不同方法提取高致病性禽流感及新城疫病毒RNA效果的比较分析

高致病性禽流感以及新城疫对禽养殖户危害巨大,应用荧光RT-PCR方法对高致病性禽流感、新城疫病毒进行检测在病原学检测中占据优势。而荧光RT-PCR检测的核心是核酸物质的提取。本文将离心柱内硅基质膜提取法（柱膜法）与磁珠法作比较,探讨更适合基层兽医实验室的核酸提取方式。     

玻璃纤维增强杨木单板层积材弯曲性能的初步研究

研究玻璃纤维对杨木单板层积材弯曲性能的增强效果.试验结果表明:玻璃纤维对杨木单板层积材的纵横向静曲强度(MOR)、弹性模量(MOE)的增强效果显著,特别是横向的MOR、MOE的增强幅度更大,横向的MOE、MOR值分别提高了79.6%、60.2%.     

三连栋不对称屋面玻璃温室设计与光照性能分析

设计并建造了阶梯形三连栋不对称屋面玻璃温室。北屋面仰角30°,使屋脊、天沟与北坡面,在立冬至立春的3个月弱光期内,阴影带宽度与对称屋面温室相比减少了0.82m;25°倾角的大南坡屋面,使整个温室的较大面积在冬季能够获得较高的太阳辐射。试验证明,该温室的透光率在60%～90%,平均为80%;光照的水平分布比较均匀;夏季温室阴影面积率为35%,冬季为40%。虽然冬季温室阴影面积率比夏季高,但其阴影下的光照强度仍然较高,能够满足作物生长对光照强度的需要。     

日本蟳微卫星富集文库的建立与多态性标记的筛选

采用磁珠富集法筛选日本蟳微卫星分子标记。日本蟳基因组DNA经Sau3 AⅠ酶切后,收集400~1 200 bp大小的片段并纯化,利用生物素标记的寡核苷酸探针(AC)¹⁵从中筛选出含有微卫星序列的DNA片段,连接到pMD18-T载体中,构建富集微卫星序列的基因组文库,经PCR检测筛选出阳性克隆进行测序。从随机挑选的970个菌落中筛选出369个阳性克隆进行测序,结果86.99%(321个)含有微卫星序列,其中完美型占80.54%,非完美型占15.95%,混合型占4.28%。除使用的探针AC重复外,还得到GA、CT等重复序列。共设计出102对微卫星引物,其中65对能扩增出清晰条带,27对具有多态性。同时筛选出的微卫星标记可为今后研究日本蟳的分子遗传育种提供有效的遗传标记。     

Delivering oxytetracycline to first-feeding zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton), and goby, Asterropteryx semipunctata Rüppell, larvae using lipid spray beads

Lipid spray beads (LSB) were evaluated for delivery of the low-molecular weight, water-soluble antibiotic, oxytetracycline·HCl (OTC) to fish larvae. Various OTC core-to-lipid ratios and OTC core concentrations were evaluated to maximize OTC delivery efficiency by LSB. Acceptability and digestion of LSB containing OTC and riboflavin by larval zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton), and larval gobies, Asterropteryx semipunctata Rüppell, were also evaluated. Increasing LSB core-to-lipid ratios from 1:3 to 1:1 v/v resulted in an increase in encapsulation efficiency (EE) from 2.33 to 3.68% w/w. Increasing OTC concentrations of core solutions from 0.1 to 0.5 g OTC mL⁻¹ increased EE from 3.95 to 18.77% w/w, respectively. Although retention efficiency (RE) was unaffected by this increase, delivery efficiency was increased to 7.9 ± 0.7% w/w, after correcting for leakage losses because of the suspension of beads in water for 60 min. Consumption of LSB containing OTC by first-feeding zebrafish and goby larvae was confirmed by analysis of feeding incidence and gut fullness. Visual observations of larvae fed on LSB containing riboflavin indicated that larvae of both species digested LSB. Zebrafish larvae fed on OTC LSB contained 39.3 ± 2.5 ng OTC after purging LSB from their guts. Use of LSB provides an effective means of delivering therapeutics to fish larvae and could greatly reduce required doses compared with current methods of immersing larvae in solutions of therapeutic agents.     

