Use of Student's t statistic as a phenotype of relative consumption preference of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain

Whole-grain wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) products provide essential nutrients to humans, but bran attributes may hinder consumption. Differences in grain attributes including flavor/aroma can be identified using the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) as a model system. A potential application of this model system is to identify genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring consumption-related traits using genetic mapping. These analyses require a quantitative phenotype to test marker–trait associations. Two-choice feeding trials are common in consumption studies, but do not provide an independent, quantitative phenotype. The objective of this study was to examine the use of ‘check’ varieties against which to compare sample varieties to generate Student's t values for use as phenotypic values. Two checks, which had previously been identified as “Yummy” and “yucky” (Y, y) were compared against each sample variety. The resulting t values provided an independent quantitative phenotype of the sample varieties.     

薄皮甜瓜后熟过程中香气成分的动态分析

采用SPME与GC-MS联用技术,测定哈甜-2号薄皮甜瓜后熟过程中7个时期果实香气物质的种类及其相对含量。试验共检测到香气物质77种,香气物质的种类随果实的后熟而减少,且含量均有不同变化。其中酯类物质达40种,占香气成分峰面积的90 %以上,共有12种特征性酯类,包括乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸异丁酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸-2-甲基-1-丁酯、3-羟丙基硫代乙酸酯、乙酸己酯、2,3-丁二醇二乙酸酯、异丙氧基乙酸乙酯和乙酸苄基酯。酯类物质是果实香气的重要组成成分,其中乙酸乙酯与2,3-丁二醇二乙酸酯相对含量的变化较为明显。     

程度相似度评价烟用香精质量

采用气相色谱/质谱法（GC/MS）建立烟用香精指纹图谱,计算并比较12种烟用香精6批次样品、稀释品和掺兑品的夹角余弦、相关系数和程度相似度。结果表明,程度相似度算法可较好的反映样品间的质量差异。     

稻米食味品质的相关性研究

统一鉴定南方稻区大面积推广的51个早籼稻品种的稻米品质后,进行了稻米食味品质与其他品质性状间的相关分析、逐步回归分析及通径分析。结果表明,稻米脂肪含量较其他品质性状对稻米食味品质有更大的影响,食用优质米的品质评价指标增加脂肪含量似更准确和完善。脂肪含量高、直链淀粉含量中等偏低、糊化温度低、胶稠度软或中等偏软、米粒延伸性好的稻米,食味品质好,这种品质性状的组合方式应该成为水稻品质育种的选择目标.本研究指出,提高脂肪含量、降低直链淀粉含量是改良稻米食味品质的关键,但直链淀粉含量并非越低越好。通过选择,将好的外观与优良的蒸煮、食味品质相结合是完全可能的.     

气质联用检测沉香燃烟粒相物中的挥发性成分

利用气质联用对沉香燃烟粒相物中的挥发性化合物进行定性及半定量检测,并对萃取溶剂、溶剂用量、振荡时间进行优化。最终选定二氯甲烷为萃取溶剂,溶剂用量为30 m L,振荡时间为30 min;对人工沉香和天然沉香燃烟粒相物谱图进行了分析,共鉴定出123种物质,主要为一些小分子挥发性物质、降解糖、单萜及含甲氧基的化合物,其中有26种物质具有各种香气特征的常用于食品香料的制备,在天然沉香燃烟中,26种具香气的物质所占鉴定物质总量的百分比高于人工沉香。     

Comparison of textural and compositional attributes of green and white asparagus produced under commercial conditions

Maize ogi was supplemented with 10 and 20% toasted and untoasted okra meals. Yields and chemical composition of ogi, and okra meal, and ogi substituted with okra meal were determined. Brabender paste properties of ogi and ogi substituted with okra meal mixtures were determined. Sensory acceptability of cooked colored and flavored ogi pastes was determined. Yields of ogi were 67.8% while yields of the toasted and untoasted okra seed meals were 35.1 and 39.9% respectively. Supplementing ogi with okra meal increased protein,ash, oil and fiber contents, but reduced ogi viscosity. Addition of yellow color did not significantly improve the color rating, but addition of vanilla flavor improved the flavor of ogi supplemented with untoasted okra meal significantly.     

食品风味物质分离分析技术进展

简述了食品中风味物质的特点,综述了顶空、固相微萃取、同时蒸馏萃取、超临界CO2萃取、气质联用、液质联用、气相嗅觉测量和电子鼻常用的几种分离分析食品中风味物质方法的研究进展。     

不同萃取头萃取萝卜风味物质的GC-MS分析

采用PDMS/DVB和DVB/CAR/PDMS两种萃取头,以固相微萃取(SPME)法提取萝卜风味物质成分,经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对风味物质成分进行鉴定,分析比较两种萃取头提取的风味物质成分差别,以确定适宜的萃取头。结果表明:两种萃取头的固相微萃取共检测到29种风味成分,PDMS/DVB提取数量为17种,DVB/CAR/PDMS为27种;PDMS/DVB萃取头所萃取的醇类、异硫氰酸酯类的数量比DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头少2种,烷烃类少3种,杂环类少1种,酯类、酮类均未检测到;DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取异硫氰酸酯类、烷烃类、醛类、杂环类、酮类、醚类及醇类的灵敏度高,PDMS/DVB萃取芳香族类的灵敏度高。因此,根据获得风味物质数量、种类以及灵敏度,供试萃取头中,DVB/CAR/PDMS比PDMS/DVB更适于提取分析萝卜风味物质成分。     

Analysis of Mount Atlas mastic smoke: A potential food preservative

Pistacia terebinthus L. smoke has been used traditionally in Iran as disinfectant and air purifier. Smoke was collected by a simple method, and the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the smoke were analyzed. The chemical constituents of the smoke were α-pinene (65.1%), limonene (11.5%) and allo-ocimene (2.8%). The non polar phase of smoke noticeably inhibited the growth of different microorganisms. MIC test shows that non polar fraction of smoke can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. The results indicating that the properties of the smoke as a flavoring and preservative agent could be a potential subject for future studies.     

不同成熟期白梨品种糖酸质量分数及风味评价

以成熟期不同的9个白梨品种为材料,通过测定果实糖和有机酸组分,研究早熟、中熟与晚熟品种间糖酸组分及质量分数的差异,在此基础上比较各品种间的果实风味指数。研究结果表明:成熟期不同的梨品种间果实糖酸组分及质量分数存在较大差异,并且在总糖或总酸质量分数差异不显著的条件下,不同品种间果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖等糖组分质量分数,苹果酸、柠檬酸和琥珀酸等有机酸组分质量分数存在显著差异;与糖酸比相比,果实风味指数更能反映果实的真实风味。从果实风味指数角度来考虑,早熟品种中‘雪青’风味最佳,中熟品种‘黄冠’最佳,晚熟品种中则以‘雪花梨’最佳。