客车车身CAN总线网络通讯协议的制定与实现

控制局域网CAN（Controller Area Network）是20世纪80年代初德国Bosch公司为解决众多的控制设备和测试仪器之间的数据交换而开发的一种串行数据通讯协议。本文介绍了一种客车车身CAN总线网络控制系统,通过研究CAN2.0B规范。制定了符合该系统的通讯协议,并阐述了通讯软件的设计方案。     

同种农机机群动态作业任务分配方法

为解决农机作业过程中因突发状况引起的作业时间增加、某些作业任务无法完成等问题,该研究提出一种基于改进合同网算法的同种农机机群动态作业任务分配方法。基于农机性能参数和任务参数综合考虑用时最长农机的作业时间、农机机群油耗和路上的路程建立机群代价函数,建立单个田块和地头相邻田块的路径规划方法,参考合同网算法中的招-投标过程,建立农机对任务进行投标的代价函数,基于降低服务器计算量、减少通信次数、任务均衡分配和减小非作业路程等原则,通过选择招标者、设定招标阈值、中标者任务再分配和农机间任务交换等方式改进合同网算法。在不同时间进行基于传统合同网算法和改进合同网算法的农机机群动态作业任务分配仿真试验和农场实际播种作业试验。仿真结果表明,基于改进合同网算法的动态任务分配仿真结果比基于传统合同网算法的动态任务分配仿真结果机群时间代价降低0.83%～12.89%,与服务器通信次数降低77.4%～85%。农场实际试验结果表明：在不同的任务分配时间,基于改进合同网算法的动态任务分配的机群时间代价比实际理论机群时间代价降低30.20%～34.09%。本文提出的动态作业任务分配法能够满足农业生产中同种农机机群动态作业任务分配需求。     

Rapid brain MRI protocols result in comparable differential diagnoses versus a full brain protocol in most canine and feline cases

Evaluation of brain disease in veterinary patients uses a wide variety of MRI sequences. A shortened protocol that maintains consistency of interpretation would reduce radiologist reporting time, patient anesthetic time, and client cost. The aims of this retrospective, methods comparison, observer agreement study were to evaluate whether abbreviated MRI protocols alter differential diagnoses and recommendations compared to our institution's standard protocol; evaluate interobserver agreement on standard brain MRIs; and assess whether differential diagnoses change after postcontrast images. Normal and pathologic canine and feline brain MRIs were retrieved from hospital archives. Three protocols were created from each: a 5-sequence noncontrast enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 1 (FBP1); a 6-sequence contrast-enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 2 (FBP2); and an 11-sequence standard brain protocol (SBP). Three blinded veterinary radiologists interpreted FBP images for 98 cases (1 reader/case) and SBP images for 20 cases (3 readers/case). A fourth observer compared these interpretations to the original MRI reports (OMR). Overall agreement between FBPs and OMR was good (k = 0.75) and comparable to interobserver agreement for multiple reviews of SBP cases. Postcontrast images substantially altered conclusions in 17/97 cases (17.5%), as well as improved interobserver agreement compared to noncontrast studies. The conclusions reached with shortened brain protocols were comparable to those of a full brain study. The findings supported the use of a 6-sequence brain MRI protocol (sagittal T2-weighted [T2w] TSE; transverse T2w turbo spin echo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2*-weighted gradient recalled echo, T1-weighted spin echo, and diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient; and postcontrast transverse T1-weighted spin echo) for dogs and cats with suspected intracranial disease.     

Preventive effects of CIDR-based protocols on premature ovulation before timed-AI in Ovsynch in cycling beef cows

