The suitability of some blood gas and biochemical parameters as diagnostic tools or early indicators of ascites syndrome in broiler sire lines

In recent few years, there have been some attempts to find a reliable indicator trait as a selection criterion against susceptibility to ascites syndrome (AS). Blood parameters were of great interest as they could be measured in live animals without implementing an ascites‐inducing challenge (AIC). In this work, the suitability of some blood parameters was evaluated for diagnosing AS‐susceptible chicks in later steps of the disease in trial 1 as well as their early predictive ability in trial 2. In the first trial, one hundred 1‐day‐old chicks from two pure broiler lines namely S₁ and S₂ and, in the second trial, 226 1‐day‐old chicks from line S₂ were subjected to AIC. Saline drinking water (1200 mg/l) and lower‐than‐standard ambient temperatures were the implemented AICs in trials 1 and 2 respectively. The blood parameters including pH, partial pressure of O₂ (pO₂), partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), bicarbonate ion concentration (BIC), percentage of haematocrit (HCT) and saturated haemoglobin (SaO₂) were measured twice per each bird at days 28 and 35 in trial 1 and once in trial 2 at day 21. The results of the first trial revealed that in line S₂ some of the blood parameters differed significantly between the ascitic and non‐ascitic groups following exposure to AIC. In this line, the incidence of AS was accompanied by a lower pO₂, SaO₂ and BIC, while with higher pCO₂ and HCT values. In the second trial, however, although almost all of the parameters showed meaningful differences between the ascitic and non‐ascitic broilers, only mean difference of BIC parameter was statistically significant. The general conclusion of this study is that the blood parameters can somewhat have diagnostic ability in the condition in which the AIC is already present, whereas the results did not approve their usefulness as early predictors of AS.     

AN APPRONTMATE CALCULATING METHOD FOR WALL PLATES OF MAN'' S DRY GAS HOLDERS

The basic equations of wall plates of MAN' S dry gas holders are derived in this paper. According to the law of cylindrical bending given by the finite element results .we derive some approximate formula calculating the deflection and stresses of the wall plates from the basic equations. Compared with the known approximate calculating method.the method car. obviously increase the percision.     

DETERMINATION OF METALLIC IRON IN HIGH TITANIUM SLAG BY HEADSPACE GAS CHROMATNGRALHY

The following details are discussed in the present paper, after high titanium slag and H3PO4 is put in the closed system,the .reaction takes place under controlled temperature conditions, and the gas produced is collected. The two phases of gas liquid attain kinetic equilibrium, ihe gas above the liquid is used to make GC analysis with the aid of chromatographic column of 5A molecular sieve, TCD and N2 30ml/min. Satisfactory quantitative results can be achieved with simple instruments and uncomplicated operation technique.     

发动机用平板型空滤器流动阻力特性分析和改进

为减小平板型空滤器流动阻力以增大进气量,对平板型空滤器流动阻力特性开展了实验研究,获得了空滤器流动阻力随流量变化的规律和阻力构成成分。阻力随流量的增大而加速增大,滤芯阻力约占整个空滤器阻力的一半,入口流量为120 m 3/h时,总阻力为915.3 Pa,滤芯阻力为426.4 Pa。在实验获得滤芯阻力参数的基础上,提出采用多孔介质跃升模型对平板型空滤器内部流场开展三维数值仿真分析,结果表明,仿真结果与实验结果比较吻合,最大误差为5.67%。滤芯阻力同样约占整个阻力的一半,另一半阻力主要为出口处阻力,其余壁面阻力约占15%。最后,在实验和仿真分析的基础上,提出了改进模型并进行了仿真分析。结果表明,改进模型阻力有较大程度的下降,入口流量为120 m 3/h时,总阻力为588.2 Pa,较原始模型下降了32.2%;增大空滤器流通横截面积是减小阻力以增大进气量的有效手段,改进空滤器壁面的平滑性是补充措施。     

地源热泵技术在中国温室设施中的应用探讨

当前在中国温室设施中应用和推广地源热泵技术尚存在诸多不利因素,大大限制了该项技术在设施农业领域中的发展。为探寻合理的解决途径,对地源热泵空调系统的关键技术和其在中国的发展概况进行了相关的阐述和分析,并以中国农业大学上庄实验站已经建成使用的地下水式温室地源热泵空调系统为实例,介绍该系统的组成、工作流程、性能参数和使用情况,探讨温室地源热泵空调系统在推广和使用中可能出现的投资较高,长时间运行性能不稳定等问题,分析其原因并提出相应的对策建议。     

煤与瓦斯突出综合预测指标临界值的优化

为了提高煤与瓦斯突出预测的准确性、保障采掘工作面的安全、高效推进和降低防突工程成本,根据“三率”(预测突出率、突出预测准确率、不突出预测准确率)各自具有的合理区间属性和权重,以张集煤矿采掘工作面为例,采用区间数关联决策方法,得出综合预测指标 F ′的最优化区间为［370,380］;根据加权灰靶决策方法,得出预测指标临界值排序为400、390、380等;取最优化区间和排序靠前的临界值的交集,得到煤与瓦斯突出综合预测指标 F ′的临界值为380,并开展现场应用。结果表明,考虑评价指标的区间属性,并取预测指标区间与排序靠前的临界值的交集作为煤与瓦斯突出预测综合指标 F ′的最优临界值方法是合理的。     

高雷诺数对无量纲参数的影响

研究了高雷诺数对气体滚流强度和流量系数的影响。试验表明,气门升程和气道压差小时,难以形成充分发展的湍流,随着气门升程的增大,无量纲滚流强度和流量系数呈上升趋势,并且波动较大;充分发展时,可压缩气体的滚流强度和流量系数恒定不变,不可压缩气体的滚流强度比真实值偏大,而流量系数比真实值偏小,误差大小只与压力比有关,并随着压力比的增大而增大。     

混合器式液化石油气小型发动机性能研究

通过对汽油机改装的液化石油气发动机进行实验研究，得出了混合器形式对液化石油气发动机的性能有重要影响的结论，优先出既便于控制又有利于动力性发挥的等比例混合器；台架实验表明，通过对压缩比的匹配调整的空燃比的合理控制，汽油机改装的液化石油气发动机不用后处理技术就能满足排放法规和噪声法规，其动力性仅下降4％左右。     

煤层气发动机工作特性的试验研究

为了解涡流室式煤层气发动机的工作特性和排放规律,在不同负荷下,进行了燃用三种不同甲烷浓度的煤层气试验。试验结果显示:涡流室式燃烧系统能稳定燃烧甲烷浓度变化剧烈的煤层气;相同工况下,发动机的缸内峰值压力随甲烷浓度的降低而增加,但压力升高率的变化很小;甲烷浓度达到一定值时,甲烷浓度和负荷对主燃期的影响很小;煤层气发动机的CO和HC排放随甲烷浓度和负荷的增加而降低,NOx排放则相反。