灌喂必需氨基酸模式溶液对草鱼全鱼_省略_肌肉_肝胰脏蛋白质合成代谢的影响

采用大剂量食道灌喂DL－[4-^3H]-Phe，研究不同EAA模式下，20－30g体重草鱼种的全鱼和肌肉，肝胰脏的蛋白质合成代谢，结果表明：（1）分别缺乏Lys,Met,Trp Arg的4种极端不平衡EAA模式，同草鱼肌肉EAA模式即相对平衡的基础模式相比，肌肉，肝胰脏及全鱼的蛋白质合成速率（FSR）均显著降低，其降低程度高低依次为Met,Lys,Arg,Trp;(2)肝胰脏，肌肉人的蛋白质合成代谢与整体蛋白质合成代谢对EAA模式的改变产生相同的变化趋势，并且三者蛋白质合成代谢速率为肝胰脏＞全鱼＞肌肉；（3）EAA模式的Lys,Met,Trp,Arg4因素中，对肌肉，肝胰脏蛋白质合成速率影响最大的是Met,其余依次为Lys,Arg,Trp。     

硫酸香茅醛显色法测定莪术油微囊载药量与包封率

为评价莪术油/(麦芽糊精-Povacoat)微囊的质量,建立了硫酸香茅醛显色测定其载药量和包封率的方法。对莪术油乙醇溶液进行波长扫描,确定508nm为最大吸收波长,显色稳定性试验表明,反应液在150min内吸光度较稳定。莪术油检测浓度在0.199 2μg/mL~9.960μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(A=0.094 7C-0.001 2,r=0.999 3),微囊的载药量测定和包封率测定的方法回收率分别为99.6%和99.1%。经测定,3批微囊的载药量为51.5mg/g~53.2mg/g,包封率为88.2%~90.7%。     

Capacity of fatty acid profiles and substrate utilization patterns to describe differences in soil microbial communities associated with increased salinity or alkalinity at three locations in South Australia

 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles, together with Biolog substrate utilization patterns, were used in conjunction with measurements of other soil chemical and microbiological properties to describe differences in soil microbial communities induced by increased salinity and alkalinity in grass/legume pastures at three sites in SE South Australia. Total ester-linked FAMEs (EL-FAMEs) and phospholipid-linked FAMEs (PL-FAMEs), were also compared for their ability to detect differences between the soil microbial communities. The level of salinity and alkalinity in affected areas of the pastures showed seasonal variation, being greater in summer than in winter. At the time of sampling for the chemical and microbiological measurements (winter) only the affected soil at site 1 was significantly saline. The affected soils at all three sites had lower organic C and total N concentrations than the corresponding non-affected soils. At site 1 microbial biomass, CO₂-C respiration and the rate of cellulose decomposition was also lower in the affected soil compared to the non-affected soil. Biomarker fatty acids present in both the EL- and PL-FAME profiles indicated a lower ratio of fungal to bacterial fatty acids in the saline affected soil at site 1. Analysis of Biolog substrate utilization patterns indicated that the bacterial community in the affected soil at site 1 utilized fewer carbon substrates and had lower functional diversity than the corresponding community in the non-affected soil. In contrast, increased alkalinity, of major importance at sites 2 and 3, had no effect on microbial biomass, the rate of cellulose decomposition or functional diversity but was associated with significant differences in the relative amounts of several fatty acids in the PL-FAME profiles indicative of a shift towards a bacterial dominated community. Despite differences in the number and relative amounts of fatty acids detected, principal component analysis of the EL- and PL-FAME profiles were equally capable of separating the affected and non-affected soils at all three sites. Redundancy analysis of the FAME data showed that organic C, microbial biomass, electrical conductivity and bicarbonate-extractable P were significantly correlated with variation in the EL-FAME profiles, whereas pH, electrical conductivity, NH₄-N, CO₂-C respiration and the microbial quotient were significantly correlated with variation in the PL-FAME profiles. Redundancy analysis of the Biolog data indicated that cation exchange capacity and bicarbonate-extractable K were significantly correlated with the variation in Biolog substrate utilization patterns. Received: 8 March 2000     

桑叶粉对新西兰白兔免疫与抗氧化功能及肌肉风味的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平桑叶粉对新西兰白兔免疫与抗氧化功能及肌肉风味的影响。选用120只35日龄断奶的新西兰白兔,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只(公母各占1/2)。4组试验兔分别饲喂桑叶粉添加水平为0(对照组)、15%(试验Ⅰ组)、20%(试验Ⅱ组)、25%(试验Ⅲ组)的试验饲粮,试验期为35 d。结果显示:试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。随着桑叶粉添加水平的增加,血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性呈上升趋势,且试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。试验I组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P0.01)。血清丙二醛(M DA)含量在各试验组间无显著差异(P0.05),但各试验组均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。随着桑叶粉添加水平的增加,血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)呈现上升趋势,且各试验组均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组背最长肌中肌苷酸含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组腿肌中肌苷酸含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验Ⅰ组与试验Ⅱ组背最长肌和腿肌中必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、总氨基酸以及多不饱和脂肪酸含量均高于对照组(P0.05)。由此得出,桑叶粉在改善新西兰白兔免疫与抗氧化功能及肌肉风味方面有很好的效果,并且以15%~20%添加水平效果较佳。     

