Estimation of the spawning grounds of chub mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber japonicus</Emphasis> and spotted mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber australasicus</Emphasis> in the East China Sea based on catch statistics and biometric data

The spawning grounds of the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) in the East China Sea were estimated based on catch statistics of the Japanese large- and medium-type purse seine fishery from 1992 to 2006. Biometric data were obtained from specimens caught by purse seiners in the East China Sea from 1998 to 2006. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) at 50% sexual maturity of chub mackerel and spotted mackerel females was 2.5 and 2.6, respectively. Using this criterion for GSI, chub mackerel larger than 275 mm and spotted mackerel larger than 310 mm in fork length were considered to be mature. Mature chub mackerel was observed in the area of 15–22°C sea surface temperature (SST), and mature spotted mackerel was observed in the area of 17–25°C SST. The spawning period of chub mackerel ranged from February to June, and that of spotted mackerel ranged from February to May in the East China Sea. The spawning grounds were estimated from the distributions of catch per unit effort (CPUE) of spawners and SST. As a result, the spawning ground of chub mackerel was estimated to be in the central and southern part of the East China Sea and the area west of Kyushu in February, March, and April, and in the central part of the East China Sea, the area west of Kyushu and Tsushima Straight in May, and in Tsushima Straight and western part of the Sea of Japan in June. The spawning ground of spotted mackerel was estimated to be in the central and southern part of the East China Sea and southern coastal area of Kyushu in February, March, and April, and the central and southern part of the East China Sea and the area west of Kyushu in May.     

新月菱形藻的光生物反应器半连续培养

利用平板式光生物反应器对新月菱形藻进行半连续培养,探讨更新率、更新周期对新月菱形藻生长、细胞采收量、生化成分及细胞生物量产率的影响.结果显示,随更新率的增大,新月菱形藻的生长速率增大,藻液中氮磷的平均含量上升,而平均细胞密度及产率呈下降趋势;总采收量与更新率呈抛物线关系,细胞生物量、胞内多糖和蛋白的最大采收量分别收获于33%、25.2% 和34.7%的更新率下,其最大值分别为2.11×1012 cell、3623 mg 和2347 mg.更新周期的延长导致新月菱形藻平均生长速率减小,藻液中氮磷的平均含量下降,而采收的平均细胞密度与产率增大,胞内代谢物蛋白质和多糖的含量增加;总细胞采收量随着更新周期的延长减小,当更新周期为1 d时采收量最大,为3.12×1012 cell.综合考虑,更新率为33%、更新周期为1 d,是收获生物量的最佳条件.     

黄河三角洲东亚飞蝗夏蝗发生的气象预测模型

利用黄河三角洲地区5个重点沿海蝗区1983-2008年东亚飞蝗夏蝗的调查资料和相应的气象资料,分别对飞蝗发生期、发生量与主要气象因子进行相关分析并组建回归预测模型。结果表明,夏蝗出土始期和出土盛期均与上年9月和当年2月的降水量呈显著的负相关关系,但方程系数不同;在发生量预测中,夏蝗发生密度与4月平均气温和2月降水量呈显著负相关,发生面积与3月和上年8月的平均气温呈显著正相关、与上年9月降水量呈显著负相关。利用历史资料对预测模型进行回代检验,模拟值的平均相对准确率达90.2%,可以满足实际需求。     

水杨酸对杏树花期抗寒性及坐果率的影响

以室温蒸馏水处理为对照,分别用浓度为0、2、10、20、40、80 m g.L-1的水杨酸溶液处理张公园杏初开花朵,放入0℃恒温培养箱4 h,取出后测定花朵的外渗电导率值、呼吸强度、雌蕊的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性及丙二配醛的含量,结果表明:水杨酸可有效抑制由低温引起的细胞电解质外渗,提高呼吸速率,提高雌蕊超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性,减少丙二醛的积累。还在田间条件下,以7年生3个品种的杏树为试材,于初花期分别用浓度为0、2、10、20、40 m g.L-1的水杨酸溶液进行喷施,结果发现:浓度为10 m g.L-1的水杨酸能够极显著地提高骆驼黄、华县接杏品种的坐果率,但其对张公园品种的影响却并未达到显著水平。认为在杏树初花期喷施一定浓度的水杨酸可以起到预防低温伤害及提高产量的作用。     

