Influence of Biopost and Organo upon Flue-cured Tobacco Grown on Semigley. II. Chemical Composition of Tobacco Leaf and Changes in the Chemical Soil Complex

The paper deals with the results achieved in investigating the effects of biopost and organo, in comparison with stable manure and mineral fertilization as well as one with the other, on the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaf and on the changes in the chemical soil complex. Investigations were carried out on semigley in the central Drava Valley in Northern Croatia. While biopost is an organic fertilizer, organo is defined as an organic-mineral fertilizer since, in addition to an organic component, it also contains a mineral component. Both fertilizers affected the chemical composition of tobacco leaf, though they were applied in relatively small quantities. This was primarily reflected in a reduction of nicotine content and an increase in the content of reducing sugars in comparison with mineral fertilizing, though not always proportional to the rate applied. Here, biopost showed a certain advantage over organo.
The calcium content in tobacco leaf does not indicate any marked influence of the fertilizing treatments tested in the trial. Existence of such a relation seems more likely in the case of magnesium, while in the case of potassium, fertilizing with this bioelement had the crucial role with regard to its content in tobacco leaf.
As regards the changes in the chemical soil complex, the effect of the tested fertilizers, depending on the parameters studied, was either non-existent or very slight.     

饲用~(15)N标记绿肥在猪体内氮转化和代谢规律的研究

应用~(15)N标记绿肥饲喂生长猪,探讨猪对绿肥中氮素的消化、吸收、排泄和转化规律。结果证明:(1)饲料绿肥中的~(15)N平均有23.51％被猪体各组织器官消化吸收,有23.85％由粪中排出,有28.76％由尿中排出,总回收率平均为76.12％,损失率为23.88％。(2)猪对日粮中各种氨基酸总量的消化率平均为60.45％。     

Effect of Application of Coir Compost, Enriched Farm Yard Manure and an Hydrophilic Polymer on Soil Moisture Content, Growth and Yield of Rainfed Sorghum in Association with Azospirillum

Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of application of new organic manures and an hydrophilic polymer in combination with fertilizer application and Azospirillum inoculation on soil moisture content, growth and yield of rainfed sorghum. Application of enriched farm yard manure with urea mixed either 24 hours before sowing or at the time of sowing produced the highest LAI, DMP and grain yield. High soil moisture content was noticed due to incorporation of coir compost. Split application of nitrogen and Azospirillum inoculation besides increasing the LAI and DMP gave 15.2 per cent and 14.5 per cent increase in yield respectively.     

Hematological and blood chemical data of pigs fed various amounts of mink manure

The effect of feeding mink manure to pigs and the utilization of its protein and mineral content was studied by blood analyses. Individual variation was large, and the differences between groups were small. Growth of the animals had a significant effect on the levels of several blood components. Judging from the blood analyses, mink manure feeding did not have any harmful effects on the health of the pigs, and the differences to normal feeding were small.     

Disease-induced losses in winter wheat in England and Wales 1985–1989

Annual surveys of winter wheat diseases in England and Wales provide information on the relative severity of the leaf and stem-base disease complex. Septoria tritici was the most damaging disease during the 5-year period 1985–1989 causing annual losses estimated to be 0.329 Mt compared with 0.251 Mt and 0.231 Mt for eyespot and mildew, the next most damaging winter wheat diseases. Annual losses during the period averaged 1.078 Mt excluding losses attributable to the fusarium diseases, for which no satisfactory yield loss relationships are available. Sowing date and length of break from cereals exert a strong influence on incidence of eyespot and losses attributable to the disease and, on the basis of these surveys, growing all winter wheat crops after a 1-year break would prevent national losses of 100 kt annually.     

Erhaltung der Ertragsfähigkeit des Bodens auf lange Sicht unter dem Einfluß von Fruchtfolgegestaltung, Düngung und Herbizideinsatz

Impact of crop rotation, fertilizer treatments and herbicidal applications on the long term maintenance of soil fertility
V. Comparative studies regarding chemical and physical factors of the yield potential of a soil over a ten year experimental period
In order to examine the influence of different crop management practices such as crop rotation, fertilizer treatments and herbicide applications on the yield potential of a soil, the Crop Science Department of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) conducted a long term field experiment commencing 1973. The experimental location was at the Swiss Federal Research Station for Farm Management and Agricultural Engeneering at Tanikon/TG (northeastern Switzerland).
After the ten year period, chemical and physical soil properties were not found to be substantially affected by the various experimental treatments. Organic carbon and total nitrogen were more influenced by fertilizer treatments than by crop rotation and herbicide applications. Both cation exchange capacity and pH proved to be fairly stable values.
Aggregate stability and organic matter exhibited similar profiles, although soil bulk density was affected by crop rotation. The volume of large and medium sized pores was similarly affected in that the corn-dominated crop rotation resulted in a quantifiable impact upon soil compaction.
Depending upon weed control efficiency, the grain yields of the winter wheat test crop clearly exhibited the effects of crop rotation whereas the lowest yields resulted from the corn-dominated crop rotation.     

The occurrence and development of the adventitious roots forming green shoot cutting ofLarix olgensis

The experiment with the green shoot cutting propagation ofLarix olgensis was made in the Maoer Mountain Forestry Farm on July 5, 1990. After the callus formed of the cutting base before adventitious roots came out the materials were collected from the cutting base and fixed in FAA solution. By the paraffin sections and anatomical observation, the results indicted that it needed 40 days from the cutting to the rooting. The induced primordium of the cutting was endogenous in origin, which came from: (1) vascular cambium of the callus, and became roots; (2) meristematic cell population in the intersect between the cambium and xylem ray of the cutting base. There were extruding, crushing process and enzymolysis when the adventitious roots broke through the outer layers in two rooting types.     

Studies on Nitrogen Economy and Productivity of Wheat as Affected by Rainy Season Legumes under Irrigated Conditions

A field experiment was conducted during July 1986–April 1988 at New Delhi, to evaluate the relative contribution of rainy-season legumes towards the growth and productivity of succeeding wheat ( Triticum aestivum [L.] emend. Fiori & Paol), find out economic optimum dose of nitrogen for succeeding wheat and screen a legume which can be best knitted in wheat based cropping system.
HD 2329 wheat performed better when grown after legumes than when grown after Local fodder sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). N economy in wheat was greater (65–78 kg/ha) after Sona clusterbean ( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba [L.] Taubert) and T-9 blackgram ( Phaseolus mungo L.) over sorghum. The economic optimum dose of N for wheat following pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.), soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), groundnut ( Aracbis bypogaea L.), blackgram ( Phaseolus mungo L.) and clusterbean were 110.1, 103.6, 113.7, 109.6 and 92.3 kg/ha respectively.     

天津郊区青椒病毒种群与CMV株系分化研究初报

1987—1988年在天津郊区青椒上发现了4种病毒:黄瓜花叶病毒(占77.0%)、烟草花叶病毒(占42.5%)、马铃薯X病毒(占63.1%)和马铃薯Y病毒(占38.1%),未发现蚕豆萎蔫病毒和苜蓿花叶病毒.根据鉴别寄主的症状反应,天津青椒上黄瓜花叶病毒可分为4类,定名为第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ株系.