地面覆草对姜田小气候及生姜生长的影响

姜田地面覆草可显著增加土壤含水量,降低地温,提高空气相对湿度,但使气温稍升。尽管地面覆草未改变光强,但生姜长势与传统插草相似,因而最终产量未表现显著差异。地面覆草与插草的生姜长势及产量均极显著高于裸地     

微波流态化干燥姜片工艺与品质分析

研究了不同微波功率下,微波流态化干燥姜片的工艺和品质。在工艺参数比较适中的0.7 W/g的微波功率下,姜片流态化干燥时间为1.83 h,与75℃热风干燥相比干燥时间缩短了6.67 h,且维生素C保有率优于热风干燥。然而,微波流态化干燥,姜片的微观结构和复水能力都发生了明显的变化,当干基含水率降到200%以下,姜片的感官品质变化很快。发挥微波流态化干燥的相对优势,需要控制干燥后期的降水速度,这也是改进工艺的研究重点。     

姜醋奶保健饮料的研制

[目的]研制一种姜醋奶保健饮料。[方法]选用生姜、陈醋、低脂奶粉为主要原料,配以具有保健功能的木糖醇、蜂蜜作甜味剂,生产姜醋奶新型保健饮料。其中着重研究了生姜榨汁过程中Vc护色的最佳工艺,并通过正交试验确定姜汁、糖（添味剂）、乳酸、陈醋等影响姜醋奶保健饮料风味的最佳比例,同时进一步研究了稳定剂的选择和最佳添加量。[结果]确定了姜醋奶保健饮料的生产工艺、操作要点和产品质量标准及其最佳配方。产品配方：糖（木糖醇：蜂蜜：4：1）添加比例为7．5％,乳酸添加比例0．17％,陈醋添加比例1．8％,姜汁添加比例15％,牛奶添加比例3％,蛋白糖0．0375％,CMC—Na0．30％,黄原胶O．15％。l结论]姜醋奶饮料色泽乳白带棕褐色,质量稳定、风味独特、口感柔和、细腻、营养丰富,是一种保健型营养饮品。     

光质对生姜叶片光合特性的影响

【目的】探讨光质对苗期生姜叶片光能利用及光合特性的影响,为生姜苗期遮光处理提供理论依据。【方法】以莱芜大姜为试材,采用不同颜色塑料薄膜及尼龙纱网进行苗期遮光处理,创造光强相同而光质不同的环境条件,测定叶片叶绿素荧光参数、光合速率和光呼吸速率日变化及光合特征参数。【结果】不同处理叶片叶绿素荧光参数日变化动态相似,但叶片Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’、ΦPSⅡ、qP和光化学反射指数（PRI）均以绿膜处理最高,其次为蓝膜和白膜处理,红膜处理最低;而PSⅠ和PSⅡ间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数（β/α-1）和NPQ则以绿膜处理最低,蓝膜、白膜和红膜处理依次升高。叶片Pn日变化均为有明显午休的双峰曲线,但由高到低依次为绿膜、白膜、红膜、蓝膜;而Pr及Pr/Pn则相反。红膜处理叶片AQY较高而光补偿点较低;绿膜处理叶片CE、RuBP最大再生速率及光饱和光合速率较高。【结论】适当增加遮光光质中绿光比例,生姜叶片午间光抑制程度较轻,PSⅠ和PSⅡ间线性电子传递协调性较好,激发能热耗散较低,光能利用效率较高。因此,绿膜处理叶片适应强光能力较强,Pn较高。     

玉米与生姜间作复种系统增产增效分析

[目的]为推广复种系统提供依据。[方法]以玉米(兴黄单999)和生姜(当地种)为试材,设4种间作处理,带宽分别为1.67(CK)、2.33、2.67和3.00m,研究了不同带宽间作方式的玉米和生姜的产量和产值。[结果]不同带宽间作处理方式对2种作物产量的影响不同。2.33、2.67和3.00m带宽处理的玉米产量分别比对照的降低22.21%、20.66%和27.72%;3.00m处理的生姜产量最高,为21750.0kg/hm2;2.33m带宽处理的最低,为19927.5kg/hm2。玉米生姜间作时,2.33、2.67和3.00m带宽处理的2种作物的产值分别为31404.30、32450.40和32413.20元/hm2,分别比对照(14752.80元/hm2)增加了112.87%、119.96%和119.71%,2种作物的纯收入分别比对照增加了138.87%、138.94%和132.40%。[结论]2.67m带宽处理是玉米和生姜间作的最佳复种模式。     

