3种牧草不同搭配方式对胜红蓟的替代控制

研究3种牧草不同搭配方式对胜红蓟的替代控制效果,为入侵杂草胜红蓟的防控提供植物种和替代控制方法.在田间条件下,通过将白三叶、杂交甜高粱、杂交狼尾草3种牧草两两等比例搭配后与胜红蓟按2∶1混种,建立3种不同的替代控制方式,动态监测各群落(种群)植物、土壤微生物指标,评价3种牧草两两等比例搭配对胜红蓟的替代控制效果.结果表明:白三叶、杂交甜高梁等比例搭配对胜红蓟进行替代控制时,2种牧草株高严重受阻,牧草相对盖度占优,Simpson指数和Shannon-wiener指数均变大,胜红蓟重要值变小,土壤真菌增多,细菌、放线菌减少;白三叶、杂交狼尾草等比例搭配对胜红蓟进行替代控制时,2种牧草株高不受阻,牧草相对盖度占优,Simpson指数变大,Shannon-wiener指数变小,胜红蓟重要值变小,土壤真菌增多,细菌、放线菌减少;杂交狼尾草和杂交甜高粱等比例搭配对胜红蓟进行替代控制时,杂交狼尾草株高不受阻,但杂交甜高梁株高严重受阻,牧草相对盖度占优,Simpson指数变小,Shannon-wiener指数变大,胜红蓟重要值变小,土壤细菌增多,真菌、放线菌减少.总体来看,白三叶和杂交狼尾草可以等比例搭配作为胜红蓟替代控制材料,且替代控制效果较好;白三叶和杂交甜高粱、杂交甜高粱和杂交狼尾草不宜等比例搭配作为胜红蓟的替代控制材料.     

湿加松扦插繁殖配套技术

文章从扦插繁殖基地建设和技术环节两方面来阐述湿加松扦插繁殖配套技术。在基地建设方面,提出分区建设思路,将基地区分为生产区和配套设施两大部分,其中生产区包括采穗圃、扦插圃、炼苗圃,配套设施包括7个部分,并就基地总体布局、各区建设要点和使用设施等作了详细说明。以年产100万株扦插苗的规模为例,对基地的建设投资进行了概算。在技术方面,重点介绍了采穗母株培育技术、采穗圃营建技术、扦插繁殖技术和出圃苗木的管理技术。并对营建湿加松扦插繁殖基地的投资收益与风险作了分析。对新建湿加松扦插繁殖苗圃具有指导意义。     

橄榄优良品系扩大试验

在高州市大坡镇、古丁镇以及茂名市八一林场三个试点开展橄榄优良品系嫁接扩大试验,嫁接后第3,4年的结实及生长结果如下：（1）无性系间单株产果量、单位树冠投影面积产果量均达极显著差异水平,树高、径粗和冠幅在有的试点达极显著差异、有的试点无显著差异,表明无性系间结实存在着遗传差异,通过无性系测定选择的高产无性系有效。（2）对单株产果量、单位树冠投影面积产果量的多重比较结果,3个试点一致表现为G18无性系的两项结实指标值均显著高于其他参试无性系,进一步证明G18是一个真正优秀的高产无性系,对立地变化有很强的适应性。大树换接的平均单株产果量达15．04kg,一年生砧木嫁接达2．30～9．10kg。（3）橄榄无性系结实的广义遗传力很高,达0．961～0．969;当选择率为0．1时,结实遗传增益达16．36％～68．25％,入选率为0．11～0．14时,结实现实增益达59．36％～108．74％。（4）G18无性系结实的主效（Gi）在各试点均明显高于其他参试无性系,达0．4250～0．7176,其无性系与年份互作效应（δ^2cw）小,互作效应方差的变异系数（iCVCW）为0～5．89％,表明G18无性系的丰产性极佳且稳产性好,对年份间的气候条件变化有较强的适应性。     

Effects of Nrf2 overexpression on proliferation,activation and collagen type I synthesis in cultured hepatic stellate cells stimulated by ethanol

AIM：To investigate the effects of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) overexpression on the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, collagen type I (Col I) synthesis and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in cultured hepatic stellate cell line HSC-T6 stimulated by ethanol. METHODS：Cultured HSC-T6 cells were transfected with pEGFP-Nrf2 or pEGFP-N1 (empty vector) plasmid by liposome transient transfection. The cells were divided into control group, ethanol group, ethanol+pEGFP-Nrf2 group and ethanol+pEGFP-N1 group. The mRNA expression of Nrf2, α-SMA and Col I was determined by RT-PCR, and their protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay, and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS：The pEGFP-Nrf2 plasmid was successfully transfected into HSC-T6 cells, and the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 was higher than other three groups 48 h after transfection (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the cell proliferation and the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA and Col I in ethanol group and ethanol+pEGFP-N1 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the numbers of HSC-T6 cells were decreased in G1 phase and increased in S phase (P<0.05), without significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the cells in ethanol+pEGFP-Nrf2 group showed significantly decreased proliferation level, down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA and Col I, higher numbers in G1 phase and lower numbers in S phase compared with ethanol group and ethanol+pEGFP-N1 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Nrf2 overexpression could significantly down-regulate the expression of α-SMA and Col I and cause G1/S phase arrest in HSC-T6 cells cultured with ethanol, thus inhibiting the proliferation and activation of the cells.     

