Effects of lactulose supplementation on performance,blood profiles,excreta microbial shedding of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli,relative organ weight and excreta noxious gas contents in broilers

This study was to evaluate the effects of lactulose supplementation on performance, blood profiles, excreta microbial shedding of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli, relative organ weight and excreta noxious gas contents in broilers. A total of 720 ROSS 308 broilers with a body weight of 46 ± 0.1 g (1 day of age) were used in a 28‐d experiment. Broilers were randomly allotted to 4 experiment diets with 12 replicate pens and 15 birds per pen. Dietary treatments were as follows: NC, negative control (without antibiotic); PC, NC + 0.1% tiamulin; L1, NC + 0.1% lactulose; and L2, NC + 0.2% lactulose. Broilers were fed with phase 1 (1–8 day), phase 2 (9–18 day) and phase 3 (19–28 day) diets in the form of mash. During day 1–8, broilers fed the PC and L2 diets had higher (p < 0.05) body weight gain than those fed the NC diet. During day 19–28, broilers fed the L1 and L2 diets had lower (p < 0.05) feed intake than those fed the NC diet. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased (p < 0.05) in L1 treatment compared with NC treatment. Overall, the FCR was improved (p < 0.05) in all supplementation treatments compared with NC treatment. The apparently metabolizable nitrogen in L1 treatment was higher (p < 0.05) than that in NC treatment at day 28. The excreta Lactobacillus was increased and E. coli was decreased in PC and L2 treatments compared with NC treatment at day 28 (p < 0.05). The excreta NH₃, H₂S and acetic acid contents were decreased (p < 0.05) in L1 and L2 treatments compared with NC treatment. The relative weight of abdominal fat of broilers fed the PC diet was lowest (p < 0.05) compared with other treatments. In conclusion, this study indicated that dietary supplementation of 0.1% or 0.2% lactulose could improve growth performance, decrease excreta E. coli and excreta NH₃ and H₂S contents.     

车前草多糖对雏鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫器官发育的影响

为了研究车前草多糖对雏鸡血液生理生化指标和免疫器官发育的影响,笔者开展了本试验。选择1日龄未免疫白罗曼蛋公鸡100只,随机分为2组(每组50只),即车前草多糖灌喂组和生理盐水对照组。分别于给药后5、10、15、20、28d,每组随机抽取3只鸡,翼下静脉采血并剖杀,采集免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊),进行生理生化指标和免疫器官脏器指数测定及免疫器官组织学观察。试验结果表明,车前草多糖能显著刺激雏鸡的红细胞和白细胞生成,并能显著促进雏鸡免疫器官的发育。     

The study on the cytology and histochemistry of lymphoid organ spheroids in Penaeus chinensis

The lymphoid organ spheroids (LOS) were investigated by cytological and histochemical techniques in Penaeus chinensis. The results showed that the LOS only appeared in the individuals with relatively large lymphoid organ (long diameter>2 mm.). The LOS were mainly made up of two types of cells, one of which had a low cytoplasm to nuclear volumetric ratio, developed marginated chromatin and 1–2 nucleoli, while the other had large cytoplasm to nuclear volumetric ratio, homogeneous chromatin, and no or only one nucleolus. These two kinds of cells all contained mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The necrotic cells could usually be observed. The LOS showed negative PAS reaction, weak positive phenoloxidase, and negative -naphthyl-acetate esterase (-NAE).     

中药复方对动物机体免疫功能影响的研究进展

中药复方现代化研究取得了一定的成效。研究证明,中药复方可以通过免疫调节作用增强机体免疫力,进而预防与治疗多种疾病。就中药复方对免疫器官、细胞免疫、体液免疫等方面的影响作一综述,并提出将传统中医药理论及经验与现代医药学理论相结合,应用现代科学技术研究、挖掘中医药学的科学内涵,已成为当前非常重要而紧迫的课题。     

