凤尾桑及其芽变品系间遗传变异的ISSR分析

利用ISSR引物,从分子水平分析了凤尾桑及其芽变株系的遗传变异。从8个ISSR引物扩增结果来看,3个引物的扩增产物在株系间无差异,从变异株系扩增条带来看,凤尾芽变变异最大。本结果从分子水平证明了芽变株系的遗传结构差异。     

偃麦草种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

通过对DNA提取方法及RAPD反应体系进行探讨,建立了适应偃麦草基因组DNA提取的方法及优化的RAPD反应体系。在此基础上,依据Jaccard相似系数,采用UPGMA方法进行聚类,判定32份偃麦草种质材料间的亲缘关系及遗传多样性。结果表明:(1)改良常规CTAB法,即对样品先进行洗涤并提高CTAB含量到3%可提高偃麦草DNA的提取质量。(2)对100条随机引物进行筛选,共筛选出18条多态性高、重复性好的随机引物,以此对32份材料进行PCR扩增,共扩增出264条带,多态性条带为93.7%。(3)以遗传相似系数为依据,对32份偃麦草材料进行聚类分析,在相似系数为0.373处可将供试偃麦草种质资源划分为5大类群。     

牛二酰甘油转酰基酶(DGAT1)基因的生物信息学分析

DGAT1基因作为影响奶牛产奶和肉牛肉质性状的主效基因之一,引起了人们越来越多的关注。本文应用生物信息学方法比较了人、牛、猪、绵羊等24个物种的DGAT1基因编码区(CDS)核苷酸和蛋白质序列,并对该基因的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明,DGAT1基因的CDS核苷酸和蛋白质序列长度多样性丰富;具有终止密码子偏爱性,包括牛在内的所有脊椎动物终止密码子都为TGA;在长度为1 187bp的33条基因序列中检测到992个多态位点,共生成26种单倍型。从聚类分析图可以看出,脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、植物和微生物的DGAT1基因之间存在着进化分歧,但界内差异较小。     

不同居群马蔺种质材料同工酶酶谱特征分析

采用非连续性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对我国北方5省区不同居群的23份马蔺(Iris lactea var.chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz.)种质材料进行过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶酶谱特征分析,旨在揭示其遗传多样性,以及不同居群马蔺种质之间的亲缘关系.结果表明:在相对迁移率(Rf)为0.041～0.875的位点处,共有40个位点检测出谱带,其中共有谱带8条,特征谱带15条,说明不同居群间马蔺种质间存在一定同源性,部分居群的马蔺种质会发生遗传变异.来自内蒙临河8号( BJCY-MI013)和吉林长岭19号(BJCY-ML028)之间遗传相似系数最小(0.3726)     

三河牛母牛产奶量及生长性状遗传参数的估测

本试验采用1984、1987、1992、1997、1998年内蒙古谢尔塔拉种牛场881头三河牛母牛的测定记录．配合动物模型BLUP方法用MTDFREML软件估计了三河牛产奶量、体尺、体重、外貌评分等7个性状的遗传力、遗传方差。得出三河牛305天产奶量、外貌评分、体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、体重的遗传力分别为0．80、O．04、0．84、0．93、0．77、0．24、0．64,并且得到了7个性状的平均值以及它们之间的遗传相关、表型相关及环境相关估计值。这些遗传参数的估计可为种畜的选择提供依据。     

橡实象虫等25种昆虫线粒体COⅠ基因的遗传多样性及系统进化分析

橡实象虫(Curculio arakawai)是象甲科中危害柞树种子和嫩芽的重要害虫。为探讨利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因的特定区段作为DNA条形码快速准确识别橡实象虫的可行性,克隆了3个橡实象虫线粒体COⅠ基因5'端长度约556 bp的片段(GenBank登录号:JN258957,JN258958,JN258959),并与鞘翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目共24种昆虫的同源片段进行碱基组成多样性和系统进化分析。序列分析结果显示:橡实象虫与其它24种昆虫的COⅠ基因序列呈现丰富的遗传多样性,碱基位点的变异率为48.2%,序列平均差异为19.7%;COⅠ基因序列的AT含量(69.9%)明显高于GC含量(30.1%),存在显著的AT使用倾向性;碱基替换模式颠换大于转换,碱基替换数与物种两两遗传距离呈明显的线性关系;COⅠ基因序列的碱基变异速率较快的位点主要集中在序列中间区域的210～390 bp。基于COⅠ基因序列构建的NJ、ME和MP系统进化树均显示橡实象虫与鞘翅目象甲科(Curculionidae)昆虫的进化关系最近,聚在一起形成一个分支,鳞翅目等其它昆虫聚在一起形成另外一个分支;橡实象虫与鞘翅目象甲科Kyklioacalles属昆虫间遗传距离最小,与鳞翅目丝角蝶科Macrosoma sp.属昆虫间的遗传距离最大。根据COⅠ基因序列的多样性,能将橡实象虫明显地与其它昆虫区分开。     