灵芝胞外多糖高产菌株筛选及其深层发酵培养基的优化

运用反馈抑制理论构建了耐灵芝胞外多糖 (EPS)反馈抑制的筛选模型。添加在筛选培养基中的其指示因子同源胞外多糖浓度为 2 .34g/L。将实验室保藏的 37株灵芝菌株输入该模型 ,即可检出耐灵芝胞外多糖反馈抑制作用最强、产胞外多糖能力最强的菌株GL0 2 9。然后在基础培养基的基础上用正交试验方法优化GL0 2 9深层发酵培养基。结果表明 ,组合碳源和组合氮源培养基最适合该菌株深层发酵生产灵芝胞外多糖。深层发酵培养基配方为 :蔗糖 10 g/L ,玉米粉15 g/L ,蛋白胨 2 g/L ,酵母膏 1g/L ,KCl 0 .5g/L ,KH2 PO4 ·7H2 O 0 .5 g/L ,pH自然。于 30℃、12 0r/min摇瓶培养 9d ,该菌株的胞外多糖产量高达 3.0 7g/L。     

苹果6–磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因Md6PGDH1的克隆和功能分析

以‘嘎拉’苹果为材料,克隆了6–磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因Md6PGDH1(序列号:MDP0000279299)全长。序列分析显示,该基因包含一个长为1 047 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码347个氨基酸,分子量为36.430 k D,预测等电点为9.24。同源性分析表明Md6PGDH1还有另外3个同源基因;功能域分析表明Md6PGDH蛋白含有两个保守的绑定域;亚细胞预测表明Md6PGDH定位存在差异。分析Md6PGDH1启动子发现存在多个响应非生物胁迫的顺式作用元件。定量分析显示,Md6PGDH1在苹果的不同组织中都有表达,且受非生物胁迫诱导。原核诱导Md6PGDH1蛋白并进行蛋白酶活的测定,为后续蛋白功能鉴定奠定了基础。Md6PGDH1在苹果愈伤组织中过量表达,提高其抗盐胁迫的能力。     

Effect of miRNA-33 on ABCA1/ABCG1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells after Hcy treatment

AIM:To study whether homocysteine (Hcy) inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) by microRNA-33 (miRNA-33) signaling, and reduces the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).METHODS:RAW264.7 macrophages were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish foam cell model. Oil red O staining was used to determine whether the model was established successfully. miRNA-33 mimics and miRNA-33 inhibitor were transfected into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000, and the cells were exposed to Hcy at concentration of 5 mmol/L for 24 h. The intracellular lipid droplets were observed by Oil red O staining. The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The cellular cholesterol content was analyzed by HPLC, and effluent rate of cholesterol was detected by the method of liquid scintillation counting.RESULTS:Compared with blank control group, the lipid content in miRNA-33 mimics group was increased, and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was decreased (P<0.05). The intracellular cholesterol content was increased gradually (P<0.05), and the cellular cholesterol efflux rate was gradually decreased (P<0.05) in miRNA-33 mimics group. Compared with blank control group, the testing results in miRNA-33 inhibitor group were the opposition of those in miRNA-33 mimics group (P<0.05). No diffe-rence of the above indexes among blank control group, miRNA-33 mimics-NC group and miRNA-33 inhibitor-NC group was observed.CONCLUSION:Hcy inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 through miRNA-33 signaling, and reduces the efficiency of RCT in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells.     

蚯蚓纤溶酶基因番茄表达载体的构建

为研究蚯蚓纤溶酶的番茄表达,构建EFE基因的番茄表达载体pF和pEF,并导入农杆菌。采用PCR法在EFE基因DNA序列上添加了表达调控元件和酶切位点后,得到新EFE基因片段,将该片段与切去GUS基因的pBI121载体相连,以构建CaMV35S驱动的EFE组成型表达载体pF;用PCR克隆得到的E8启动子片段替换pF上的35S启动子,以构建番茄成熟果实特异性表达载体pEF;最后,采用三亲交配法用重组质粒转化根癌农杆菌EHA105;结果表明:经过酶切、PCR和测序鉴定,EFE基因、E8启动子序列已重组到表达载体上,植物表达载体构建正确,并且已经转化进农杆菌EHA105中。     

猪粪沼液培养微藻系统中试试验

为实现猪粪沼液资源化的大规模应用,该研究以小球藻（Chlorella E2E）为试验藻种,开展了中试规模的\     

脆肉鲩质构与感官评价的相关性研究

为探究高浓度蚕豆水提取物、维生素C和E (V_C/V_E)提升草鱼肌肉品质(质构特性等)的效果,实验以普通配合饲料为对照,30%蚕豆水提取物、30%蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E (400 mg/kg V_C + 200 mg/kg V_E)、蚕豆配合饲料为处理组,分别饲喂 (250±20) g草鱼120 d。在40、80和120 d 3个时间点测定草鱼的肌肉和肠道中活性氧 (ROS)含量及ROS消除和生成相关酶活性、肌肉细胞中线粒体膜通透性转换孔和线粒体膜电位水平的变化。在120 d时分析草鱼的生长特性和肌肉及肠道的显微结构。结果显示,与蚕豆组相比,30%蚕豆水提取物和30%蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E两组草鱼的生长增加、饲料系数和腹腔脂肪水平显著下降,但蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E组草鱼肌肉质构特性高于30%蚕豆水提取物组。30%蚕豆水提取物和30%蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E两组草鱼肌肉和肠道的活性氧含量较蚕豆组显著下降、活性氧生成相关酶活性下降、消除相关酶活性上升。显微结构观察显示,30%蚕豆水提取物组和蚕豆水提取物+V_C/V_E组的草鱼肌纤维密度增高、直径降低,肠道损伤程度较蚕豆组明显下降。研究表明,在饲料中同时添加一定量的蚕豆水提取物和V_C/V_E可有效提升草鱼肌肉质构,在淡水鱼品质改良方面具有较大应用前景。