齐墩果酸分光光度法测定大豆异黄酮粉中总皂苷含量

以大豆皂苷类似物齐墩果酸为标准品,经香草醛-高氯酸显色,应用可见分光光度法在560 nm处分别测定了20%、30%和40%大豆异黄酮粉中总皂苷的含量。测定结果表明,大豆总皂苷的对应含量分别为36.0%、26.3%、16.1%,该方法的线性范围为1～20μg.mL-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%,平均加样回收率为101.5%,相关系数R2=0.9996。     

五味子萃取物有效成分含量测定及其对鸡肉中肌苷酸含量的影响

作者采用高效液相色谱测定五味子萃取物有效成分含量,并研究其对肉仔鸡胸肌、腿肌肌苷酸含量的影响。试验选择1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡200羽,公母各半,随机分为5组,每组设4个重复,每个重复10羽。各组间鸡体重无统计学上的差异（P>0.05）,试验全期56 d。空白组饲喂基础日粮（不添加任何药物）,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加黄霉素5 mg/kg、五味子萃取物0.1%、0.2%、0.4%。56日龄屠宰试验鸡,取胸肌、腿肌肉,测定肌苷酸含量。研究结果表明,各试验组胸（腿）肌肌苷酸含量均高于空白组与黄霉素组,其中0.4%五味子萃取物组与空白组和黄霉素组相比差异显著（P<0.05）。     

豆粕和棉粕日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

试验研究了豆粕日粮和含5%～8%棉粕的日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响及可能机制。试验Ⅰ为肉仔鸡饲养试验,选用1日龄AA商品代肉仔鸡公雏672只,随机分为4个处理,每个处理12个重复,每个重复14只鸡,试验期42d。结果表明:在棉粕和豆粕日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶对42日龄肉仔鸡体增重分别提高了4.35%和3.49%。试验Ⅱ为排空强饲代谢试验。结果显示:豆粕日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶增加蛋公鸡色氨酸真消化率(P<0.001),对其他氨基酸消化率无影响。添加α-半乳糖苷酶的豆粕的,真代谢能值与不添加酶的相比,提高了4.69%(0.51MJ/kg)。本研究表明,在玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加α-半乳糖苷酶,提高了色氨酸真消化率和真代谢能,有利于提高肉仔鸡生长性能。     

MABA法与二倍稀释法测定齐墩果酸体外抗结核菌活性

为筛选有开发价值的抗结核中草药,通过儿拉姆兰微板分析法(MABA)与二倍稀释法分别测定齐墩果酸对结核分支杆菌H37Rv(ATCC 27294)和H37Ra(ATCC 25177)的体外抗菌活性,测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC),同时对两种方法的检测结果进行了比较;以噻唑蓝(MTT)法进行了齐墩果酸对Balb/c小鼠的脾细胞和肝细胞的细胞毒性试验。结果表明,齐墩果酸对这两种结核菌的最低抑菌浓度均为16μg/mL,对Balb/c小鼠的脾细胞和肝细胞均无毒性。MABA法与试管法相比较,完全符合率为90%(9/10),具有较好的一致性。本研究结果为齐墩果酸作为抗结核菌药物的开发及其抗菌机制研究奠定了一定的基础。     

Modes of action of the protective strain Fo47 in controlling verticillium wilt of pepper

The protective fungus Fusarium oxysporum Fo47 reduces the severity of wilt caused by the soilborne pathogen Verticillium dahliae in pepper. Modes of action responsible for the biocontrol activity were studied. Microscopic observations of fluorescent protein‐transformed strains colonizing the root surface show that the colonization patterns of Fo47 and V. dahliae were similar. Pixel counting of the images obtained by confocal microscopy showed that Fo47 reduces colonization of the root surface by V. dahliae, suggesting a possible role of competition for nutrients at the root surface. Besides these effects on surface colonization, the hormonal pathways activated during priming of plant defence responses were identified by measuring the amount of some phytohormones and their derivatives in roots and stems of pepper. Results showed an early, slight increase of jasmonyl isoleucine, followed by a transient increase of salicylic acid during the pre‐challenged phase of priming and an increase of 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid during the challenge phase of priming. The caffeic, ferulic and chlorogenic acids, known to play a role in plant defence reactions, showed a strong antimicrobial activity against V. dahliae in vitro. In pepper roots, Fo47 stimulated the biosynthesis of caffeic acid and primed that of chlorogenic acid. These results demonstrated that the effective control of V. dahliae provided by Fo47 is based on different but complementary mechanisms.     

RPAA和保护性小肽对奶牛生产性能与消化率的影响

选取产奶量、泌乳期及年龄、体重相近的16头处于泌乳中期的荷斯坦奶牛,分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,每组4头牛。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中分别添加脂肪包被的蛋氨酸和赖氨酸、脂肪包被的小肽、用甲醛处理的蛋氨酸和赖氨酸。结果表明:在奶牛日粮中添加脂肪包被的氨基酸和脂肪包被的小肽,其产奶量分别比对照组提高16.67%、24.02%(P<0.05);乳中固形物和乳脂率没有显著差异,乳蛋白略有升高(P>0.05);饲料干物质、粗蛋白和粗纤维消化率明显提高(P<0.05)。说明脂肪包被的氨基酸、小肽的效果优于甲醛处理的氨基酸组。