阿拉拉特小麦G组染色体编码的高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW－GS）的多态性进行了研究。无论从蛋白质水平还是从DNA水平来看，G组染色体编码的HMW－GS都存在遗传多样性，15个供试材料表现出8种表型，并与普通小麦和硬粒小麦的HMW－GS不同，为了研究G组染色体编码的HMW－GS与小麦品质的关系；利用普通小麦的Glu-1Y位点中部重复结构区的保守序列设计的2个特异性引物对G组染色体进行PCR扩增可以鉴别Glu-1G位点的等位基因变异，且与SDS－PAGE的结果一致。     

小麦非醇溶性贮藏蛋白的研究进展

本文阐述了小麦种子中某些非醇溶性蛋白（麦豆球蛋白和ＨＭＷ清蛋白）的贮藏蛋白性能及研究进展，着重讨论了ＨＭＷ清蛋白与β－淀粉酶之间的关系，指出要改善小麦的品质，必须尽可能全面的了解小麦的醇溶性与非醇溶性蛋白及其相互关系。     

小麦系选品种与其亲本的遗传差异分析

为了解小麦系选品种与其亲本间遗传物质的传递特点,利用分布于小麦全基因组的522个SSR标记和十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对7个系选品种及其亲本进行了分析.总体来看,UPGMA聚类和品种间遗传距离分析结果与品种间亲缘关系有较好的一致性,7个系选品种与其亲本间不同位点的比例平均为25.3％,其中昌乐5号与亲本济南4号有118个(22.6％)不同位点,北京14与其衍生的6个姊妹系品种存在差异的位点数在79～179之间,分别占全基因组遗传信息的15.1％～34.3％.从基因组和染色体来看,系选品种与其亲本的遗传差异较大,其中红良5号在1A、7A、1B和4D染色体,冀麦2号在1D染色体,京双3号在7D染色体,分别与亲本北京14不同位点的比例等于或超过50.0％.高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分析发现,7个系选品种分别与他们的亲本高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成相同.     

Breeding for breadmaking quality using old Hungarian wheat varieties

Due to their broad population diversity, old wheat varieties or landraces play an important role in increasing the genetic variability of agronomic traits. On these grounds, an analysis was made of the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunit composition of the old Hungarian wheat variety Bánkúti 1201. It was found that several genotypes with differing breadmaking qualities can be distinguished for this character. When using old varieties in breeding, it is possible to broaden the genetic background of characters responsible for breadmaking quality by separating the populations. A more detailed analysis of the protein composition of germplasm created in this way will be required to obtain a better understanding of this complex character for its conscious introduction into breeding programmes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

长发带芒草y型高分子量谷蛋白亚基的鉴定与分析

为了证实长发带芒草中的y型高分子量谷蛋白亚基的存在,利用SDS-PAGE分析了3份长发带芒草的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成,发现其y亚基的迁移率均较普通小麦中迁移率最快的D y12亚基迁移率更快,应用PCR扩增、序列测定及基因编码区体外表达等方法研究了1份材料中的y亚基,确认了长发带芒草比普通小麦中迁移率最快的D y12亚基迁移率更快的T ay亚基的真实存在及表达。研究结果证实带芒草属具有与普通小麦中相类似的y型高分子量谷蛋白亚基。     

黄淮南片小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成及其与品质的关系

为了解小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成与品质之间的关系,对177份黄淮南片地区小麦品种(系)的HMW-GS组成及其品质进行了检测。结果表明,177份材料在Glu-A1位点上有3种亚基类型(N、1、2*),在Glu-B1位点上有5种亚基类型(7+8、7+9、14+15、17+18、13+16),在Glu-D1位点上有3种亚基类型(2+12、5+10、5+12),1、14+15、5+10亚基的出现频率分别为73.45%、11.86%和48.02%。1、7+8、17+18、5+10亚基对蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、峰值曲线面积、峰高、SDS沉淀值、8min带高、8min曲线面积、形成时间、稳定时间都具有较大的正向效应。共检测到19种不同的亚基组合类型,其中1/7+8/5+10亚基组合的小麦品种(系)各项品质指标均较优,其次是1/7+8/2+12亚基组合品种(系),N/7+9/2+12和N/14+15/5+10亚基组合类型小麦的品质较差。     

Genetic diversity of HMW glutenin subunits in diploid,tetraploid and hexaploid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum</Emphasis> species

The genetic variations of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits in 1051 accessions of 13 Triticum subspecies were investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. A total of 37 alleles were detected, resulting in 117 different allele combinations, among which 20, 68 and 29 combinations were observed in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats, respectively. Abundance and frequency of allele and combinations in tetraploid wheats were higher than these in hexaploid wheats. Allele Glu-A1c was the most frequent subunit at Glu-A1 locus in tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. Consequently, the results also suggested that the higher variations occurred at Glu-B1 locus compared to Glu-A1 and Glu-D1. Therefore, carthlicum wheat possessing the allele 1Ay could be presumed a special evolutional approach distinguished from other tetraploid species. Furthermore, this provides a convenient approach of induction of the 1Ay to common wheat through direct cross with carthlicum wheat. Alleles Glu-B1c and Glu-B1i generally absent in tetraploid wheats were also found in tetraploid wheats. Our results implied that tetraploid and hexaploid wheats were distinguished in dendrogram, whereas carthlicum and spelta wheats and however displayed the unique performance. In addition, founder effect, no-randomness of diploidization, mutation and artificial selection could cause allele distribution of HMW-GS in Triticum. All alleles of HMW-GS in Triticum could be further utilized through hybrid in the quality improvement of common wheat.     

偏凸山羊草和硬粒小麦远缘杂交后代高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分析

以偏凸山羊草和硬粒小麦(Sauwne20)远缘杂交F6代的30个株系为试材,用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)法鉴定分析了杂交后代高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成.结果表明:F6株系Glu-1位点变异较大,出现了17种亚基类型.在杂交后代中出现了1、2*、13+16、5+10等优质亚基,其中1亚基频率高达77.4%;5+10亚基频率高达74.2%;同时还出现了7、6+8、7+8+21、13+16+21等稀有亚基.64.8%株系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基品质评分高达10分.     

甘肃地方小麦品种资源HMW GS组成及其品质效应

为了解甘肃小麦地方品种资源HMW-GS的遗传组成及品质效应,检测了340份品种的HMW-GS和其中250份品种的沉淀值、蛋白质和湿面筋含量.结果表明,甘肃小麦地方品种资源Glu-1位点有21种亚基变异,冬、春小麦资源均以null(87.9%和77.4%)、7+8(93.2%和88.7%)和2+12(82.1%和76.7%)为各自位点的优势亚基;有42种亚基组合形式,冬、春小麦资源均以null/7+8/2+12为优势组合(分别占67.1%和56.4%).甘肃小麦地方品种资源中5+10和5+12亚基频率高于国内已报道小麦地方资源.春小麦地方品种1、7+8和5+10亚基在各自位点的品质效应值最高,冬小麦地方品种2*、7+8、5+12亚基在各自位点的品质效应值最高.从供试材料中筛选出在2个以上基因位点具有优质亚基的地方小麦品种48份,其中14份在3个位点都具有优质亚基.