安石榴苷和类黄酮对生姜茎基腐病的防治效果研究

生姜(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)是一种重要的香辛调味品且有一定的药用价值,但由于无性繁殖和重茬种植导致病原菌长期积累,严重影响了生姜的品质和产量。生姜茎基腐病是其中严重的疾病之一,目前对致病菌的生物学特性研究较少,而且目前现有的防治措施,存在环境污染和食品安全的问题。基于此本研究拟从莱芜患病生姜植株中分离筛选病原菌,明确其分类种属和致病性特征。同时探究安石榴苷和类黄酮2种外源物质对致病菌的防治效果和生姜植株防御酶和防御基因的影响。基于此本研究从莱芜的发病生姜中分离筛选出7株不同的病原菌,研究结果共发现7株致病菌,分别是Fusarium verticillioides、Fusarium proliferatum、Penicillium oxalicum、Trichoderma longibrachiatum、Nigrospora oryzae、Fusarium solani、Globisporangium spinosum,其大致归属于镰刀菌和腐霉菌属。施用了安石榴苷和类黄酮2种不同的外源物质,探究其防治效果。结果发现2种外源物质对病原菌均有抑菌效果,并且类黄酮的抑菌效果更加显著,在20 g/L类黄酮的施用下对病原菌Globisporangium spinosum、Trichoderma longibrachiatum抑制率可达100%,对病原菌Penicillium oxalicum 、Fusarium proliferatum、Fusarium verticillioides、Fusarium solani、Nigrospora oryzae抑制率分别为63.4%、64.0%、67.9%、70.8%、91.%。。在20g/L安石榴苷的施用处理下对病原菌Penicillium oxalicum 、Fusarium proliferatum、Globisporangium spinosum、Fusarium verticillioides、Trichoderma longibrachiatum、Fusarium solani、Nigrospora oryzae抑制率分别为27.8%、43.8%、100.0%、30.0%、23.3%、62.5%、83.3%。外源物质类黄酮的添加显著增加了生姜植物体的防御酶(过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶)活性和防御基因(PAL、GLU、REF、HMGS、WRKY8)表达,在48h下,不同浓度(20 g/L、10 g/L)类黄酮处理的姜叶中,过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性增高;通过半定量RT-PCR实验发现PAL、GLU、WRKY8防御基因的表达量增加。本研究结果表明类黄酮处理下的生姜植株抗病性显著增强,利用类黄酮来防治生姜病害可成为化学农药的一种替代品。     

生姜光合效率日变化的研究

生姜生长期间,午间强光使叶片光合速率（Pn)、表观量子效率（AQY）及PSⅡ的光化学效率（Fv/Fm)下降,即表现为光抑制。苗期因光照强、温度高、AQY,Fv/Fm较低,光换制较重;随季节进展及光、温等条件的改善,光抑制减轻。对生姜遮荫可提高AQY和Fv/Fm,降低光抑制,但由于遮荫降低了羧化效率（CE）,使Pn明显下降。据此,对有关遮荫理论及AQY等指标的应用进行了讨论,并提出改革当前遮荫方式的设想。     

Pythium soft rot of ginger: Detection and identification of the causal pathogens,and their control

Ginger is considered by many people to be the outstanding member among 1400 other species in the family Zingiberaceae. Not only it is a valuable spice used by cooks throughout the world to impart unique flavour to their dishes but it also has a long track record in some Chinese and Indian cultures for treating common human ailments such as colds and headaches. Ginger has recently attracted considerable attention for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties. However, ginger as a crop is also susceptible to at least 24 different plant pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes. Of these, Pythium spp. (within the kingdom Stramenopila, phyllum Oomycota) are of most concern because various species can cause rotting and yield loss on ginger at any of the growth stages including during postharvest storage. Pythium gracile was the first species in the genus to be reported as a ginger pathogen, causing Pythium soft rot disease in India in 1907. Thereafter, numerous other Pythium spp. have been recorded from ginger growing regions throughout the world. Today, 15 Pythium species have been implicated as pathogens of the soft rot disease. Because accurate identification of a pathogen is the cornerstone of effective disease management programs, this review will focus on how to detect, identify and control Pythium spp. in general, with special emphasis on Pythium spp. associated with soft rot on ginger.     

Effect of temperature on growth,dry matter production and starch accumulation in ten mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars

Summary

Ten mango cultivars of tropical and subtropical origin (Carabao, Kensington, Nam Dok Mai, Alphonso, Dashehari, Florigon, Glenn, Irwin, Haden and Sensation) were grafted onto cv. Kensington seedling rootstock and held at four day/night temperatures for 20 weeks (15/10°C, 20/15°C, 25/20°C and 30/25°C). Vegetative growth increased with increasing temperatures. All grew vegetatively at 25/20°C and 30/25°C. Cultivars which did not grow at 20/15°C were Carabao, Kensington and Dashehari. Cultivars Kensington, Nam Dok Mai, Alphonso, Florigon, Glenn, Irwin, Haden and Sensation produced flower panicles at 15/10°C. The rise in temperature increased the average number of growth flushes (in responsive cultivars) from 0.48 at 15/10°C to 3.21 at 30/25°C, and the number of leaves per growth flush (1.22 at 15/10°C to 13.63 at 30/25°C). Distribution of dry matter from new growth was mostly to the roots at the lowest temperature (95% at 15/10°C) and to the leaves (58%) at 30/25°C. The mean daily temperature for zero vegetative growth was calculated to be 15°C. Temperature and related growth activity also affected the concentration of starch in the woody tissue of rootstock trunks at the end of 20 weeks (15.9% starch at 15/10°C v. 4.8% starch at 30/25°C). ‘Irwin’ had the highest starch concentration at the two higher temperatures (twice that of any other cultivar at 30/25°C) while ‘Kensington’ the lowest starch level at 25/20°C, ca. 50% of most other cultivars.     

生姜育种研究进展

生姜良种的培育与开发是促进生姜产业快速发展的关键因素。为了促进生姜育种工作的发展,对生姜系统选育、诱变育种、多倍体育种和基因工程技术育种等方面的国内外研究成果进行了总结,为生姜育种研究工作提供参考。