Ovsynch is a program developed to synchronize ovulation for timed breeding. In this paper, the authors investigate whether controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based protocols prevent premature ovulation before timed-artificial insemination (AI) when Ovsynch is started a few days before luteolysis in cycling beef cows. Nine beef cows at 16 days after oestrus were treated with (1) Ovsynch, i.e. gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue on day 0, prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) analogue on day 7 and GnRH analogue on day 9 with timed-AI on day 10, (n=3); (2) Ovsynch+CIDR (Ovsynch protocol plus a CIDR for 7 days from day 0, n=3), or (3) oestradiol benzoate (OB)+CIDR+GnRH (OB on day 0 in lieu of the first GnRH treatment, followed by the Ovsynch+CIDR protocol, n=3). In the Ovsynch group (1) plasma progesterone concentrations fell below 0.5 ng/mL earlier (day 5) than in both CIDR-treated groups (2) and (3), where this occurred on day 8. Plasma oestradiol-17beta concentrations peaked on day 8 in the Ovsynch group and on day 9 in both CIDR-treated groups. The dominant follicle ovulated on day 10 in the Ovsynch group and on day 11 in both CIDR-treated groups. Thus, both CIDR-based protocols prevented premature ovulation before timed-AI in Ovsynch when the protocol was started a few days before luteolysis. This reflects the fact that progesterone levels remained high until the beef cattle were treated with PGF(2alpha).     

Profibus DP现场总线及其在火电厂的应用

现场总线作为过程控制领域的新技术,应用日益成熟和广泛。文章在论述Profibus DP总线通信协议和网络构成的基础上,分析了现场总线控制系统在火电厂应用的潜在问题和可行性,列举了Profibus DP应用实例。最后探讨了Profibus DP在国内首次应用的范围和深度。     

动态车辆路径问题研究综述

指出了动态车辆路径问题是运筹学和组合优化领域的前沿研究方向,研究动态车辆路径问题具有重要的理论和现实意义。阐述了动态车辆问题（DVRP）,根据动态信息的特征将动态车辆路径问题分为随机车辆路径问题（SVRP）和模糊车辆路径问题（FVRP）。从动态车辆路径问题的建模、算法和仿真优化三个方面分析了其研究成果,对现有研究的不足进行了探讨,提出了动态车辆路径问题的进一步研究方向。     

江苏淮北地区日光温室油桃生产技术规程

规定了日光温室油桃生产的园地选择与规划、日光温室搭建、品种与砧木选择、栽植、土肥水管理、整形修剪、棚膜和地膜覆盖、花果管理、温室内环境的调控、病虫害防治和果实采收。本规程适用于江苏淮北地区日光温室油桃的生产。     

基于多信道路由控制的精量播种机优化设计

为了提高花生播种机播种的质量及作业效率,在花生引播机的路径和排种器的控制系统中,引入了多信道独立通信原理,降低了播种过程的漏种率;利用模糊神经网络控制原理,结合模糊域对花生播种机的结构进行了非线性优化设计。为了验证设计的花生精量播种机结构和控制系统的可靠性,对花生播种机进行了田间试验,结果表明:多信道路由花生播种机的合格率要明显高于传统的播种机,重播率要明显低于传统的播种机,破碎率和空穴率都比较低。这说明播种机的路径选择和排种器的控制都达到了最优,为花生播种机的研究和设计提供了理论依据。     

Evaluation of three hormonal protocols for anovulatory lactating cows under regulations restricting the use of estrogenic compounds

When European Union regulations restricted the use of estrogenic compounds in food‐producing animals, refined hormonal protocols were no longer applicable for anovulatory cows. However, Ovsynch and its adaptations are routinely and uniformly applied to all cows regardless of ovarian function. To evaluate their efficacy on anovulatory cows, 143, 147 and 144 anovulatory cows received Ovsynch, Presynch and G6G protocols, respectively. In comparison, 150 cyclic cows were bred without using a synchronized protocol. Results showed that cows in the Presynch group had luteolysis responding to the last prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) injection greater than the Ovsynch group. The serous progesterone levels at the first gonadotropin‐releasing hormone of Ovsych and the last PGF_2α injection was greater in the G6G group than the other two hormonal treatment groups. Concentrations of Ca²⁺ and total protein in cervical mucus in all three hormone‐treated groups before artificial insemination (AI) were significantly different from the controls. The G6G group obtained a greater pregnancy rate compared with Ovsynch and Presynch, but significantly less than the controls. For open cows in the Ovsynch group, estrus rate within 24 days after the first AI was significantly less than the controls. In conclusion, the G6G treatment resulted to better reproductive performance in anovulatory cows.     

水库调洪演算图解法在施工导流中的应用

混凝土或浆砌石坝施工中,底孔导流被广泛采用。底孔导流施工中的二期围堰高程的确定需要考虑水库调蓄作用,进行调洪演算。