Experimental oral transmission of largemouth bass virus

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a recently discovered iridovirus that causes a fatal disease of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède). Fish can become infected by waterborne LMBV, but oral transmission of this virus has not been demonstrated previously. Largemouth bass were gavaged with guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters, which had been injected with LMBV, and then sampled periodically during a 7‐week observation period. The dose of LMBV averaged 10^5.6 tissue culture infectious doses – 50% cytopathic endpoint (TCID₅₀) per largemouth bass. Five of 24 largemouth bass exposed to LMBV became infected with the virus, but none of the fish had clinical signs typical of LMBV disease. Virus titres in largemouth bass were highest in swim bladder (10^5.5–9.5 TCID₅₀ g^?1) and were 10^5.2 TCID₅₀ g^?1 or lower in cutaneous mucus, head kidney, trunk kidney, spleen, gonad and intestine. These results indicate that LMBV can be transmitted orally to largemouth bass, but further study is needed to determine the factors affecting pathogenicity of the virus.     

miRNA调控植物花芽分化的研究进展

综述了miR156、miR172、miR159/319等microRNA家族在花芽分化调控中的研究进展,并展望了microRNA在果树花芽分化过程中的研究前景.     

不同植物对煤矿废弃地土壤重金属富集转化规律

于2008~2009年采取吉林省九台营城煤矿废弃地的复垦土和矸石土作为种植土壤,分别于试验小区内种植黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis Lam.)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.),研究植物不同营养器官对煤矿废弃地土壤重金属的富集转化规律。结果表明,两种植物对不同土壤重金属的富集能力不同。复垦土种植条件下,黄花草木樨的叶和茎、紫花苜蓿的根和叶对Zn、Cd、Ni和Cu富集能力较强;矸石土种植条件下,黄花草木樨的叶对Ni、Cd及Cu的富集能力较强,根对Zn的富集能力较强,紫花苜蓿的叶对4种重金属的富集能力均较强,且茎对Cu和Ni、根对Zn也存在一定的富集能力。     

串珠镰刀菌素的培养提取及对鸡的免疫病理损伤

从广东某饲料厂所用玉米上分离到串珠镰刀菌,并将该菌株接种玉米面,在25℃培养10d,转4℃培养7d,再转25℃培养10d的条件下,进行产毒培养。培养物灭菌干燥后采用乙腈-水(95∶5)提取串珠镰刀菌素(MON),并用薄层色谱验证和高效液相色谱测定提取物MON含量;将提取的MON按照23mg/kg加入试验组雏鸡饲料中,进行毒性试验,测定试验鸡免疫器官胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏指数及血清中一氧化氮的含量。结果表明:试验组比对照组鸡的胸腺、法氏囊及胸腺指数显著降低(P<0.05),血清中NO含量极显著升高(P<0.01)。     

The consensus oligonucleotide competitive binding with NF-κB inhibits TNF production

AIM:To investigate whether a consensus oligonucleotide, which contains nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) binding site, decreases TNF production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).METHODS:The thiophosphoric acid modified oligonucleotides were transferred into rat peritoneal macrophages directly, TNF content in LPS-stimulated cell culture supernatant was determined by ELISA.RESULTS:Adding the consensus oligonucleotides with NF-κB binding site into macrophages markedly decreased TNF production following LPS stimulation.CONCLUSION:These results show that use of the consensus oligonucleotides with NF-κB binding site, which can combine with NF-κB, can block or decrease TNF production induced by LPS in macrophages.     

Characterization of the digestive tract of wild ayu

ABSTRACT: The gut and gut contents of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis caught in the Ohta River in Hiroshima prefecture, Japan were examined. Relative intestine length (intestine length/body length) was almost constant. Except for relative intestine length, characteristics of the gut of wild ayu were not significantly different from those of cultured ayu. The height of intestinal folds increased and their width declined from stomach to anus. Cyanobacteria ( Homoeathrix sp. and Calothrix sp.) and diatoms ( Cymbella sp., Gomphonema sp., Melosira sp., Navicula sp., and Synedra sp.) were well digested during passage through the gut despite a lack of apparent destruction. In contrast, green algae ( Dictyosphearium sp., Coelastrum sp., and Pediastrum sp.) exhibited little degradation. The pH of stomach contents ranged from 2.8 to 7.4 (mean ± SD = 4.1 ± 1.0), whereas that of the posterior intestine was 7.0–8.5 (7.9 ± 0.4). Gut contents of wild ayu increased with bodyweight, and were more than threefold greater than those of cultured ayu, suggesting that wild ayu compensate for low nutrient content of algae through the continuous ingestion of large quantities of feed organisms.