公路草坪养护管理技术初探

为保证草坪绿化质量 ,延长其寿命 ,结合近年来在公路草坪施工与养护管理中积累的实践经验 ,对公路草坪的种类、生长习性 ,以及草坪建植后的浇水、除杂草、修剪、施肥、病虫害防治等养护管理技术进行了探讨与总结 ,以期为各地公路草坪绿化建设提供借鉴与参考。     

现有生物质能转换利用技术综合评价

本文介绍了生物质能转换利用的方法,对现有生物质能转换技术进行了比较,运用层次分析法从技术先进性、经济可行性和环境安全性三个方面对现有生物质能转换利用技术进行了综合评价,提出了生物质能转换利用技术的优先发展顺序和发展方向,为我国生物质能转换利用技术的发展和应用提供参考依据.     

奚家港渔业村渔民收入状况调查分析

从事海洋渔业捕捞的渔民经济收入,随着海洋渔业资源的变化状况而变动,渔业资源的变化导致价格和成本的变化,并最终影响渔民的经济收入。笔者选取具有代表性的上海市崇明县奚家港渔业村为调查对象,通过对该渔业村2002—2011年的渔民收入等相关经济情况进行深入调查,采用文献调查、抽样调查等科学的调查方法,运用相关数据分析模式,对该渔业村有关的渔业经济数据进行科学详细的分析,让人们对上海市从事海洋捕捞业的渔民这一阶层有了充分的认识,特别是对渔民的经济生活有了更进一步的了解。分析该地区渔民收入现状,发现其中的渔业经济问题,采用科学方法提出对应的应对策略和解决措施,对增加渔民收入、渔村的和谐发展、渔业经济的繁荣有一定的推动作用。     

Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility in Petunia hybrida. I. Localization,composition and activity of esterases

Summary Anthers of male fertile, cytosterile and restored male fertile clones of Petunia hybrida were compared for esterase activity and composition in subsequent stages of microsporogenesis. Three methods were applied (i) ultra-thin layer isoelectric focussing on polyacryl amide gels, (ii) quantitative spectrophotometrical assay, (iii) histochemical determination of total esterase activity associated to the azo-coupling method (Pearse, 1972).In male fertile and restorer idiotypes the isozyme patterns were quite similar. Both the number and intensity of bands increased gradually till the tetrad stage. In contrast, esterase activity in cytosterile anthers remained at a low level and hardy any new bands showed up in later stages. This unvariable, low activity level in cytosterile anthers was also found in the spectrophotometric assay. Histochemical determinations revealed that in male fertile anthers esterase activity is concentrated in the outer tapetal layer at late prophase and that it accumulates there till the early microspore stage. In male sterile anthers esterase accumulation in the tapetal cells stops at the moment that tapetal breakdown becomes visible. This suggests that differences in esterase activity and composition are an effect rather than a cause of the failing pollen formation.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区坡体稳定性影响因素分析

选取黄土丘陵沟壑区纸坊沟小流域为研究区,利用高精度遥感影像(分辨率0.068 m)和DEM (分辨率0.34 m)数据,结合野外调查,对崩塌、滑塌、滑坡、脱落和陷穴等失稳体进行识别,通过统计学、敏感系数方法,利用识别失稳体数据,分析不同类型失稳体空间分布状况,定量研究不同类型失稳体的影响因子敏感程度,揭示不同类型失稳体的主控因子,进一步阐明流域坡体失稳体的空间分布规律和影响坡体稳定性的主控因子。结果表明:(1)利用高精度遥感影像,获取流域失稳体,主要是以小规模和浅层的脱落、崩塌和滑塌为主,三者面积合计为0.417 km²,占流域总面积的5.04%。(2)评价因子内部中,土壤母质的红黏土、土地利用的天然灌木林地和草地、地貌部位的沟坡、坡度＞35°、地形起伏度为0.74~3.34 m是坡体失稳发生的高敏感区域,也是崩塌、滑塌、脱落和陷穴发育共有的敏感区域。(3)影响坡体稳定性主控因子权重由大到小为土壤母质、地形起伏度、坡度、土地利用和坡向。崩塌、滑塌和脱落的主控因子与整体坡体稳定性的主控因子相同,但因子内部权重存在差异。崩塌与整体坡体稳定性影响因子顺序分布一致。滑塌主控因子权重由大到小为土壤母质＞地形起伏度＝坡度＞土地利用＞坡向＞地貌部位。脱落主控因子权重由大到小为土壤母质＞土地利用＞地形起伏度＞坡度＝坡向＞地貌部位。滑坡的主控因子为坡度和地形起伏度。陷穴的主控因子权重由大到小为土壤母质＞地形起伏度＞坡度＞坡向。     