绿竹笋期叶片生理生化特性研究

绿竹 (Dendrocalamopsisoldhamii)属禾本科竹亚科绿竹属 ,原产我国 ,集中分布浙江南部、台湾、福建及广西、广东等省 (区 )。在浙江、台湾、福建三省普遍栽培 ,是亚热带地区优良速生的笋材两用的丛生竹种之一。绿竹笋味鲜美 ,清凉解暑 ,同时具有降压、降脂、增强消化系统功能的作用 ,是夏秋两季深受群众喜爱的美味佳肴。绿竹竹材易降解 ,是应用前景广阔的造纸原料。近年来 ,以笋用林为主要经营目的的绿竹林发展很快 ,并取得不少的经验 (张文燕等 ,1 999;郑文汉等 ,1 997;董建文 ,2 0 0 0 )。叶片作为最主要的同化器官在竹林生长发育过程中起着重要作用 ,研究竹叶片生理生化特性 ,揭示叶片生长发育规律 ,对指导竹林栽培具有重要意义。当前对竹子叶片生理生化特性的研究已有过不少报道 ,如毛竹(Phyllostachysheterocyclacv .pubescens) (郑郁善等 ,1 998;黄启胜等 ,1 989)、麻竹 (Dendrocalamuslatiflorus)(邱尔发等 ,2 0 0 1 ;2 0 0 2 )、雷竹 (Phyllostachyspraecoxf.pre...     

海南岛几种优势树种构筑型的研究

对海南 9种优势树种构筑型进行研究 ,通过对树木分枝方式和发芽方式的细致观察和描述 ,发现有 1种属Massart型 ,1种属Troll型 ,7种属Rauh型。对这 9种树木的构筑型特征与国外的研究进行了比较 ,确定了构筑模式与属及发芽模式与属之间的关系。     

Effect of collection date on capsule moisture content and germination of Populus ciliata Wall. ex Royle from central Himalaya

Seed maturity indices of Populus ciliata were investigated in collections from Sukhatal and Bhowali. Across both seed sources, mean capsule size varied from 68.0±1.5 mm² to 72.0±0.9 mm², while mean number of capsules/100 grams varied from 268±8 to 295±12. Mean weight of 100 capsules varied from 25.0±1.4 g to 27.0±1.4 g. Weight of 100 capsules among sources and individual trees differed significantly (P < 0.05), while number of capsules/100 grams and weight of 100 capsules was negatively correlated (r² = 0.69). As capsules matured moisture content decreased from 83.2±1.1% to 54.3±0.3% at Sukhatal and from 77.7±0.4% to 46.4±0.3% at Bhowali. The optimum germination was at 58–60% moisture content. Maturation was related to capsule colour changes as well as moisture content. These parameters were judged to be good indicators of when to collect P. ciliata seeds.     

中华槭花粉活力探究

以中华槭为研究对象,研究了中华槭花粉离体培养萌发最佳测定时间,中华槭花粉活力快速测定的方法,蔗糖、硼酸、氯化钙浓度以及不同贮藏温度(室温、4℃、-20℃)对中华槭花粉活力的影响。试验结果表明:中华槭花粉离体培养16h后,再进行其花粉活力的测定较为适宜;用离体培养萌发法测定的花粉活力,最接近于中华槭花粉的真实活力。适于中华槭花粉萌发的蔗糖、硼酸、氯化钙浓度分别为:100g/L、50mg/L、50mg/L。中华槭花粉在4℃下可以存活60d,在-20℃下可以保存120d,在室温下仅可以存活7d。     

环境条件对重阳木生长的影响

对重阳木以通径分析方法分析其生长状况与环境条件的关系。结果表明:多行的重阳木与其生长状况呈较强的正相关关系,除直接作用外,根系半深埋,根系损害以及地面硬化等均可通过其对生长状况产生影响;根系正常与冠幅生长相关性较强,除直接作用外,多行,根系伤害以及地面硬化程度均可通过其对冠幅生长产生影响;单行的重阳木与树干生长关系密切,除直接作用外,根系深埋、根系伤害程度以及地面硬化程度均可通过其对树干生长产生影响;根系深埋推迟发芽时间,除直接作用外,单行以及地面硬化均可通过其对发芽时间产生影响。