Assessment of cytoplasmic effects of cytoplasmic male-sterile lines in upland cotton

Paired A- and B-lines, cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS)-lines and main-tainer lines, respectively, were crossed with R-lines (restorer) to produce A × R, R × B and B × R hybrids, which were used in 1993 and 1996 to predict the performance of three lypes of CMS cotton lines available in China. A significant difference in yield and yield components was revealed between paired A × R and B × R hybrids. This difference was greatly influenced by both CMS cytoplasm and the interaction between cytoplasm and nuclear genotypes. It is suggested that there are detrimental effects of CMS cytoplasm on yield and yield components. General combining ability of near-isogenic CMS lines was also affected by this negative effect. The detrimental effect was closely related to an increased number of immature seeds per boll, which might be caused by partial female sterility associated with CMS cytoplasm. The possibility of developing specific combinations of CMS Upland × Upland restorer hybrids that express enough heterosis for yield to overcome the detrimental effect of the CMS cytoplasm is discussed.     

陆地棉品种与陆地棉族系种质系间杂种优势及其组成分析

采用ＮＣⅡ遗传交配设计,选用３个陆地棉常规品种和５个陆地棉族系种质系材料杂交,杂种Ｆ１代产量和纤维品质优势表现明显。通径分析结果表明,提高铃重,单株铃数的中亲优势,适当降低单铃种子数和株高的优势。在其它性状适宜的情况下,可以显著地提高皮棉产量的中亲优势。各个优势组合在产量优势来源上有差异。种质系材料在杂种优势利用上具有很大潜力。     

提高棉花花药愈伤组织诱导率的研究

研究了棉株不同节位,低温预处理,激素等条件对５０个棉花品种（系）花药愈伤组织诱导率的影响。结果表明,以５￣８果枝上１￣２果的花药做材料,低温处理６ｄ后在附加１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ２,４－Ｄ＋０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＺＴ的ＭＳ培养基在培养,愈伤组织发生最好。     

Localization of a Dwarfing Mutation in Upland Cotton Using InDel Markers Based on Genome Re-Sequencing Data

[Objective] InDel markers that were developed by comparing whole genome re-sequencing data were used to map the AS98 gene of a dwarf mutant of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). [Method] An F2 segregation population was constructed from an upland-cotton dwarf mutant (AS98) and its wild type (LHF10), and InDel markers were developed based on genome re-sequencing data from the two parents. The InDel markers and the F2 generation were then used to map the AS98 gene of the dwarf mutant. [Result] A total of 114 InDel markers located in a previous mapping region were screened and used to genotype 223 F2 individuals. Ultimately, phenotypic data and 20 polymorphic primer pairs were used to construct a genetic linkage map. Molecular marker analysis mapped AS98 within a 6.9 cM distance of the marker InDel-50 on chromosome D12. [Conclusion] This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using InDel markers developed from re-sequencing data for gene localization in isolated populations derived from upland cotton dwarf materials. The resulting gene map provides a basis for future fine mapping and molecular-assisted selection breeding.     

Identification and selection of resistance to Bemisia tabaci among 550 cotton genotypes in the field and greenhouse experiments

Plants have developed sophisticated systems to cope with herbivore challenge, including morphological barriers and secondary metabolites to reduce damage. In this study, 550 Gossypium genotypes were evaluated for whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) resistance in five experiments including two in the field and three in the greenhouse, with 23 resistant and 19 susceptible genotypes selected. Whitefly-resistance index determination showed that a leaf having a high density of hairs had resistance to whitfly egg/nymph production. Longer leaf hairs were also important for resistance. This study revealed that okra shaped leaves reduced adult whitefly oviposition preference, while glabrous leaves and high hair density helped not only in the reduction of the adults but also decreased oviposition preference. Gossypol was also observed to be involved in the reduction of adult whitefly development and/or survival.     

