甘糖6号亲本繁育及杂交制种技术

甘糖6号是综合经济性状优良的甜菜多粒雄性不育杂交品种,实践表明,甘糖6号的良种繁育,要掌握3个重点环节,即不育系及其保持系的不断选择和高效繁殖,父本的综合农艺性状的再提高及杂交制种技术及措施的落实,在良种繁育的过程中,要抓好各个关键环节,以保证种子繁育质量。     

花生新品种邢花6号的选育

邢花6号是用P13做母本,花育16号做父本,采用有性杂交选育而成的花生新品种。具有高产优质、中早熟、适应性广、抗逆性强和果柄坚韧适合机械化作业等特点。     

C57BL/6和A/J两品系小鼠脾脏消减cDNA文库的构建及差异基因分析

【目的】检测健康C57BL/6和A/J小鼠常规免疫指标,构建脾脏消减cDNA文库并筛选差异表达基因,以探讨两品系小鼠对猪链球菌抗病性差异的分子机制。【方法】利用ELISA法检测血清常规免疫指标,抑制性消减杂交（suppression subtraction hybridization,SSH）技术构建8周龄小鼠脾脏差异表达基因的cDNA文库。【结果】试验结果表明,A/J品系小鼠血清中IgA水平明显高于C57BL/6品系小鼠（P＜0.05）,而血清IgG和IFN水平在两品系小鼠间均无显著差异。对筛选的149个阳性克隆进行测序,去除冗余的cDNA序列载体并聚类拼接后获得56条差异表达序列标签（ESTs）。利用Genebank的BLAST分析核酸和蛋白质同源性比较,26个不同的基因或ESTs具有高度的同源性,2条ESTs未找到同源序列。【结论】筛选到很多EST与信号转导、细胞凋亡及免疫等重要功能基因高度同源,为研究猪链球菌的致病机理和防治提供了实验依据。     

飞蝗葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸-N-乙酰转移酶的特性及生物学功能

【目的】研究飞蝗葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸-N-乙酰转移酶（glucosamine-6-phosphate-N-acetyltransferase,GNA）的特性及生物学功能,为探讨飞蝗表皮几丁质的合成机制及研发新型绿色环保杀虫剂提供实验依据。【方法】采用生物信息学方法,在飞蝗EST数据库中搜索GNA的cDNA序列,并与其它物种GNA序列进行同源比较;设计飞蝗GNA特异性表达引物,分析5龄第2天不同组织样品间的表达差异及5龄第1 天至第7 天表皮中GNA表达量的变化;构建pET-28a（+）蛋白表达载体,在大肠杆菌E. coli BL21（DE3）菌株中表达GNA重组蛋白,Ni柱亲和纯化重组蛋白并分析重组蛋白的酶学活性;通过RNA干扰研究GNA的生物学功能。【结果】飞蝗GNA与其它物种GNA的氨基酸序列一致性很高,结合底物GlcN6P的氨基酸残基完全一致,说明不同物种间GNA非常保守;飞蝗GNA组织特异性分析显示其在表皮、脂肪体及肌肉中表达量较高;飞蝗5龄表皮的发育变化表明,GNA在刚蜕皮后的表达量最高,之后逐步降低;飞蝗GNA重组蛋白在大肠杆菌E. coli BL21（DE3）菌株中成功表达,经过Ni-NTA柱纯化得到单一目的条带,酶学特性研究表明飞蝗GNA重组蛋白的最适反应温度为37-50℃,最适pH为8.0-9.5;测定了飞蝗重组GNA的Km值,当D-GlcN6P的浓度为200 μmol•L-1时,Acetyl-CoA的Km=133.60 μmol•L-1;当Acetyl-CoA的浓度为200 μmol•L-1时,D-GlcN6P的Km=42.43 μmol•L-1;飞蝗GNA的RNA干扰结果显示,GNA的表达能够被有效沉默,但蜕皮及发育未受影响。【结论】飞蝗GNA与其它物种的GNA氨基酸序列一致性很高;用该序列原核表达的重组蛋白具有葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸-N-乙酰转移酶的活性;飞蝗GNA被干扰后未观察到对飞蝗蜕皮及发育产生影响,推测存在N-乙酰葡萄糖胺激酶（GlcNAc kinase）补救途径催化产生GNA的底物N-乙酰葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸（GlcNAc6P）,用于几丁质的合成。     

