Honeybush (Cyclopia sp.) – A rich source of compounds with high antimutagenic properties

The genus Cyclopia (Fabaceae family) includes a number of shrubs endemic to Cape Fynbos region of South Africa. The most common of these plants is Cyclopia intermedia E. Mey., used together with other Cyclopia species (mainly C. subternata and C. sessiliflora) to manufacture the honeybush herbal tea which has been produced in South Africa roughly since the beginning of the 19th century. Honeybush infusions are gaining popularity due to their characteristic honey-like flavour, low tannin content, absence of caffeine and potential health effects related to their antimutagenic and antioxidant properties.     

青钱柳降血糖药效物质基础研究进展

综述了青钱柳降血糖药效成分黄酮类、多糖类及微量元素的研究进展,并对青钱柳药效成分的开发应用前景进行了展望。     

Effect of genotype and environment on flavonoid concentration and profile of black sorghum grains

In recent years, colored sorghum genotypes high in flavonoids have been developed. Flavonoid levels of eight black sorghum genotypes grown in four locations in Texas were evaluated to assess the relative genotype, environment and genotype × environment effects. Levels of total 3-deoxyanthocyanidins ranged from 292 μg/g to 499 μg/g and 251 μg/g to 804 μg/g across environments and genotypes, respectively. Total 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in sorghums from Halfway were low (178–694 μg/g) due to the reduction of their non-methoxylated forms. This reduction is likely due to significant grain weathering which was observed only at Halfway. In addition, flavanone and flavone levels were the lowest at Halfway with levels of 12 μg/g and 78 μg/g, respectively. For all flavonoids there was a genotype by environment interaction (p < 0.01) which suggests that environment had a different effect on flavonoid levels depending on the genotype. Color values L*, a* and b* did not correlate with flavonoid content. Due to genotype, environment and their interactions, sorghum breeders must evaluate these traits in multiple environments to identify genotypes with high and stable production of flavonoid compounds.     

侧柏叶黄酮雪花膏配方研制及美白功效评价

[目的]研究侧柏叶黄酮雪花膏的理想配方并测试该功能性雪花膏的美白效果、对酪氨酸酶的抑制率等性能。[方法]采用侧柏叶总黄酮提取液为疗效剂,以功能性雪花膏为研究对象,对侧柏黄酮功能性雪花膏的制备工艺、配方及性能进行了研究。[结果]该功能性雪花膏,当0.024mg/ml侧柏叶总黄酮用量为10.0ml时,酪氨酸酶的抑制效果较好。[结论]侧柏叶总黄酮功能性雪花膏符合国家标准,综合性能较好,生产工艺简单。     

A new dilactone from the seeds of Gaultheria yunnanensis

Gaultheriadiolide (1), a new compound, together with the known dauosterol (2), ginkgetin (3), myricetin (4), 6-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (5), ursolic acid (6), methyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-xylosyl(1→6)β-d-glucopyranoside (7), and methyl salicylate 2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (8) were isolated from Gaultheria yunnanensis. The structure was elucidated on the basic of spectral analysis, especially 1D and 2D NMR. Primary bioassays showed that compound 1 had medium cytotoxic activity against HEp-2 and HepG2 Cells, with IC₅₀ of 23.337 μM and 29.4497 μM, respectively.     

Antioxidants profile of small tomato fruits: Effect of irrigation and industrial process

Carotenoids and flavonoids are the main tomatoes antioxidants, having an important role for human health. This study investigates the effects of different water regime and of the industrial processing on the concentration of these compounds in tomato fruits and in tomato products. Two biotypes of Corbarini small tomatoes were cultivated in the Sarno valley (Salerno, Italy) using three different water regimes. A biochemical characterization of the fresh and of the corresponding canned products was performed. Results show that water regime influenced the antioxidant profile of tomato fruits, with marked differences between the two biotypes. Data obtained highlight that water regime markedly influenced the productivity and the quality of the tomatoes. Results also demonstrated that industrial process increased carotenoids content without causing a significant flavonoids degradation.     

响应面法优化马蹄皮渣中总黄酮的微波提取工艺研究

[目的]为更好地利用马蹄加工皮渣中的资源,优化马蹄皮渣中总黄酮的微波提取工艺,得到得率较高的黄酮类化合物。[方法]采用 Box-Behnken中心组合响应面法优化马蹄粉加工皮渣中总黄酮的微波提取工艺,建立了不同影响因素与马蹄总黄酮得率之间的函数关系。[结果]确定最佳提取工艺条件为：乙醇浓度55.4%,料液比1：30 g/ml,微波功率320 W,微波3 min,在此条件下重复提取2次,理论得率为2.376%,经过验证得到总黄酮得率为2.365%,实测值与理论预测值之间的相对误差为0.461%。[结论]优化得到的提取工艺可靠,可为马蹄加工废弃物的综合高效利用提供参考依据。     

Phenolics and Antioxidative Activities in Narrow-Leafed Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

Eight lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) genotypes grown at four locations in south central Alberta in 2004 were evaluated for variability in phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity measured by a photochemiluminescence assay. Genotype was the main source of variation for content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compounds in genotypes varied minimally from 11.9 to 14.7 mg catechin equivalent and 4.15 to 4.95 mg rutin equivalent g⁻¹ lupin for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Lupin genotypes exhibited weak antioxidant activity based on water–soluble substances (ACW) of 0.54 to 1.07 μmole Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC)/g with lag time ranging from 70 to 153 s and an antioxidant index of 6.7 to 14.5 and 1.9 to 3.3 μmole TEAC/g based on measurements of lipid-soluble substances (ACL). Antioxidant activity of lupin genotypes was not related to phenolic contents of seeds.     

Characterization of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Landraces Cultivated in Central Italy

Eight Phaseolus vulgaris L. landraces cultivated on farm in marginal areas of Central Italy (Lazio region) were investigated in order to evaluate chemical composition of storage proteins and secondary metabolites fractions. The total protein content showed some differences among landraces; the maximum value was next to 30 g for 100 g of dry weight. The seed storage proteins were screened by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE): seven landraces exhibited phaseolin patterns type S, one landrace showed a phaseolin pattern type T. A morphological analysis of cotyledon parenchyma performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed differences in size of starch granules. Moreover the polyphenolic composition was investigated using HPLC-APCI; from the methanol extracts a flavonoid, kaempferol, and a coumarin, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first time that 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin has been reported in P. vulgaris seeds.     

苦丁茶中总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺研究

[目的]探讨苦丁茶中总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺。[方法]采用分光光度法测定苦丁茶总黄酮的含量,通过正交试验确定苦丁茶总黄酮微波辐射最佳提取工艺条件。[结果]最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率为440W,乙醇浓度65%,微波加热时间为5min,液固比为30∶1,提取次数为2次,在最佳提取工艺条件下苦丁茶总黄酮得率为2.289%。[结论]微波辅助提取是一种快速高效提取苦丁茶总黄酮的新方法。