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31.
研究不同铃重类型抗虫杂交棉棉铃性状的差异及与铃重的相关性。以3个高品质陆地棉品种(系)和6个转基因抗虫棉品种(系)为亲本,配制36个正反交组合。以单铃重为聚类指标,采用最小离差平方和法和欧氏平方距离将36个杂交组合分为大、中、小铃3种类型。对3种类型的单铃重和11个棉铃性状进行了方差分析和相关分析。结果表明:单铃重、铃壳重、单铃皮棉重、单铃种子重、单铃种子数、单粒种子重、铃横径和铃纵径表现出显著或极显著差异,单粒种子纤维重、单铃不孕子数、不孕子率和铃壳率差异不显著;简单相关分析和偏相关分析表明多数棉铃性状与单铃重的相关性在不同铃重类型间表现基本相同。单铃种子重对单铃重的贡献最大,依次是单铃皮棉重、单铃种子数。铃壳率、单粒种子重、单粒种子纤维重、铃纵径与单铃重的简单相关和偏相关均未达到显著水平;大中铃重类型的铃重与铃壳重的简单相关系数达到显著水平。该研究结果对于通过棉铃性状的调控提高单铃重具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
32.
【目的】棉花纤维突起影响纤维的产量和品质,挖掘纤维起始相关的小RNA及其靶基因对于研究纤维起始机制至关重要。【方法】本研究以新乡小吉的野生型(Wild type,WT)及其无绒有絮突变体(Fuzzless mutant,FLM)开花当天的胚珠为材料,构建6个小RNA文库并进行高通量测序,以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)基因组序列作为参考。【结果】共发现459个mi RNA,包括301个保守的mi RNA和158个新mi RNA。共得到13个差异表达的mi RNA,预测并分析了它们的靶基因。通过对靶基因的生物信息学分析结果显示,预测的这些靶基因侧重于编码HD-ZIP (Homeodomain-leucine zipper)、GRAS (Gibberellic acid insensitive,Repressor of GAI,Scarecrow)、AP2 (APETALA2)家族的转录因子,功能集中在转录和转录后调控阶段。对靶基因进行Gene Ontology (GO)注释发现,它们参与细胞分化、花药发育、花器官发育等生物学过程。随机选出4个mi RNA进行荧光定量PCR验证,结果证实了测序数据的可靠性。【结论】mi RNA通过负调控靶标转录因子和激素相关基因来影响纤维细胞的起始发育。 相似文献
33.
为了揭示陆地棉生长调控因子(growth-regulating factors, GRF)家族的功能,本研究利用全基因组信息在陆地棉基因组中鉴定了 33个GRF蛋白,并对这些家族成员进行了保守结构域分析、蛋白的基本理化性质分析、进化分析、基因的结构分析、染色体定位、保守基序分析和组织表达模式分析。研究表明,陆地棉GRF均含有QLQ和WRC 2个保守结构域,系统进化分为4个亚家族,基因定位在19条染色体上,基因上有2~19个蛋白编码区域,大多数的基因在柱头、子房和20 d的种子中高量表达。本研究弄清了棉花GRF家族的基本信息,为进一步研究棉花GRF家族成员的功能提供了理论指导。 相似文献
34.
亚洲棉同源四倍体种质创新初探 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用秋水仙碱琼脂糖凝胶涂抹法,处理亚洲棉(Gossy pium arboreum)幼苗茎尖生长点,研究亚洲棉同源四倍体种质创新的诱变浓度与诱变时间,得出最佳诱变参数:浓度0.1%,时间1d.与对照株相比,获得的诱变株矮壮,节间缩短;子叶变大、肥厚,且脱落时间延迟;真叶出现晚,叶裂数不一,叶形不对称,叶面凹凸不平,出现卷曲叶、勺状叶,铲形叶等变异;着生子叶的茎杆处和子叶柄处出现瘤状;叶色浓绿.实验还发现19:00~20:00在温室进行处理,有助于提高诱变率. 相似文献
35.