GA3、6-BA、Mn2+对楸树种子发芽的影响

为了探寻适宜楸树种子萌发的条件,提高楸树种子发芽率,以楸树种子为试验材料,研究不同的温度、浸种时间以及GA3、6-BA、Mn2+浓度等因素处理对楸树种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：温度对楸树种子发芽影响显著,以28℃处理为好;浸种时间对种子发芽率无显著影响,但可加快发芽;一定浓度的GA3处理可有效提高楸树种子的发芽速度及发芽率,可在一定程度上使茎节间拉长,以100 mg/L较为适宜;6-BA处理后,种子的发芽率明显提高,但随着浓度增加,幼苗的茎变短变粗,过高浓度的6-BA抑制了幼苗根的发育,以20 mg/L处理较为适宜。0.01%浓度的Mn2+溶液处理后,发芽时间缩短,但随着浓度增加,Mn2+对根的毒害作用也呈现出来。楸树种子小、种皮薄,无需浸种但萌发需要保持一定的湿度、温度,可采用低浓度的GA3、6-BA、Mn2+促进种子发芽。     

Metabolism of imidacloprid and DDT by P450 CYP6G1 expressed in cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum suggests detoxification of these insecticides in Cyp6g1-overexpressing strains of Drosophila melanogaster, leading to resistance

BACKGROUND: With the worldwide use of insecticides, an increasing number of pest insect species have evolved target-site or metabolism-based resistance towards some of these compounds. The resulting decreased efficacy of pesticides threatens human welfare by its impact on crop safety and further disease transmission. Environmental concentrations of some insecticides are so high that even natural populations of non-target, non-pest organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meig. have been selected for resistance. Cyp6g1-overexpressing strains of D. melanogaster are resistant to a wide range of chemically diverse insecticides, including DDT and imidacloprid. However, up to now there has been no evidence that the CYP6G1 enzyme metabolises any of these compounds. RESULTS: Here it is shown, by heterologous expression in cell suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco), that CYP6G1 is capable of converting DDT (20 microg per cell culture assay) by dechlorination to DDD (18% of applied amount in 48 h), and imidacloprid (400 microg) mainly by hydroxylation to 4-hydroxyimidacloprid and 5-hydroxyimidacloprid (58 and 19% respectively in 48 h). CONCLUSION: Thus, the gap between the supposed resistance gene Cyp6g1 and the observed resistance phenomenon was closed by the evidence that CYP6G1 is capable of metabolising at least two insecticides.     

Growth performance of Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,fed diets containing levels of pyridoxine and haematological response under heat stress

In order to assess the effect of dietary pyridoxine supplementation on the growth performance of Nile tilapia and the haematological response under heat stress, 192 fingerlings (8.41 ± 0.22 g) were randomly distributed into eight tanks and fed practical diets supplemented with increasing levels of pyridoxine (0.0; 5.0; 10.0 and 20.0 mg of pyridoxal HCl kg^?1 diet) for 91 days. The fish were then weighed and the diet was quantified to determine the growth performance [weight gain (WG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency rate, protein retention (PR) and survival percentage]. Haematological analyses (red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, total leucocyte and differentiation, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio) were carried out and then 32 fish were transferred and subjected to heat stress (32 °C) for 3 days, after which the haematological parameters were analysed. The fish fed the unsupplemented diet showed the lowest WG and PR. For the normal growth and health of the Nile tilapia, the Pyridoxine requirement in a practical diet is 10.0 mg of pyridoxine HCl kg^?1.     

钾和6-BA对苹果果实品质的影响

2002—2004年,以运城临猗、临汾霍州和晋中太谷(山西省农业科学院果树研究所)3个试验点的长富2号苹果为试材,运用不同浓度的K2SO4和6-BA,采用喷施和根施相结合的方法,研究了钾和6-BA对苹果单果质量、果个大小、果形指数等果实品质方面的影响。结果表明,喷施1.0%K2SO4+150 mg/L 6-BA+0.1%展着剂,结合根系增施K2SO4 1.25 kg/株效果最佳,可显著提高苹果果实品质。     

太空诱变复合菌发酵苹果渣玉米秸秆混合料生产饲料蛋白的研究

利用太空诱变获得的优良菌种黑曲霉ZM-8及啤酒酵母YB-6和白地霉、热带假丝酵母配制成的复合菌,固态发酵苹果渣玉米秸秆混合料.结果表明,苹果渣玉米秸秆混合料各成分最适宜的配比为:苹果渣70％,玉米秸秆10％,麸皮15％,辅料5％.通过正交试验确定的最适辅料配方为:尿素2 g,硫铵2 g,食盐1g.复合菌的最佳配方为:黑...     

高产稳产多抗棉花新品种周棉6号的选育与应用

周棉6号是周口市农业科学院以(泗331×周R-3)F<,1>代材料为母本,以(鲁742×9708)F<,3>代选系材料为父本,进行复合杂交,并对复合杂交分离群体进行多年连续选育而成的棉花新品种.2009年通过河南省农作物品种审定委员会审定.该品种在2006、2007年河南省棉花区域试验中,皮棉、霜前皮棉平均产量分别为1...