基于高分六号卫星的植被生态景观监测分析

随着国产高分卫星对地观测系统的建立和完善,精细化生态遥感监测分析需求已提上议事日程。笔者以新疆维吾尔自治区巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和静县为例,利用GIS和遥感技术对高分6号卫星数据进行归一化植被指数(NDVI)反演,生成植被指数覆盖度等级,结合土地利用类型,对研究区植被生态景观现状进行分析评价;并且用DEM数据提取高程、坡度2个主要的地形因子对NDVI值的空间分布进行了相关分析。结果显示：（1）和静县植被覆盖度等级分布都具有明显的空间异质性,总体而言,以中度和较低覆盖植被为主;（2）和静县植被指数在低海拔与高海拔地区较低,在中海拔地区(2500~3200 m)植被指数达到最大,最大值为0.48;（3）坡度对植被影响较大。在10°左右,植被长势较好,植被指数达到最大。     

Modeling the effects of microfluidization conditions on properties of corn bran

Corn bran was microfluidized through a 200-μm channel in the pressure range of 124.1–158.7 MPa for 1–5 passes following the central composite experimental design. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant properties of microfluidized bran samples were measured and fitted to the second order polynomial model. The response surface equations obtained showed that all the properties examined had a positive linear relationship with pressure and a negative quadratic relationship with number of passes except for ABTS radical scavenging activity which was quadratically related to both processing parameters. The number of passes generally had a more pronounced effect on the examined properties compared with pressure. Within the experimental range, the maximum values of swelling capacity, water-holding capacity, and oil-holding capacity were respectively 10.62 ml/g d.w. (at 158.7 MPa), 5.49 g water/g d.w. (at 158.7 MPa), and 4.61 g oil/g d.w. (at 124.1 MPa); the maximum values of surface reactive phenolic content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 148.80 mg/FAE g d.w. (at 158.7 MPa), 50.02 μmol TE/g d.w. (at 158.7 MPa), and 47.90 μmol TE/g d.w. (at 145.9 MPa), respectively. All maximum values of the properties occurred at 5 passes.     

复合菌系CN6生长特性及在沼气发酵中的应用

为有效提高纤维素类原料厌氧发酵水解效率,根据不同菌株利用底物差异和产酶互补性,人工构建产纤维素酶复合菌系CN6.通过检测滤纸酶活和纤维素降解率,确定了复合菌系CN6的最适培养温度为30～37℃,最佳培养初始pH值为7.0,菌系CN6遗传性能稳定.复合菌系CN6应用于以牛粪为原料的室内沼气厌氧发酵,发酵0～15d时,挥发性脂肪酸质量浓度比对照提高26.5％～ 30.6％,发酵结束时,纤维素降解率比对照提高6.8％,沼气总产量比对照提高18.4％.     

The evolution of glucose‐6P‐dehydrogenase and 6P‐gluconate‐dehydrogenase activities and the ortho‐diphenolic content of sunflower leaves cultivated under different boron treatments.

Both enzymatic activities increased under B‐deficient and B‐toxic treatments. The ortho‐diphenolic content did not change with B levels.

Our results suggest that the primary B action on the OPP pathway is at the first enzyme (glucose‐6P‐dehydrogenase) level and that the B effect on 6P‐gluconate‐dehydrogenase is secondary to this. The B action on the enzymatic activities seems not to be caused by any direct interaction with substrates, as B infiltration of B‐deficient culture “in vivo”; seems to result in long term effects on cell structures and/or processes not easily r

In this paper the glucose‐6P‐dehydrogenase and 6P‐gluconate ‐ dehydrogenase activities and ortho‐diphenolic content of hydroponically‐cultivated sunflower‐leaves with moderately deficient, normal and toxic B levels were measured. The change in these parameters during time was considered, together with the restoration of enzymatic activities by means of borate infiltration of deficient and normal leaves. The micronutrient content of the leaves was alsversible by B infiltration of leaves. The positive correlation found between the 6P‐gluconate‐dehydrogenase activity and the Zn content in leaves might be interpretable as and indirect B effect on that activity through modification of Zn content.     

Stimulation of Regrowth in Barley by Application of Cytokinin

Abstract

The ability of cytokinin to stimulate regrowth in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Alexis) after cutting was investigated under glasshouse conditions. Application of 6-Benzyl-aminopurine (BA) to the irrigation water, from heading to termination of the trial, four weeks after grain ripening, significantly increased both tiller number and biomass after cutting at grain maturity. Cutting at earlier growth stages had no significant effect on these characteristics.     

