纽荷尔脐橙成年态节间茎段遗传转化研究

建立柑橘成年态节间茎段的离体再生和遗传转化系统是实现柑橘转基因育种实用化的前提基础。本试验以纽荷尔脐橙成年态节间茎段为试材,初步建立了脐橙成年态节间茎段的离体再生和遗传转化系统。结果表明采用改良的预处理灭菌法对成年态茎段进行消毒处理,污染率明显降低。节间茎段在MS＋3mg／L6-BA的培养基上,不定芽再生率较高。采用根癌农杆菌介导法将外源抗真菌病基因chit42导入其中,抗性芽通过二次嫁接后获得再生植株,PCR检测4株抗性植株中有2株扩增出该特异性条带,RT-PCR分析进一步确认外源基因chit42能够在转基因植株的基因组中表达。     

芝麻品种主成分分析和遗传距离测定及其在杂交育种中的应用

对３１个芝麻品种进行了主成分分析及遗传距离测定和聚类分析，结果表明，３１个品种可分为１４类，在类群间（Ｄ＾２≥１２．５０）组配组合是有效的，类群内组配不利于遗传多样性和优良变异材料的选育。地理远缘品种在遗传上不一定远缘，而近缘品种由于选择方向不同可能成为遗传远缘。     

水稻亲本遗传分化程度与籼粳杂种优势的关系

本文利用两套材料,即来自一个籼／粳交（圭６３０／０２４２８）的双单倍体（ＤＨ）系和另一组由多种类型的籼、粳组成的对照组,从分子水平上研究了水稻亲本的遗传分化程度。在此基础上探讨了亲本的遗传分化程度与籼粳杂种优势的关系。两套测交Ｆ１群体的结果一致表明,亲本遗传分化程度对穗数和千粒重的影响相对较小,但是对每穗结实粒数和结实率这两项体现育性的指标影响较大。当亲本遗传分化综合指数ＴＤｊ值为２０￣２５时,育     

籼粳交加倍单倍体后代性状遗传的研究

对一个典型的籼/粳组合、窄叶青8号/京系17的F1花药进行培养,所获二倍体花粉植株除约20%自然结实率为0外,其余植株的结实率在1%至正常结实之间,65%株系在75%以上,并稳定地传至自交后代。对130多个加倍单倍体(DH)多种性状的遗传进行了研究与分析,结果表明,花药培养可以克服籼/粳后代包括育性在内的各种性状长期分离不易     

粳型杂种稻米品质性状的表现及遗传控制

研究了由4个不育系及其保持系与7个恢复系配组的24个粳型杂种的9个品质性状的遗传表现 , 结果表明： (1)杂种粳米的品质性状表现普遍介于双亲之间, 但粒宽和直链淀粉含量有 较多的超高亲组合, 糙米率和精米率有较多的超低亲组合。 (2)杂种的整精米率、 粒长、 粒宽、 垩白率、 糊化温度5个性状与不育系呈显著正相关; 糙米     

东北地区水稻种质资源遗传多样性分析

以能够代表东北地区水稻当前育种动态的区域试验品种(系)为试材,利用SSR标记分析了东北稻区水稻种质资源地区问和品种间的遗传多样性差异以及亲缘关系.结果表明,东北稻区整体的遗传多样性狭窄,明显低于国内其他稻区水平.在103个多态性位点上共检测到303个等位基因,平均每个位点只有2.94个,并且等位基因分布也极不均匀.不同染色体问的遗传多样性分析结果表明,Chr.6、Chr.9、Chr.11三条染色体的多态性位点分布较均匀且多态性信息含量也较多,整体遗传多样性丰富程度高于其他染色体.结果还发现,三个省份中黑龙江地区的品种整体纯合程度最高的,吉林次之,辽宁最低.东北三省水稻遗传多样丰富程度排序是:黑龙江>吉林>辽宁.通过遗传聚类分析显示,吉林与黑龙江的整体亲缘关系较近,相对地与辽宁较远.     

中国88个马铃薯审定品种SSR指纹图谱构建与遗传多样性分析

为对马铃薯品种鉴别、优良杂交组合选配提供分子水平上的依据,利用SSR标记构建了中国2000-2007年审定的88个马铃薯品种的指纹图谱并进行了遗传多样性分析。以138对SSR引物对16份遗传差异较大的马铃薯材料的基因组DNA进行了扩增,筛选出10对多态性高、谱带清晰的引物。利用10对SSR引物对全部供试材料进行扩增及电泳检测,共检测到135个等位位点,其中133个为多态性位点,多态性比率达98.52%。每对SSR引物扩增出的等位位点数7~22个,平均13.5个,多态性信息量变化范围为0.7604~0.9375,平均0.8501。通过对电泳检测结果的统计分析,利用S180、S25、S7、S151、S184及S192等6对引物构建了88份供试材料的SSR指纹图谱。聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.620处,所有供试材料被被聚为一类,在相似系数0.652处,81.8%的材料仍然聚在一起,从分子水平上表明供试材料遗传基础非常狭窄。聚类分析结果与供试材料系谱来源有较好一致性,同一栽培区域育成的品种在不同程度上聚在一类。     