Huijie Li Jiawei Wang Saif Ali Babar Iqbal He Zhang Shanshan Wang 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(2):308-316
ABSTRACT Cotton is critical for phosphorus demands and very sensitive for its deficiency. However, identifying the effect of low-phosphorus tolerance on cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality by reducing phosphorus consumption. This may help to develop phosphorus-tolerant high-yielding cotton cultivars. In a two-year repeated (2015 and 2016) hydroponic experiment (using 0.01 and 1 mM KH2PO4), two cotton cultivars with phosphorus sensitivity (Lu 54; a low-phosphorus sensitive and Yuzaomian 9110; a low-phosphorus tolerant) were screened on the base of agronomic traits and physiological indices through correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis from 16 cotton cultivars. Low phosphorus nutrition reduced the plant height, leaf number, leaf area, phosphorus accumulation and biomass in various organs of seedlings. The deficiency negatively affected the morphogenesis of seedlings, as well as yield and fiber quality. Further, these screened cultivars were tested in a pot experiment with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg P2O5 ha?1 during 2016 and 2017. It was found to have a significant (P< 0.05) difference in boll number, lint yield, fiber strength, and micronaire at the harvest. Furthermore, after collectively analyzed the characteristics of Lu 54 and Yuzaomian 9110, there were six key indices that could improve the low phosphorus tolerance of cotton cultivars. These were root phosphorus accumulation, stem phosphorus accumulation percentage, leaf and total biomass of seedlings, seed cotton weight per boll and fiber length. 相似文献
36.
Gong Chen Haihua Luo Xin Gao Changkai Yuan Jinjian Peng 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2020,66(10):1319-1333
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the effect of late planting on sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls and the relationship to fiber properties and within-boll yield components. Two cotton lines A201 and A705 were employed in a sowing date experiment where two temperature regimes during boll maturation period were created at mean daily temperature of 26.8°C, 28.3°C for early planting and 25.2°C, 23.1°C for late planting in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Boll size, seed mass per boll, seed index and fiber length were increased, and lint percentage was decreased by late planting. Greater cell wall invertase activity and the resultant hexose concentration in fibers were observed in late planting, and thus led to decreased osmotic potential accounting for the enhanced fiber length. Similarly, late planting increased the maximum of vacuolar invertase activity in ovules occurring at 5 days post anthesis (DPA) and hexose concentrations in embryos from 10 DPA afterwards which may favor embryo cell division, and thus increase final seed size. Our data indicate that acid invertase and hexose are implicated in the formation of within-boll yield components and fiber properties as affected by the lower temperature regime due to late planting. 相似文献
37.
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39.
J. L. Snider D. M. Oosterhuis E. M. Kawakami 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(3):228-236
Although photosynthetic thermotolerance has been investigated extensively in cotton leaves, reports on the biochemical influence of the pistil in promoting fertilization thermostability are limited. To evaluate the effect of temperature, genotype, and exogenous calcium application on fertilization and pistil biochemistry in cotton, thermosensitive (cv. ST4554 B2RF) and thermotolerant (cv. VH260) plants were grown under control (30/20 °C) or high‐temperature (38/20 °C) conditions during flowering, and exogenous CaCl2 was applied to flowers 1 day prior to anthesis. Measured pistil parameters included fertilization efficiency; protein concentration; glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidase activities; and ATP and calcium levels. Exogenous calcium had no effect on reproductive thermostability due to poor calcium uptake under high temperature. High temperature resulted in a 19.2 % decline in fertilization efficiency for ST4554 but no change in fertilization efficiency for VH260 relative to optimal temperature conditions. Pre‐stress glutathione reductase and SOD activities were higher in VH260 than ST4554 pistils, and calcium and ATP content were higher in VH260 than ST4554 pistils. It was concluded that pre‐stress antioxidant enzyme activity, ATP and calcium content of the pistil may be associated with reproductive thermotolerance in cotton. These findings should be confirmed in future experiments with a larger number of cultivars. 相似文献
40.
A boll rot of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was observed for the first time in Greece in August 1993 in Larissa and Volos counties, and in August and September 1995
in Trikala and Phthiotis counties. Fungi of the genusPhytophthora were isolated from diseased plants. Morphological characteristics of the pathogen were recorded on mounts made directly from
the infected tissues or after growth of the isolated fungus on corn meal agar or sterile distilled water. Colony morphology,
growth rates, features of asexual and sexual structures and maximum growth temperatures were examined. APhytophthora species new to Europe,Phytophthora boehmeriae Sawada, attacking cotton bolls, was identified. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by artificial inoculations
of detached cotton bolls. Analysis of α-esterase isozymes revealed unique banding patterns for isolates ofP. boehmeriae compared with those ofP. cactorum andP. parasitica, which arePhytophthora species with similar morphology. 相似文献