Evaluation of the intrinsic competitiveness and saprophytic competence of Rhizobium tropici IIB strains

Inoculation of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with strains of R. tropici IIB and R. etli resulted in the disappearance of the R. tropici IIB stains from the nodule population and their replacement by other (non R. tropici IIB) bean symbionts (Vlassak et al. 1996). Coinoculation studies in monoxenic conditions and in soil core microcosms with plants harvested at two different growth stages indicated that the inoculated R. tropici IIB strains CIAT899 and F98.5 possess a good intrinsic competitiveness which declines, however, at a later plant growth stage and in soil conditions. The poor saprophytic competence of R. tropici IIB strain CIAT899 was further demonstrated by its poor survival in soil core microcosms after bean harvest. Strains were isolated from the field plots with a 3-year bean-planting history, characterized and evaluated for their competitiveness against R. tropici IIB strain CIAT899. Isolates from field plots, which had been repeatedly inoculated with R. tropici IIB strain CIAT899, showed a higher nodule occupancy compared to R. tropici IIB strain CIAT899, and this higher competitiveness exhibited by the field isolates might be an additional reason for the poor performance of R. tropici IIB strain CIAT899 in the field study. Plots with and without a history of bean production revealed after 3-year bean cultivation an almost totally different population that also significantly differed in competitiveness. Received: 12 February 1996     

3个草地早熟禾品种分蘖期的生理特性变化

以草地早熟禾午夜2号、巴润和肯塔基为材料,测定其分蘖期生理指标的变化。结果表明：午夜2号、肯塔基和巴润叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量变化趋势一致,呈单峰曲线,在较高水平上峰值分别为叶绿素含量2.215,2.000和2.013mg/g;可溶性蛋白0.85,0.64和0.77mg/g。当维持一段时间后开始下降;而3个草地早熟品种可溶性糖含量与过氧化氢酶活性随着生长时间的延长而升高;在分蘖过程中,3个草地早熟禾品种平均分蘖数随着生长时间的延长呈单峰曲线,在发芽后第35d午夜2号2.45,巴润和肯塔基1.98分蘖枝/株达到最大值。草地早熟禾分蘖期间,叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量与平均分蘖数呈正相关,而可溶性糖与过氧化氢酶与平均分蘖数相关性不明显。同一生长期内,午夜2号叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、过氧化氢酶含量以及平均分蘖数均大于巴润和肯塔基,肯塔基含量最低。     

虉草的研究进展

从生物生态学特性、饲用价值及影响因素、品种选育、栽培与利用等方面对国内外饲用虉草(Phalaris arundinacea L.)研究进行综述。虉草属生长高大、多叶、高产的多年生冷季型禾本科牧草,具有优良的农艺性状和较高的营养价值,其根系强大,既抗旱又耐湿耐寒;除了种子,还可以根茎或分株进行营养繁殖,乃至茎节也可生根并长出枝条;虉草群落一但建成其竞争力很强,并迅速形成单优势种群落;虉草的高生物碱含量影响其饲用价值,通过育种可降低其生物碱含量,提高消化率;虉草种子在成熟前易脱落,栽培品种最适采种期是开花后16—18 d,野生种群是11—13 d;虉草属是高度自交不育植物,在种子生产中仅有少量自交种子;其育种目标是在改善适口性的同时,提高种子保持能力以及种子和饲草产量;虉草具有持续高产和吸收氮素的能力,因此很适合施有机肥或氮肥;虉草可用于放牧、青贮和调制干草,年刈割3~4次,干物质生产效率最高,放牧时,要保持草层高度不超过30 cm,适宜留茬高度为7~10 cm。最后,对我国在虉草研究中亟待解决的问题进行了讨论。     

Identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 in yaks (Bos poephagus grunniens) in the Himalayan region

Since cattle are widely infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in India, we searched for pestivirus infection in yaks. Of 71 pure and crossbred yaks from Himalayan region, pestivirus antigen was detected by Ag-ELISA in three animals. Pestivirus in leukocyte and cell culture isolated virus samples originating from positive yaks was also confirmed by RT-PCR using panpestivirus specific primers selected from 5'-untranslated region (5' UTR). The 5' UTR, N(pro) and E2 regions were sequenced and used for genetic typing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that pestiviruses detected in three Himalayan yaks were similar genetically, belonging to BVDV-1. Antigenic characterisation of yak pestivirus also confirmed the typing as BVDV-1. This is the first report on the identification of BVDV type 1 in yaks.     

基于ASP的期刊分类发送系统的设计与实现

介绍了数字化期刊分类发送系统的功能与结构,该系统实现了通过电子邮件按订阅读者的学科专业兴趣,有选择地发送期刊文章。可供科技期刊编辑部向读者有针对性地自动发送带论文附件的邮件。