建始县林果产业发展现状与对策

通过建始县林果产业发展现状进行分析,找出产业发展中存在的问题,从项目支撑、技术推广、精深加工和组织保障等各方面提出了一些对策和建议,探讨全县林果产业可持续发展模式。     

Exploring six reduced irrigation options under water shortage for ‘Golden Smoothee’ apple: Responses of yield components over three years

Water for irrigation is in short supply worldwide, therefore reduced irrigation options will have to be explored. We did this for ‘Golden Smoothee’ apple over the growing seasons of 2003-2005 at the IRTA-Estaciò Experimental de Lleida (41°37′ N; 0° 52′ E; 260 m a.s.l.), Catalonia, Spain. This region has a temperate climate with winter-dominant rainfall. Averages of annual rainfall and reference evapotranspiration over 2000-2009 were, respectively, 371 and 1023 mm. The treatments were: Control (C), receiving full irrigation; spring irrigation (SI), where at the budbreak 80 mm of water was applied followed by watering so that the total water applied in the season was either at 33% of C (SI-33) or at 50% of C (SI-50); and deficit irrigation (DI), where trees were irrigated either with 33% of C (DI-33) or with 50% of C (DI-50). Water in DI was applied either through one dripper per tree (DI-33-1d and DI-50-1d) or through two drippers per tree (DI-33-2d and DI-50-2d). Trees showed biennial bearing with 2004 being an ‘off-year’ when treatment effects on yield were largely masked by the higher values of stem water potential associated with lower crop loads. SI-50 and SI-33 performed poorly and cannot be recommended. For each of the DI treatments, the one-dripper version increased fresh market yield and fruit size. For example, although DI-50 performed better than DI-33, DI-33-1d was similar in performance to DI-50-2d. Under water shortage, we recommend whole-season application of DI-50-1d and DI-33-1d depending on the availability of water supply.     

自然生草对渭北旱塬苹果园小气候及果实灼伤和早期落叶病的影响

为了探寻自然生草对果园小气候的影响,试验以苹果园清耕和人工生草为对照,监测了自然生草对渭北旱塬苹果园小气候、果实灼伤和早期落叶病的影响.结果表明:自然生草与人工生草果树行间的空气相对湿度较清耕分别提高了11.77％ 和10.53％,树冠内的分别提高了12.01％ 和11.16％.自然生草和人工生草降低了果树行间及树冠内...     

谈红松人工林改培果林技术

从3个方面分析论述了红松人工林的改培适宜的林分和采取的技术措施。     

秸秆生物反应堆技术在山地果园的应用试验

秸秆生物反应堆技术是可充分利用废弃资源,提高瓜果产量、改善品质的现代农业生物工程技术。这一技术是集生态、环保、经济等效益于一体的良性循环技术,推广该技术可从根本上解决长期施用化肥导致的土壤恶化污染、提高地温、提高产量及减少病虫害等。该技术成本低、投入产出比大,可实现农业生物资源的合理利用和生态环境的改善。     

番茄新品种比较试验

引进6个番茄品种在大通县河州庄村进行品种比较试验,结果表明新红琪产量最高（6557/667m2）,比对照高15.1%,其次是劳斯特（6556kg/667m2）,比对照高15.1%,另外威曼产量（6253kg/667m2）,比对照高出9.7%。因此这三种品种均可作为大通县进一步推广应用的品种。     

栝楼果实腐烂病病原菌鉴定及防治药剂的筛选

【目的】明确引起栝楼果实腐烂病的病原菌种类并筛选其有效防治药剂。【方法】2019—2020年采集安徽省大别山区的栝楼果实腐烂病样品,采用组织分离法获得35株分离物,利用柯赫氏法则验证其致病性,依据菌株形态学特征和多基因序列分析确定病原菌种类;采用菌丝生长速率法测定7种杀菌剂的室内毒力。【结果】共分离纯化得到4种不同菌落形态特征的菌株,经柯赫氏法则验证均为栝楼果实腐烂病病原菌,经形态学观察和分子系统发育分析,确定引起栝楼果实腐烂病的病原菌分别为藤仓镰孢菌Fusarium fujikuroi、层出镰孢菌F.proliferatum、果生刺盘孢Colletotrichum fructicola和辽宁刺盘孢C.liaoningense,分离频率依次为31.4%、8.6%、20.0%和40.0%。室内毒力测定结果表明,咪鲜胺、咯菌腈、苯醚甲环唑、氰烯菌酯和百菌清对F.fujikuroi和F.proliferatum的抑制效果较好,EC₅₀为0.104 6～5.178 1μg/mL;咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑和咯菌腈对C.fructicola和C.liaoningense的抑制效果较...     

基于HS-SPME/GC-MS和感官分析技术的单菌发酵对咖啡果酒风味影响研究

为探讨单菌发酵对果酒风味的影响,利用GC-MS分析对风味影响的物质基础,利用电子感官（电子鼻和电子舌）和人为感官判定菌种对咖啡果酒整体风味的影响,研究结果为酿造优质风味咖啡果酒筛选最佳菌种组合提供理论参考。实验结果表明,4 种酵母中B和D酿成的果酒中乙醇的相对含量高于其他2 种,C损失略高于其他3 种酵母。GC-MS分析共检出化合物26 种,其中酯类15 种、醇类7 种、其他化合物4 种;所检化合物除酸类物质外,均具有令人愉悦的风味;醇类均为高级醇,主要是异戊醇和苯乙醇;酵母D峰面积明显高于其他3 种,而醇酯比C(8.61)>A(4.17)>B(1.16)>D(1.05)。电子感官检测发现,电子鼻和电子舌的第1 主成分的贡献率均达到98%以上,但大多存在交叉,区分效果较差,说明风味和口感较为接近;人为感官区分结果与电子感官结果一致。     

不同产区香料烟化学成分及感官质量比较

对不同产区香料烟烟叶主要化学成分和感官质量进行了分析,结果表明,不同产区香料烟的化学成分差异较大,总氮、氯、钾、蛋白质、氨基酸含量以湖北香料烟最高;总糖、还原糖、淀粉、多酚含量以云南香料烟最高;烟碱含量以浙江香料烟最高.不同产区香料烟感官质量具有明显差异,总体上云南和浙江香料烟评吸得分较高,湖北较低;A1级烟叶评吸总分以云南最高;A2级烟叶以浙江最高;A3级烟叶评吸总分云南略高于浙江,二者明显高于湖北.