磁珠法核酸自动提取仪在分子生物学领域的应用

磁珠法核酸自动提取仪可以简单、快速、高效和经济地实现各种标本核酸的自动提取。本文概述了核酸自动提取仪的原理及分类,磁珠法核酸自动提取仪原理、分类、特点及其在分子生物学领域的应用。     

Similarities and differences in secondary structure of viscoelastic polymers of maize α-zein and wheat gluten proteins

The secondary structure of a dough-like zein polymer was compared to the structure present in a wheat viscoelastic system using FT-IR spectroscopy. When zein was mixed at 35 °C, which is above its glass transition temperature (T_g), changes in its secondary structure suggested that the protein loses its native structure, mainly composed of α-helices (68%), and a viscoelastic system is formed by a structural rearrangement that favors β-sheet structures. This rearrangement is very similar to the structural changes observed in gluten viscoelastic polymers. Upon removal of shear stress, the zein polymer showed a rapid decrease in the proportion of β-sheet structures (from 48% to 28% after the first 3 min) in favor of unordered structures. At the same time, the viscoelasticity of the polymer decreased rapidly. In contrast, gluten, in a similar viscoelastic system and held at the same temperature, showed a fairly constant high content of β-sheet structures (49%) coinciding with the slow relaxation time typical of gluten networks after the removal of shear. We speculate that the addition of a protein capable of causing extensive and stable β-sheet formation in the zein–starch viscoelastic polymer could increase the stability and relaxation time of the zein system and, thereby, create the possibility of a zein dough with similar functionality to a wheat viscoelastic system.     

循环水工厂化养殖系统中浮球式生物滤器在不同工况下的水处理效果

本试验对浮球式生物滤器在不同工况下的水处理效率进行比较,结果表明:(1)无曝气条件下,随着水流量的降低,滤器的硝化效率呈增加趋势;NH4-N转化率和NO2--N转化率分别由水流量8 m3/h时的15.87%和23.84%增加到水流量2 m3/h时的38.85%和71.37%;COD去除率在4 m3/h的水流量下最高,达到10.33%;另外,不曝气各工况下出水溶氧和pH有所下降。(2)有曝气条件下,滤器水处理效率随水流量降低而增加;NH4-N转化率和NO2--N转化率分别由水流量8 m3/h时的6.45%和51.45%增加到水流量2 m3/h时的32.67%和93.36%;COD去除率在水流量4 m3/h下最高,为12.20%;有曝气各工况下出水溶氧和pH都有所增加。(3)对无曝气和有曝气各工况进行比较,结果显示有曝气组各工况水处理效率优于无曝气组。(4)对试验中各工况的日水处理效果进行比较,认为有曝气条件下水流量维持在6 m3/h为适合生产的最佳工况。     

水果速冻保藏研究进展

综述了水果速冻和冻藏研究领域中,水果速冻分类方法;冷冻速率与细胞冰晶体的分布、大小和细胞结构变化的关系;冷冻-解冻和细胞结构变化的关系;与水果质量有关的酶活性变化,果肉色泽、风味和抗坏血酸的变化;低温玻璃化贮藏水果的优点以及水果速冻和玻璃化保存期间低温断裂的问题。     

NMR转折点温度对食品储存过程中Maillard反应速率影响

采用核磁共振(NMR)技术对以葡萄糖、海藻糖、蔗糖、赖氨酸构成的模型食品进行磁共振实验,绘制体系NMR状态图并计算转折点温度,同时在不同温度下进行储藏实验,考察体系中葡萄糖的变化,评估不同储藏温度下的Maillard反应速率.结果表明:模型食品体系含水量不同、非反应组分含量不同,其NMR转折点温度有所不同.低水分含量的体系具有相对高的NMR转折点温度.即使在相同的储藏温度下,含水量相同而非反应组分含量不同的情况下,体系的Maillard反应速率也有所不同.储藏温度处于体系的NMR转折点之下时,体系的Maillard反应速率明显要比在NMR转折点温度之上要慢.由此,可以通过改变食品的配方、含水量等改变体系的NMR转折点温度,可以有效地延长食品的货架期.因此,核磁共振状态图对于评估最佳的储藏温度,以及通过配方设计来延长食品的货价期具有指导意义.