The genetic relationship between popping expansion volume and two yield components in popcorn using unconditional and conditional QTL analysis

Popping expansion volume (PEV) is the most important quality trait in popcorn, while its germplasm is inferior to normal dent/flint corn in yield. In this study, 259 F_2:3 families, developed from the cross between a dent corn inbred Dan232 and a popcorn inbred N04, were evaluated for their PEV, grain weight per plant (GWP) and 100-grain weight (100 GW) in two environments. The genetic relationship between PEV and GWP, and 100 GW on individual gene loci were evaluated using unconditional and conditional QTL mapping methods. In total, five, one and three unconditional QTL were identified for PEV, GWP, and 100 GW, respectively. The positive alleles of all QTL for PEV were from N04, while positive alleles of all QTL for GWP and 100 GW were from Dan232. In conditional mapping, one and two QTL failed to be detected, and all four additional QTL were detected. Nevertheless, three QTL were identified, which controlled PEV independently from GWP/100 GW. They seemed to be potential candidates in popcorn breeding to increase PEV without decreasing GWP/100 GW. The results suggested that for significantly correlated traits, the conditional QTL mapping method could be used to dissect the genetic interrelationship between traits at the level of individual QTL, as well as reveal additional QTL that were undetectable by unconditional mapping.     

首批海岛棉基因组来源的微卫星标记的分离、评价和定位

海岛棉(Gossypium barbadense)是世界上最重要的栽培棉种之一。海岛棉纤维品质优良,是优质棉的重要产源。为了研究海岛棉的遗传多样性,为海岛棉育种提供参考依据,从海岛棉遗传标准系中分离基因组来源的微卫星标记用于海岛棉遗传评价。采用两种方法分离微卫星标记,一是用ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) 引物扩增Pima3-79,克隆测序后从中开发微卫星标记;二是利用简并引物扩增Pima3-79,克隆测序后从中开发微卫星标记。共挑选1 447个克隆,筛选出239个独立克隆。测序后得到214个单一序列,其中包含微卫星并可用于引物设计的序列70个,获得86对引物。86对引物用于扩增56个海岛棉材料和4个陆地棉材料,16对引物没有扩增,43对引物在所有材料中没有多态性;27对引物在海岛棉和陆地棉之间有多态性,19对引物在海岛棉中表现多态性。利用Jaccard相似系数和UPGMA方法进行聚类分析可以明显区分陆地棉和海岛棉,并且将海岛棉分为4类。14对引物在BC₁群体中表现多态性,产生14个位点。9个位点整合到BC₁连锁图的7个染色体上,4个位于A亚基因组,5个位于D亚基因组。海岛棉微卫星标记扩展了棉花微卫星标记,有助于海岛棉遗传多样性的研究,有利于棉花遗传图谱的进一步丰富。     

DNA profiling and genetic diversity of Korean soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> (L.) Merrill) landraces by SSR markers

Approximately 7,000 accessions of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces, largely composed of three collections, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s soybean (KAS), the Korean Crop Experiment Station’s soybean (KLS) and the Korean Agricultural Development and Technology Center’s soybean (KADTC) collections, have been conserved at the Rural Development Administration (RDA) genebank in Korea. The accessions within collections were classified based on their traditional uses such as sauce soybean (SA), sprouted soybean (SP), soybean for cooking with rice (SCR), and OTHERS. A total of 2,758 accessions of Korean soybean landraces were used to profile and to evaluate genetic structure using six SSR loci. A total of 110 alleles were revealed by at the six SSR loci. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 9 to 39 in Satt187 and Satt_074, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 87 in the KADTC collection to 96 in the KLS collection, and from 63 in the SCR group to 95 in the SP group. Nei’s average genetic diversity ranged from 0.68 to 0.70 across three collections, and 0.64 to 0.69 across the usage groups. The average between-group differentiation (G _st) was 0.9 among collections, and 4.1 among the usage groups. The similar average diversity among three collections implies that the genetic background of the three collections was quite similar or that there were a large number of duplicate accessions in three collections. The selection from the four groups classified based upon usage may be a useful way to select accessions for developing a Korean soybean landrace core collection at the RDA genebank. DNA profile information of accessions will provide indications of redundancies or omissions and aid in managing the soybean collection held at the RDA genebank. The information on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding programs and could be used to develop a core collection.