Comparative studies of the changes in enzymatic activities in hardy and less hardy cultivars of winter wheat in late fall and in winter under snow

Abstract

The synthetic activity of protein and changes in the activity profiles of enzymes during cold acclimation were studied in leaves, stems, and crowns of a hardy winter wheat cultivar ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Horoshirikomugi) and a less hardy winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61). The results showed that one of the genetic differences between the two cuitivars is found in the activities of protein synthesis under low temperatures. The profiles of the changes in enzymatic activities showed that the adjustment of enzymatic activities was a tissue-specific event to accommodate environmental changes. The synthesis of the enzymes involved in a peroxide scavenging system such as hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, dehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, and so on started at the acclimation stage, while the phosphoglucose isomerase, which appears to be a maintenance-type enzyme in the wintering wheat, showed a small increase in the activity at later stages of acclimation period in their stems of both cuitivars. When the field was covered with snow, the catalase activity in the leaves started to decrease abruptly, while catalase activities in the stems and crowns did not exhibit appreciable changes during the life under snow. The life-cycle dependent changes in enzymatic activities appear to occur in late March or early April under snow.     

PAK6 signaling attenuates migratory and invasive abilities of non-small cell lung cancer cells

AIM：To investigate the roles of p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) and its target miRNA on the migratory and invasive abilities of non-small cell lung cancer cells. METHODS：miRNA candidates targeting PAK6 were predicted by a target prediction program. The expression of PAK6 was measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting after A549 cells were transfected with miR-23a mimics or inhibitory oligonucleotides. Luciferase reporter assay was used to determine whether PAK6 was the direct target of miR-23a. The abilities of cell migration and invasion were detected by Matrigel invasion assay and Transwell migration assay. The expression of PAK6 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) was analyzed by Western blotting after A549 cells were transfected with siPAK6 or miR-23a mimics. RESULTS：miR-23a was identified by a target prediction program. Exogenetic over-expression of miR-23a resulted in a remarkable decrease in PAK6 expression (69%), whereas miR-23a inhibitory oligonucleotides induced pronounced increase in PAK6 expression (52%). The luciferase activity was significantly inhibited by 52% in wild-type PAK6 group, while there was no significant difference in the mutation group. The mRNA level of PAK6 had no change as detected by real-time PCR. Matrigel invasion assay and Transwell migration assay demonstrated there exogenetic over-expression of miR-23a markedly reduced the migration and invasion of PC-3 cells (73% and 59%, respectively). The MMP-9 expression remarkably decreased by 85％ and 76％ in the A549 cells transfected with siPAK6 and miR-23a mimics, respectively. CONCLUSION：miR-23a inhibits the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells by repressing PAK6-MMP-9 signaling pathway.     

Influence of 8-week swimming on peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats

AIM: To explore the influence of long-term swimming on peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet, and injected with streptozocin to establish a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: blank control group (C group), exercise control group (CE group), diabetes mellitus group (DM group) and diabetes mellitus+exercise group (DME group). The rats in CE group and DME group received 8-week swimming training (6 d/week). The training time was 20, 30 and 45 min in the first 3 d,respectively, and then it increased to 60 min a day. Eight weeks later, the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in sciatic nerve tissues of the rats were measured. The morphological changes of the sciatic nerve were also observed under light microscope. RESULTS: Compared with DM group, 8-week swimming obviously accelerated the MNCV (P<0.05), decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in DME group (but no significant difference, P>0.05). The obvious nerve injury in DM group was observed. However, the pathological change of the sciatic nerve in DME group was relieved. CONCLUSION: Eight-week swimming training significantly accelerates the MNCV, attenuates the nerve injury in diabetic rats and has protective effect on peripheral nerve, which may be correlated with relieving the inflammatory reaction.     

Role of Api6 in lung inflammation induced by high fat/cholesterol food in C57BL/6J mice

AIM：To investigate the function of apoptosis inhibitor 6 (Api6) in lung inflammation induced by high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFD/HCD) in male C57BL/6J mice. METHODS：Male C57BL/6J mice (6~8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 2 groups and treated with regular diet and HFD/HCD, respectively. After 16 weeks of feeding, the lung tissues were collected and the pulmonary inflammatory status was determined by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Api6 were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The apoptotic rate of bronchioalveolar lavage cells was examined by flow cytometry. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro and the apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS：Accumulation of macrophages and increases in both tumor necrosis factor α and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were observed in the lung tissues of 16-week HFD/HCD-fed C57BL/6J mice. Compared with the regular diet-fed mice, the expression of Api6 at mRNA and protein levels in the lung tissues was highly increased in the HFD/HCD-fed mice (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the apoptotic rate of bronchioalveolar lavage macrophages from the HFD/HCD-fed mice was highly inhibited (P<0.01). In vitro, 500 μg/L recombinant Api6 significantly inhibited the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells induced by oxLDL (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：HFD/HCD feeding results in the accumulation of macrophages in the lung of C57BL/6J mice, which may partly due to the increased expression of Api6 and its anti-apoptotic role in macrophages.