棉花三系杂交制种栽培技术总结

从2011年起连续4年用抗虫丰产、高衣分、大铃、抗黄萎病等4类优良棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)品种对引进的不育系和恢复系进行转育和选育,提高了原有不育系和恢复系的抗虫性、抗病性、品质及产量。目前改良不育系的不育株率和不育度都是100%,恢复系的恢复率也达到100%,4类优良品种可以认定为保持系,实现了三系配套。根据棉花三系生长发育规律,通过连续多年试验研究,总结出关键性的三系杂交制种栽培管理技术,为大面积制种提供了参考依据。     

3个陆地棉球蛋白基因启动子的克隆与功能初步分析

为克隆陆地棉来源的种子特异性启动子,根据雷蒙德氏棉测序结果,设计针对GhαGLOA、GhβGLOA和GhβGLOB基因编码区上游约1.5 kb序列的引物,分别以陆地棉总DNA为模板克隆了3条序列。构建了含有编码区上游序列驱动GUS的表达载体,经农杆菌介导转化野生型拟南芥。转基因拟南芥种子的GUS活性荧光检测结果表明,所克隆序列具有启动子功能,其中GhαGLOA启动子的转录活性极显著高于其他2个启动子。在转基因拟南芥成体植株的多个器官中,仅可检出痕量的GUS活性,认为所克隆启动子为种子特异性启动子。     

亚洲棉bZIP蛋白家族的鉴定及GaFDs基因的组织表达分析

碱性亮氨酸拉链(basic leucine zipper, bZIP)是真核生物中数量最多并且最具多样性的转录因子之一,参与植物生长发育及响应生物和非生物胁迫。本研究利用亚洲棉(Gossypium arboreum)全基因组数据库,通过生物信息学分析分布在13条染色体上的159个bZIPs家族基因的全序列。系统进化、基因结构和保守基序分析表明这些基因分成13个亚家族。其中,A亚家族有3个GaFD基因GaFD1、GaFD2和GaFD3,通过实时荧光定量PCR分析3个GaFDs基因在不同组织中的表达,结果表明GaFD1和GaFD2在SAM中的表达量最高,GaFD3在茎中表达量最高。研究表明棉花基因组中具有数量众多的bZIP家族成员,不同基因结构及FD基因不同的表达特征表明bZIP基因在棉花生长发育中可能具有不同的功能,这些结果为进一步解析棉花bZIP家族基因的功能和作用机理积累了有价值的资料。     

利用GGE双标图划分长江流域棉花纤维品质生态区

长江流域棉区棉纤维品质区域特征明显,合理划分纤维品质生态区有助于提高原棉品质和配棉效率。本研究采用GGE双标图的“环境-性状”功能图分析2000-2012年期间长江流域国家棉花品种区域试验中环境与纤维品质性状的互作模式,提出长江流域棉纤维品质生态区划分方案。结果表明,长江流域棉区可划分为“中等品质生态区”、“高长度与比强度生态区”和“低马克隆值生态区”。其中,长江流域中等纤维品质生态区涵盖湖北省江汉平原和鄂东南岗地棉区、河南省与湖北省交界的南襄盆地棉区、湖南省环洞庭湖东部和西部棉区、江西省环鄱阳湖棉区、安徽省沿江与江淮棉区、江苏省宁镇丘陵与沿江棉区和浙江省沿海棉区,纤维品质较好,代表了长江流域的总体水平;高长度与比强度生态区位于湖南省环洞庭湖北部滨湖沃土棉区,纤维长度和比强度优良,而马克隆值偏高;低马克隆值生态区涵盖长江流域最西边海拔较高的棉花熟期早长势较弱的四川丘陵棉区和最东边土壤含盐度较高且棉花长势较弱的江苏沿海棉区,纤维马克隆值达到B级水平,为长江流域马克隆值最好的区域,但纤维比强度水平一般。本研究充分展示了GGE双标图的“环境-性状”功能图在纤维品质生态区划分方面的应用效果,可为长江流域棉花区域化种植和纺织企业合理用棉提供决策支持,也为其他棉区和作物生态区划分研究提供参考。