苜蓿新品系Dy-2006亲缘关系的SSR分析

应用SSR分子标记对苜蓿新品系Dy-2006等6个苜蓿品种(品系)亲缘关系进行了分析.8对SSR引物共扩增出128个位点,106个位点显多态性,多态位点比率82.81%;不同苜蓿品种(品系)SSR多态性百分率存在一定差异,在32.81%～45.31%之间.遗传相似度(F)和遗传距离(D)的变化分别范围在0.9062～0.9689和0.0326～0.0762.聚类分析结果显示,新品系Dy-2006与龙牧801亲缘关系相对较近,与阿尔冈金亲缘关系较远,并与其它供试品种存在一定差异,为一个相对独立的品系.     

Genetic correlations between similar traits in the Danish and Swedish Warmblood sport horse populations

Genetic correlations between phenotypically similar or related traits tested at young horse performance tests for Danish Warmblood (DWB) and Swedish Warmblood (SWB) horses were calculated using Multi-trait Across Country Evaluation (MACE). Data comprised stallions with an estimated breeding value (EBV) from the national genetic evaluations (NGE) based on at least 10 progeny tested in performance tests, and the ancestors of those stallions in two generations. The DWB data included 349 stallions and the SWB data 426 stallions. Of these, 28 had EBVs in both DWB and SWB. Additionally 151 pedigree animals were common between DWB and SWB. The dependent variables used were NGE results of stallions born 1980 and later, which reduced the number of common stallions with EBVs to 23. The genetic correlations were very high for jumping traits (0.99) and dressage related traits (0.89–0.97). For conformation traits correlations varied between 0.10 and 0.98. Because of the high genetic correlations and frequent use of same or closely related foreign stallions, breeders of both DWB and SWB would benefit from using the NGEs for performance traits across countries, although the genetic correlations do not consider differences in genetic merit levels between the populations. It would be feasible to perform a joint genetic evaluation using MACE, which would improve the reliability of estimated breeding values, and enable ranking of all stallions according to the national scale of each country.     

In vitro evaluation of screws and suture anchors in metaphyseal bone of the canine tibia

OBJECTIVE: To compare ease of insertion, load to failure, and mode of failure of cortical and cancellous screws, BoneBiter, IMEX, and TwinFix suture anchors in canine metaphyseal tibial bone. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental biomechanical study. ANIMALS: Canine cadaveric tibias. METHODS: One investigator inserted all anchors and subjectively evaluated ease of placement. Anchor systems were loaded to failure along axis of insertion with audio-video recording to determine failure mode. RESULTS: BoneBiter was the most difficult anchor to insert successfully. Mean+/-SD loads to failure were cancellous screw (711+/-193 N), IMEX 4.7 mm 18 g wire (661+/-163 N), IMEX 4.0 mm 18 g wire (661+/-165 N), cortical screw (635+/-184 N), BoneBiter #5 Kevlar suture (393+/- 109 N), and TwinFix 5.0 mm #2 polyester (267+/-73 N). No significant differences were noted among the cortical screw, cancellous screw, IMEX 4.7 and 4.0 mm, all of which were significantly (P<.001) greater than BoneBiter and TwinFix . Failure modes were pullout of bone, suture-wire breakage, eyelet breakage, or no failure to 1000 N: screws (18,0,0,2), IMEX (18,1,1,0), BoneBiter (2,8,0,0), and TwinFix (0,10,0,0). CONCLUSIONS: Fixation devices were user friendly, with the exception of BoneBiter. Mode of failure is dependent on suture material and anchor design. Cortical and cancellous screws, and IMEX anchors with 18 g wire have significantly greater load to failure compared with BoneBiter and TwinFix suture anchors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Based on load to failure, ease of use, design characteristics, and cost, IMEX anchors may have advantages over other comparable soft tissue fixation devices.     

用RAPD标记分析草地早熟禾遗传多样性

采用RAPD分子标记技术对从美国引进的12份草地早熟禾(Poapra tensis L.)品种的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明,从60个随机引物中筛选的17个有效引物共扩增出104条带,其中多态性带65条,占总带数的62.5%,平均每个引物扩增出多态性带3.82条;利用NTSY S-PC软件计算品种间Jaccard遗传相似系数(GS),变化范围为0.362~0.971;用非加权组法(UPGMA)聚类分析,建立供试品种的分子系统树状图,以相似系数0.7为标准分为5类,其中新哥来德(NuGlade)、解放者(Liberator)、浪潮(Impact)、午夜(Midnight)、自由Ⅱ(Freedom Ⅱ)、超级伊克利(Total eclipse)和纳苏(Nassau)共7个品种聚为一类,兰神(Nublue)和美洲王(America)聚为一类,其余品种各自为一类;该结果对引进草地早熟禾品种资源评价与利用具有一定的参考价值。